CN111391882B - Follow-type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device - Google Patents
Follow-type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111391882B CN111391882B CN202010322153.3A CN202010322153A CN111391882B CN 111391882 B CN111391882 B CN 111391882B CN 202010322153 A CN202010322153 A CN 202010322153A CN 111391882 B CN111391882 B CN 111391882B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9006—Details, e.g. in the structure or functioning of sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/904—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents with two or more sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9093—Arrangements for supporting the sensor; Combinations of eddy-current sensors and auxiliary arrangements for marking or for rejecting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a following type online electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device for a wheel tread, which comprises two parallel detection steel rails with a certain distance and a plurality of pairs of electromagnetic detection probes which are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two detection steel rails at intervals in the same line, wherein the electromagnetic detection probes are arranged on a wheel tread laminating device of which the top end is laminated with the wheel tread and the height of the top end is higher than that of the electromagnetic detection probes, and each wheel tread laminating device is arranged on a mobile advancing device through a buffer lifting device. The detection steel rail provided by the invention can enable the wheel tread to be in a suspended state in the detection process, the wheel tread is attached to the wheel tread attaching device, the electromagnetic detection probe can be ensured to be directly contacted with the wheel tread, the buffer lifting device can adjust the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe and the wheel tread, the moving advancing device ensures that the electromagnetic detection probe can carry out moving detection along with the wheel tread, the circumferential comprehensive detection of the wheel tread is realized, and the detection continuity is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit vehicle wheel flaw detection, in particular to a following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device, which realizes the rapid detection of wheel magnetization and magnetic field distortion at a defect position in a magnetic field coupling mode and is an online wheel tread and wheel rim defect detection device with the most development potential.
Background
The train wheel comprises a wheel rim and a wheel tread, wherein the wheel tread is a surface of the train which is contacted with the rail during the running process. The wheel tread often produces local scotch because of reasons such as braking or idle slip during the train operation, and the wheel can cause the coupling vibration of whole vehicle track system in the process of train operation after the scotch, endangers driving safety. Therefore, real-time detection and identification of wheel tread scuffs is very important and essential.
At present, the tread detection of wheels at home and abroad is mainly based on ultrasonic detection or magnetic powder detection, is influenced by magnetic field signals, sensor signals and data processing technology, and has the following defects:
1) the field construction work amount is large, the bearing capacity of the arranged detection area to the train is poor, the bearing capacity of the track to the train is weakened, the train is borne by the detection area, and the situation that the detection area is damaged easily occurs after the detection area is used for a period of time due to the fact that the train is heavy;
2) the occupied area is large, and the length of a flaw detection area is hundreds of meters;
3) the detected circumferential continuity of the wheel is poor, and the circumferential internal state of the wheel cannot be comprehensively reflected;
4) the wheels are in direct hard contact with the probes, the probes are pressed and exploded due to carelessness, and the probes are often damaged, so that the service life of the detection device is influenced;
5) the testing speed is slow, and each wheel needs to be tested for about one minute;
6) the method can only detect trains of one type, and when the types and wheel treads of the trains are different, especially when the surface geometry of the wheel treads with the abrasion thickness is changed, the detection result is influenced, and the applicability is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a following type online electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device for a wheel tread, aiming at solving the problems that the probe is easy to damage, the detected circumferential continuity of a wheel is not good, the detection applicability is not high and the detection speed is low in the existing wheel tread detection device, so that the probe cannot be damaged in the detection process, the service life of the device is prolonged, the detected circumferential continuity of the wheel is good, the circumferential omnibearing detection of the wheel is realized, and the device can meet the detection requirements of wheels of various types of locomotives.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device comprises two detection steel rails which are parallel to each other and have a certain distance and are used for enabling a wheel rim to move at the upper part and enabling a wheel tread to be exposed, and a plurality of pairs of electromagnetic detection probes which are arranged on the outer sides of the two detection steel rails at intervals in the same line and are used for transmitting magnetic fields to the wheel tread and receiving electromagnetic eddy current signals of the wheel tread to judge whether defects exist on the wheel tread, wherein the electromagnetic detection probes are arranged on a wheel tread laminating device, the electromagnetic detection probes are laminated with the wheel tread at the top end, the top end height of each electromagnetic detection probe is higher than that of each electromagnetic detection probe, the electromagnetic detection probes are used for ensuring that a wheel normally travels in the detection process and preventing the electromagnetic detection probes from being damaged by pressure, and each wheel tread laminating device is respectively arranged on a wheel tread laminating device, which is used for ejecting the electromagnetic detection probes when the wheel tread is detected and can adjust The moving speed is the same as the wheel advancing speed so as to realize the circumferential comprehensive detection of the wheel tread.
