CN111390509B - Deformation control processing technique for thin-wall arc-shaped frame - Google Patents

Deformation control processing technique for thin-wall arc-shaped frame Download PDF

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CN111390509B
CN111390509B CN202010322609.6A CN202010322609A CN111390509B CN 111390509 B CN111390509 B CN 111390509B CN 202010322609 A CN202010322609 A CN 202010322609A CN 111390509 B CN111390509 B CN 111390509B
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arc
shaped frame
rib
stress
deformation
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CN111390509A (en
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刘元吉
王慧
姜振喜
陈清良
匡勇
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass

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Abstract

A deformation control processing technique method of a thin-wall arc-shaped frame is used for deformation control of airplane thin-wall arc-shaped frame parts and comprises rough processing and leaving process ribs; aging, releasing deformation and stress, and trimming without stress; semi-finishing, further removing machining allowance and finishing without stress; fine machining, and removing a process boss; cutting off the process rib, then performing aging, and releasing the machining stress; positioning through a positioning pin and a tool, connecting the process ribs by using an auxiliary connecting block and a screw, and correcting the shape of the arc-shaped frame; the process ribs are removed by subsequent assembly processes. The method can effectively control the warping and the expansion deformation of the arc frame type parts, fully release the internal stress of the parts before delivery, prevent the parts from distorting and deforming, and ensure the quality and the precision of assembly.

Description

Deformation control processing technique for thin-wall arc-shaped frame
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deformation control processing method for a thin-wall arc-shaped frame, and belongs to the field of numerical control processing.
Background
With the development of aviation technology, the performance indexes of modern airplanes, such as maneuvering performance, flight performance, service life, low manufacturing cost, and the like, are continuously improved, and aviation structural members are gradually developed towards large-scale, integration, thin-wall and the like. Taking an arc frame of an airplane canopy as an example, in order to meet the requirements of usability and light weight, the parts are generally designed in a thin-wall and open mode, so that the integral rigidity of the parts is weak; the arc frame is generally designed in a single face, one face is a smooth face positioning face or has few characteristics, the other side is an assembly characteristic face, due to the fact that the material removal amount is large and uneven, the part is warped and expanded and deformed after being machined, the part is in a twisting and deforming state, and the accuracy of an assembly positioning hole and a reference face cannot be guaranteed, as shown in the attached drawing 1. Because the arc frame is generally used as an assembly reference of the canopy, the accuracy of the arc frame affects the subsequent assembly accuracy and quality, and therefore the deformation control of the parts is particularly important.
At present, in order to realize stable processing of thin-wall arc frame type parts, under the condition of meeting the assembly requirement, the number of process bosses at two ends of the parts is generally increased, although the rigidity of the parts in the numerical control processing process is increased to a certain extent by increasing the number of the process bosses, the overall structural characteristics of the arc frames of the parts are not changed, and the distortion generated by the warping-expanding compounding of the parts cannot be effectively controlled.
Due to the problems of large deformation, insufficient stress release and the like of the arc frame parts, the existing process scheme can not meet the current processing requirement, and a new process method is urgently needed to control the deformation of the arc frame parts, so that the processing and assembling quality of the parts is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a deformation control processing method for a thin-wall arc frame, aiming at the problems of large deformation, insufficient stress release and the like of the existing arc frame parts.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a deformation control processing technique method of a thin-wall arc-shaped frame comprises the steps of rough machining, aging, stress-free face trimming, semi-finishing and stress-free face trimming; fine machining, cutting off the process ribs, aging, connecting the process ribs and correcting the shape; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), rough machining is conducted, 5-6 mm of allowance is reserved on the side face of the arc-shaped frame, and the allowance of the top face is determined according to the thickness of a blank; leaving a process rib for connection between the process boss and the two ends of the arc-shaped frame;
step 2), aging, namely loosening all the pressing devices, wherein the natural aging of the parts is not less than 48 hours;
step 3) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 4), semi-finishing, wherein the process allowance is 2-3 mm on the side surface, and the allowance on the top surface is determined according to the thickness of the blank;
step 5) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 6), fine machining, namely, finely milling parts in place and cutting off all process bosses;
step 7), cutting off the process rib, and cutting off the process rib by using a small-diameter cutter at the middle position of the process rib;
step 8), aging for 48 hours, and releasing stress and deformation;
step 9), connecting process ribs, positioning the arc-shaped frame by using a tool and a positioning pin, and connecting the process ribs after the tool is attached;
step 10), shape correction is carried out, and the shape correction is carried out on the arc-shaped frame;
and 11) removing the process ribs.
Further, the distance L between the process bosses left in the step 1)1=250~300mm
Further, the step 7) is to cut off the opening size L of the process rib4=5~10mm。
Furthermore, the width dimension L of the process rib2=20~25mm,t1=5~10mm,t2=t3,t2Is the thickness, t, of the process rib at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3The thickness L of the arc frame web plate at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3=15~20mm。
Further, the connecting block 7 has a size L6=100~105mm,L7=L2,t4= 10-15 mm, and the distances between 4-phi 8 holes and 8 holes are respectively L8=25mm,L9=20mm,L10=25mm。
Further, the process ribs are connected and fixed through screws by adopting connecting blocks in the step 9).
Further, the process rib in the step 11) is removed in a subsequent assembly process.
In the invention, the deformation of the thin-wall arc-shaped frame part in the numerical control machining