Further optimize technical scheme, wheel tread laminating device includes main body frame, sets up the U type groove on main body frame and rotates two gyro wheels that set up in U type groove both sides and laminate mutually with the wheel tread through a gyro wheel buffer structure symmetry respectively.
According to the technical scheme, the roller buffering structure comprises a roller support and a movable plate, the roller support is rotatably arranged with the roller, the movable plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the roller support, a guide column is arranged on the movable plate in a penetrating mode in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the guide column is fixed with the main body frame, and a spring is arranged on the periphery of the guide column, the top end of the spring is fixed with the movable plate, and the bottom end of the spring is fixed with the main.
According to the technical scheme, the electromagnetic detection probe comprises a magnetic field transmitting structure and a magnetic field receiving structure, wherein the magnetic field transmitting structure is fixedly arranged in the U-shaped groove and used for transmitting a magnetic field, and the magnetic field receiving structure is fixedly arranged on the magnetic field transmitting structure and used for receiving electromagnetic eddy current signals of the wheel tread.
According to the technical scheme, the magnetic field emission structure comprises a U-shaped excitation iron core fixedly arranged in the U-shaped groove and an excitation coil wound on the U-shaped excitation iron core.
According to the technical scheme, the magnetic field receiving structure comprises a printed circuit board transversely and fixedly arranged in the middle of the U-shaped excitation iron core and a row of electromagnetic sensors electrically connected to the top end face of the printed circuit board.
Further optimize technical scheme, it has a plurality of infrared ray distance measuring sensor that are used for detecting the interval between electromagnetic sensor and the wheel tread still electric connection on the printed circuit board, and then control buffering elevating gear and promote the height in order to guarantee electromagnetic sensor detection precision.
Further optimize technical scheme, can dismantle between two detection rails and be provided with the roll adjustment structure that is used for adjusting the interval between two detection rails in order to satisfy different specification locomotive and detect.
The detection in-place stopping device is arranged on the side wall of the detection steel rail on the same side with the mobile advancing device and used for being contacted with the mobile advancing device to stop detection when the detection is finished.
According to the technical scheme, the power lines and the signal lines of the electromagnetic detection probe and the buffering lifting device are arranged in a drag chain which can advance under the driving of the mobile advancing device.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
The invention has flexible and convenient use, can ensure the detection precision, is particularly suitable for the nondestructive detection of the wheel tread and the large-diameter pipe, the arranged detection steel rail can ensure that the wheel tread is in a suspended state in the detection process, the wheel tread is attached to the wheel tread attaching device, the electromagnetic detection probe can be ensured to be directly contacted with the wheel tread, the buffer lifting device can adjust the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe and the wheel tread, the wheel tread is always in the effective detection range of the electromagnetic detection probe, the movable advancing device ensures that the electromagnetic detection probe can carry out the movable detection along with the wheel tread, the circumferential comprehensive detection of the wheel tread is further realized, and the continuity of the detection is ensured.
The invention can realize circumferential detection of the wheel tread only by rotating the wheel for one or several circles when detecting, has extremely high detection efficiency, can ensure that the length of a detection area for detecting the steel rail is very short, and greatly saves the occupied area.
When the locomotive enters a section repair period after running for a certain mileage or a certain duration and then enters a maintenance factory, the locomotive does not need to be disassembled, but the locomotive directly enters the wheel rim moving track, so that the problem that the locomotive needs to be disassembled manually or the locomotive body needs to be lifted up to waste a large amount of time and labor force during detection is solved.
When the specification model of locomotive changes, the model of wheel can change correspondingly, the setting of gyro wheel buffer structure can guarantee that the gyro wheel can also reciprocate when laminating mutually with the wheel tread, can roll on the wheel tread, make the interval between electromagnetic detection probe and the wheel tread keep certain, can restrict the lift-off height of middle electromagnetic detection probe to the wheel tread, the interference of lift-off fluctuation to defect signal under the high-speed condition has been suppressed by a wide margin, make this device can be applicable to the locomotive of multiple specification model.
The magnetic field transmitting structure fixedly arranged in the U-shaped groove can transmit a magnetic field and magnetize the wheel tread, an eddy magnetic field can be generated when the wheel tread has defects, and the magnetic field receiving structure fixedly arranged on the magnetic field transmitting structure can receive electromagnetic eddy signals of the wheel tread, so that whether cracks or defects exist on the wheel tread is effectively judged.
The plurality of infrared distance measuring sensors electrically connected with the printed circuit board can detect the distance between the electromagnetic sensor and the wheel tread, so that the lifting height of the buffer lifting device is controlled, the detection precision of the electromagnetic sensor can be ensured, and the electromagnetic sensor is prevented from being scratched by the wheel tread.
The distance adjusting structure detachably arranged between the two detection steel rails can meet the detection requirements of locomotives with different specifications, so that the distance adjusting structure can realize the function of adjusting the distance between the two detection steel rails.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a connection structure between the electromagnetic detection probe, the wheel tread surface attaching device and the buffer lifting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic detection probe of the present invention for detecting a wheel;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. wheel, 11, wheel rim, 12, wheel tread, 13, crack, 14, defect; 2. detecting a steel rail 21, a wheel rim moving track 22, a base 23, a distance adjusting structure 231 and a gauge pull rod; 3. the electromagnetic detection device comprises an electromagnetic detection probe 31, an exciting coil 32, an electromagnetic sensor 33, an infrared distance measurement sensor 34 and a printed circuit board; 4. the wheel tread laminating device comprises a wheel tread laminating device 41, rollers 42, a roller bracket 43, a movable plate 44, a guide column 45, a spring 46, a main body frame 461 and a U-shaped groove; 5. the device comprises a buffer lifting device 51, a positioning bottom plate 52, a first driving motor 53, a worm box 54, a worm wheel box 55, a first lead screw 56, a lifting disc 57 and a connecting screw rod; 6. a moving advancing device 61, a U-shaped frame 62, a second lead screw 63, a second driving motor 64 and a screw nut; 7. detecting a starting induction device 71, a position sensor 72 and a position sensor fixing seat; 8. and an in-place detection stopping device 81 and a travel switch.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
A following type online electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device for a wheel tread is shown in a combined mode in figures 1 to 9 and comprises a detection steel rail 2, an electromagnetic detection probe 3, a wheel tread fitting device 4, a buffering lifting device 5 and a moving advancing device 6.
The two detection rails 2 are arranged in parallel with a certain distance for moving the wheel flange 11 at the upper part and exposing the wheel tread 12 to leave enough space for the electromagnetic detection probe 3. The detection steel rail 2 comprises a wheel rim moving track 21 and a base 22 arranged at the bottom end of the wheel rim moving track 21, the wheel rim moving track 21 is in contact with the wheel rim 11, the wheel rim moving track 21 is not in contact with the wheel tread 12, and the wheel tread 12 is in an overhead state.
The front end and the rear end of the detection steel rail 2 are normal track areas, the middle part of the detection steel rail 2 is a detection area, the design length of the detection area is 6 meters, a vehicle entrance area is occupied, extra occupied space is not needed for detection, the occupied area is greatly saved, and the detection is more convenient.
The top end of the wheel tread laminating device 4 is laminated with the wheel tread 12, and the top end is higher than the electromagnetic detection probe 3, so that the wheel can normally advance in the detection process, and the electromagnetic detection probe 3 can be prevented from being damaged by pressure.
The wheel tread surface attaching device 4 only attaches the wheel tread surface 12 to the wheel tread surface and does not play a supporting role, and the wheel can normally rotate on the wheel tread surface attaching device 4 under the power of a locomotive.
The wheel tread surface fitting device 4 comprises a main body frame 46, a U-shaped groove 461, a roller buffering structure and a roller 41. A U-shaped groove 461 is formed in the main body frame 46. The two rollers 41 are symmetrically and rotatably disposed on two sides of the U-shaped groove 461 through a roller buffer structure, and are attached to the wheel tread 12.
When the specification and model of the locomotive are changed, the model of the wheel is changed correspondingly, the arrangement of the roller buffer structure can ensure that the roller 41 can move up and down when being attached to the wheel tread 12 and can roll on the wheel tread 12, so that the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and the wheel tread 12 is kept constant, and the lifting height (distance) from the middle electromagnetic detection probe 3 to the wheel tread 12 can be limited. If the roller buffer structure is not arranged, when the specification and model of the wheel are changed, the contact position between the roller 41 and the wheel tread 12 is changed, and the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and the wheel tread 12 is changed because the wheel is arc-shaped, so that the locomotives with different specifications and models cannot be detected.
The roller buffering structure includes a roller bracket 42, a movable plate 43, a guide post 44, and a spring 45. The roller bracket 42 is rotatably disposed with the roller 41, and the roller 41 is disposed on the roller bracket 42 through a bearing. The movable plate 43 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the roller bracket 42, a guide post 44 is slidably arranged on the movable plate 43 in a penetrating manner, and the bottom end of the guide post 44 is fixed with the main body frame 46. The spring 45 is disposed at the periphery of the guide post 44, the top end of the spring 45 is fixed to the movable plate 43, and the bottom end is fixed to the main body frame 46.
The electromagnetic detection probes 3 are arranged on the outer sides of the two detection steel rails 2 at intervals along the same line, and the electromagnetic detection probes 3 are arranged on the wheel tread fitting device 4 and used for emitting a magnetic field to the wheel tread 12, magnetizing the wheel tread 12 and receiving electromagnetic eddy current signals of the wheel tread 12 to judge whether the wheel tread 12 has defects or not.
The invention is specially designed for the online wheel pair flaw detection of six-axis locomotives in a locomotive servicing yard, and is provided with three groups of electromagnetic detection probes, wherein each group of electromagnetic detection probes is provided with one pair, and the probes can respectively carry out flaw detection on three wheels on one side of the locomotive. The locomotive passes through the detection area at a set speed, and the travel is the wheel circumference. The wheel diameter is 860mm and the circumference is 2700.4 mm. The conformable roll length is therefore designed 2800mm to 3000 mm. Three groups of electromagnetic detection probes complete the full-circle flaw detection of six wheels of the locomotive.
The electromagnetic detection probe 3 comprises a magnetic field emission structure, a magnetic field receiving structure, an encoder and a plug. The magnetic field emission structure is fixedly arranged in the U-shaped slot 461 and is used for emitting a magnetic field. The magnetic field receiving structure is fixedly arranged on the magnetic field transmitting structure and used for receiving electromagnetic eddy current signals of the wheel tread 12.
The magnetic field emission structure includes a U-shaped field core fixedly disposed in the U-shaped groove 461, and an excitation coil 31 wound around the U-shaped field core. The U-shaped excitation iron core comprises electrical steel, the electrical steel is set to be U-shaped, and silicon steel sheets can also be adopted. Meanwhile, the function of supporting the PCB of the electromagnetic sensor is achieved. The excitation coil 31 is used for exciting a magnetic field after being electrified and magnetizing the wheel tread. The exciting coil is connected with an exciting circuit, and the exciting circuit is connected with the controller.
The controller in the invention adopts FPGA devices. The FPGA device comprises a data acquisition and processing module, a CPU, an Avalon bus, an SRAM controller, a FLASH controller and a differential calculation controller. Data interaction can be respectively carried out between the data acquisition and processing module and the Avalon bus, between the Avalon bus and the CPU, between the Avalon bus and the SRAM controller, between the Avalon bus and the FLASH controller and between the Avalon bus and the differential calculation controller. The difference calculation controller is capable of performing image processing.
The magnetic field receiving structure includes a printed wiring board 34 and an electromagnetic sensor 32. The printed circuit board 34 is transversely fixed at the middle part of the U-shaped excitation core through an aluminum support, and the printed circuit board 34 is a PCB. The electromagnetic sensor 32 is electrically connected to the top end surface of the printed wiring board 34 and is mounted on the center line portion of the printed wiring board 34. The signal output end of the electromagnetic sensor 32 is connected with a receiving circuit, information is transmitted to the AD converter through the receiving circuit, and the information is fed back to a data acquisition and processing module of the FPGA device after being subjected to AD conversion by the AD converter.
The electromagnetic sensors 32 of the present invention are a sensor array with a spatial resolution of 2.5 x 2.5mm, wherein the electromagnetic sensors are arranged in a row on the printed wiring board 34 with a pitch of 2.5 mm. The printed wiring board 34 was 115 × 25mm in size length × width, and 40 electromagnetic sensors (100 mm in total length) were arranged in the longitudinal direction.
The spacing between the electromagnetic sensor 32 and the bottom end of the wheel tread 12 is 1 mm.
The electromagnetic sensors 32 are arranged in a row, so that the wheel tread 12 can be better detected. The electromagnetic sensor 32 of the present invention may be of the HNC-300F type.
Still electric connection has a plurality of infrared ray range finding sensors 33 on the printed circuit board 34, and infrared ray range finding sensor 33 is used for detecting the interval between electromagnetic sensor 32 and the wheel tread 12, and then controls buffering elevating gear 5 and promotes the height to guarantee electromagnetic sensor 32 and detect the precision. The signal output terminal of the infrared ranging sensor 33 is connected to the input terminal of the receiving circuit. According to the invention, when the infrared distance measuring sensor 33 detects that the distance between the infrared distance measuring sensor and the wheel tread 12 is 1mm, a detection signal is fed back to the FPGA device, the infrared distance measuring sensor 33 is used for realizing accurate control of the distance between the infrared distance measuring sensor and the wheel tread by 1mm, the lifting height of the electromagnetic sensor from the wheel tread by 1mm can be ensured, the electromagnetic sensor is prevented from being scratched by the wheel tread, and meanwhile, the problem that the electromagnetic sensor is not far away from the wheel tread and loses the testing significance is caused. The infrared distance measuring sensor 33 of the present invention may be a GP2Y0A710KOF type infrared distance measuring sensor.
Each wheel tread surface jointing device 4 is arranged on the mobile advancing device 6 through a buffer lifting device 5.
The buffer lifting device 5 is used for popping up the electromagnetic detection probe 3 when the wheel tread 12 is detected, and can adjust the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and the wheel tread 12 to ensure that the distance between the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and the wheel tread 12 is unchanged. The buffering lifting device 5 can support the wheel tread laminating device 4, and before the wheel reaches the wheel tread laminating device 4, the wheel tread is slowly lifted, so that when the wheel tread runs to the vertical lower part of the electromagnetic sensor, the electromagnetic detection probe is lifted, and online follow-up detection is started. And the controlled end of the buffer lifting device 5 is connected to the output end of the FPGA device. The buffer lifting device 5 is a worm screw lifter, and can be arranged as other types of lifting devices.
The buffer lifting device 5 comprises a positioning bottom plate 51, a first driving motor 52, a worm wheel, a first lead screw 55, a lifting disc 56 and the first driving motor 52. The positioning bottom plate 51 is disposed at the lowermost end and is fixedly connected to the moving traveling device 6. The first lead screw 55 is rotatably provided on the positioning base plate 51. The worm wheel is provided on the first lead screw 55, is disposed concentrically with the first lead screw 55, and is disposed inside the worm gear case 54. The worm is fitted with the worm wheel and is disposed in the worm case 53. The first driving motor 52 is connected to the worm for driving the worm to rotate, and further driving the worm wheel and the first lead screw 55 to rotate, and the controlled end of the first driving motor 52 is connected to the output end of the FPGA device. The lifting disk 56 is attached to the tip of the first lead screw 55, and can perform a lifting function when the first lead screw 55 is rotated. The lifting plate 56 is fixedly connected with the main body frame 46 through a plurality of connecting screws 57.
The mobile advancing device 6 is used for driving the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and the buffer lifting device 5 to move, and the moving speed of the mobile advancing device is the same as that of the wheel 1, so that the circumferential comprehensive detection of the wheel tread 12 is realized, and the following, quick and online detection of a train can be realized. The controlled end of the mobile travelling device 6 is connected to the output end of the FPGA device.
The movement traveling device 6 includes a U-shaped frame 61, a second lead screw 62, a second drive motor 63, and a nut 64. The second lead screw 62 is rotatably arranged on the U-shaped frame 61 and is parallel to the detection steel rail 2. The second driving motor 63 is connected with the second lead screw 62 and used for driving the second lead screw 62 to rotate, and the controlled end of the second driving motor 63 is connected to the output end of the FPGA device. The number of the nuts 64 is the same as that of the electromagnetic detection probes 3, and the nuts 64 are fixedly arranged right below the positioning bottom plate 51 of the buffer lifting device 5. The nut 64 is assembled with the second lead screw 62, and can move when the second lead screw 62 rotates, so as to drive the buffer lifting device 5 and the electromagnetic detection probe 3 to move.
In order to meet the detection requirements of locomotives with different specifications, the distance adjusting structure can adjust the distance between the two detection steel rails 2, and the distance adjusting structure 23 is detachably arranged between the two detection steel rails 2.
The distance adjusting structure 23 includes a plurality of gauge rods 231 which are connected by screw threads and arranged between the two detection steel rails 2, and the gauge rods 231 are telescopic rods. The sleeper is also provided with a plurality of threaded holes at linear intervals. When the distance between the two detection steel rails needs to be adjusted, the two detection steel rails are respectively loosened from the sleeper, the gauge pull rod 231 can be stretched and shortened by pulling, the telescopic rod can be positioned by the positioning screw, and after the distance adjustment is finished, the two detection steel rails are positioned on the sleeper again.
In order to realize that the device can sense the position of a wheel when the wheel of the locomotive moves right above the electromagnetic detection probe 3, so that the device starts detection, a detection starting sensing device 7 is arranged below a wheel tread 12, the detection starting sensing device 7 and the electromagnetic detection probe 3 are arranged in the same line and are used for sensing the position of the wheel 1 to start detection, and the signal output end of the detection starting sensing device 7 is connected with the input end of an FPGA device. The number of the detection starting induction devices 7 is the same as that of the electromagnetic detection probes 3.
The detection start sensing device 7 includes a position sensor 71 and a position sensor holder 72. The position sensor 71 is arranged on the position sensor fixing seat 72, the position sensor 71 is positioned on the front side below the wheel tread, and the signal output end of the position sensor 71 is connected with the input end of the FPGA device. When the wheel moves to the front side below the electromagnetic detection probe 3 and does not reach the buffer lifting device, the position sensor 71 is just positioned below the wheel, and then the detection information is fed back to the FPGA device to excite the first driving motor in the buffer lifting device, so that the buffer lifting device is informed that the wheel reaches the detection preparation position, and the aim is to give a signal for starting the action of the buffer lifting device.
The position sensor in the invention is an infrared sensor, and a P228 type pyroelectric infrared sensor can be adopted.
In order to realize that the electromagnetic detection probe 3 can stop detection when the detection is finished, namely the detection is finished, the in-place detection stopping device 8 is arranged on the side wall of the detection steel rail 2 on the same side with the moving travelling device 6, and the signal output end of the in-place detection stopping device 8 is connected with the input end of the FPGA device. The detection in-place stopping device 8 touches the mobile advancing device 6 when the detection is finished, and feeds back information to the FPGA device to stop the detection.
The in-place detection stopping device 8 comprises a travel switch 81, and the signal output end of the travel switch 81 is connected to the input end of the FPGA device. The travel switches 81 are provided in the same number as the electromagnetic detection probes 3, and the set intervals are the same as the intervals between the wheels. In addition, the travel switches 81 are arranged in the same plane as the screw 64, so that the travel switches 81 can be touched when the screw 64 moves to the position, and the FPGA device control device stops detecting when all the travel switches 81 are touched simultaneously.
The power cord and the signal line of electromagnetic detection probe 3 and buffering elevating gear 5 set up in the tow chain, and the tow chain is used for can marcing under the drive of mobile advancing device 6, and then guarantees that power cord and signal line can not take place the chaotic condition, and can guarantee that electromagnetic detection probe 3 and buffering elevating gear 5's power cord and signal line can not appear cracked condition at the removal in-process.
The process of detecting the train wheels is as follows.
And S1, the wheel flange 11 of the locomotive wheel is contacted with the wheel flange moving track 21, the wheel tread 12 is in a suspended state and is exposed out of the wheel flange moving track 21, a plurality of pairs of wheel supports of the locomotive are arranged on the wheel flange moving track 21, and the whole locomotive is supported by the wheel flange 11.
S2, the locomotive drives into the detection area of the detection rail 2 at a set speed. When the wheel 1 moves directly above the position sensor 71, the position sensor 71 feeds back detection information to the FPGA device.
And S3, controlling the buffer lifting device 5 to operate by the FPGA device. The FPGA device controls the first driving motor 52 to start, the first driving motor 52 drives the worm to rotate, the worm wheel and the first lead screw 55 are further driven to rotate, and the first lead screw 55 can drive the lifting disc 56 and the wheel tread laminating device 4 and the electromagnetic detection probe 3 which are fixedly arranged above the lifting disc 56 to move upwards while rotating.
S4, in the process of moving the wheel tread surface jointing device 4 upwards, the roller 41 is jointed with the wheel tread surface 12, the roller 41 moves downwards under the action of the wheel tread surface 12, the roller bracket 42 and the movable plate 43 move downwards along the guide post 44, and the spring 45 is compressed. When the electromagnetic sensor 32 in the electromagnetic detection probe 3 moves to a distance of 1mm from the wheel tread 12, the distance from the infrared distance measuring sensor 33 to the wheel tread 12 is also 1mm, the infrared distance measuring sensor 33 feeds back a detection signal to the FPGA device, and the FPGA device controls the buffer lifting device 5 to stop moving upwards.
And S5, controlling the second driving motor 63 in the moving device 6 to operate by the FPGA device, driving the second lead screw 62 to rotate by the second driving motor 63, further driving the screw 64, the electromagnetic detection probe 3 arranged above the screw 64, the wheel tread laminating device 4 and the buffer lifting device 5 to move forwards, and moving synchronously with the wheel 1. At this time, the wheel 1 is in contact with the roller 41 and can rotate relative to the roller 41.
S6, in step S5, the FPGA device controls the energizing coil to be electrified to emit a magnetic field in the direction of the wheel tread 12, the wheel tread 12 is magnetized because the wheel tread 12 is a metal conductor, when the wheel tread has a defect, the wheel tread 12 generates an electromagnetic eddy current signal, the electromagnetic eddy current signal is received by the electromagnetic sensor 32, the electromagnetic sensor 32 transmits the received information to a receiving circuit, the information is transmitted to the FPGA device after AD conversion, the FPGA device judges the condition of the defect 14 on the wheel tread 12 according to the receiving condition of the magnetic field, and therefore the shape, the size and the depth of the defect are judged.
And S7, the moving advancing device 6 continues to move forwards, when all the nuts 64 simultaneously touch the travel switch 81, the travel switch 81 feeds back detection information to the FPGA device, the FPGA device controls the buffer lifting device 5 to move back downwards to the initial position, and then controls the moving advancing device 6 to move back backwards to the initial position, so that the detection of the wheels of the locomotive is completed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an online wheel tread electromagnetism nondestructive test probe unit of following formula which characterized in that: the wheel tread detection device comprises two detection steel rails (2) which are parallel to each other and have a certain distance, the detection steel rails are used for enabling a wheel rim (11) to move at the upper part and enabling a wheel tread (12) to be exposed, and a plurality of pairs of electromagnetic detection probes (3) which are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two detection steel rails (2) at the same line interval and used for transmitting magnetic fields to the wheel tread (12) and receiving eddy magnetic fields of the wheel tread (12) to judge whether defects exist on the wheel tread (12), the electromagnetic detection probes (3) are arranged on a wheel tread bonding device (4) which is used for ensuring that a wheel normally travels in a detection process and preventing the electromagnetic detection probes (3) from being damaged by pressure, the top end of the wheel tread bonding device (4) is bonded with the wheel tread (12) and the top end of the wheel tread bonding device (4) is higher than that the electromagnetic detection probes (3) are arranged, and each wheel tread bonding device (4) is used for popping up the 3) The buffer lifting device (5) which is spaced from the wheel tread (12) is arranged on a moving device (6) which is used for driving the electromagnetic detection probe (3) and the buffer lifting device (5) to move and has the same moving speed with the wheel (1) so as to realize circumferential overall detection of the wheel tread (12).
2. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wheel tread laminating device (4) comprises a main body frame (46), a U-shaped groove (461) formed in the main body frame (46) and two rollers (41) which are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on two sides of the U-shaped groove (461) through a roller buffering structure and are laminated with a wheel tread (12).
3. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the roller buffering structure comprises a roller support (42) rotatably arranged with a roller (41) and a movable plate (43) fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the roller support (42), a guide column (44) with the bottom end fixed with a main body frame (46) is arranged on the movable plate (43) in a sliding and penetrating mode, and a spring (45) with the top end fixed with the movable plate (43) and the bottom end fixed with the main body frame (46) is arranged on the periphery of the guide column (44).
4. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electromagnetic detection probe (3) comprises a magnetic field transmitting structure which is fixedly arranged in the U-shaped groove (461) and used for transmitting a magnetic field and a magnetic field receiving structure which is fixedly arranged on the magnetic field transmitting structure and used for receiving electromagnetic eddy current signals of the wheel tread (12).
5. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the magnetic field emission structure comprises a U-shaped excitation iron core fixedly arranged in the U-shaped groove (461) and an excitation coil (31) wound on the U-shaped excitation iron core.
6. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the magnetic field receiving structure comprises a printed circuit board (34) transversely and fixedly arranged in the middle of the U-shaped excitation iron core and a row of electromagnetic sensors (32) electrically connected to the top end face of the printed circuit board (34).
7. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the printed circuit board (34) is also electrically connected with a plurality of infrared distance measuring sensors (33) which are used for detecting the distance between the electromagnetic sensor (32) and the wheel tread (12) and further controlling the lifting height of the buffer lifting device (5) so as to ensure the detection precision of the electromagnetic sensor (32).
8. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance adjusting structure (23) used for adjusting the distance between the two detection steel rails (2) to meet the detection requirements of locomotives with different specifications is detachably arranged between the two detection steel rails (2).
9. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises a detection starting induction device (7) which is arranged in the same line with the electromagnetic detection probe (3) and is positioned below the wheel tread (12) and used for inducing the position of the wheel (1) to start detection, and a detection in-place stopping device (8) which is arranged on the side wall of the detection steel rail (2) at the same side with the mobile travelling device (6) and used for contacting with the mobile travelling device (6) to stop detection when the detection is finished.
10. The following type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive testing probe device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power line and the signal line of the electromagnetic detection probe (3) and the buffer lifting device (5) are arranged in a drag chain which can move under the driving of the mobile moving device (6).
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| CN202010322153.3A CN111391882B (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Follow-type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device |
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| CN202010322153.3A CN111391882B (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Follow-type online wheel tread electromagnetic nondestructive detection probe device |
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| CN111391882B true CN111391882B (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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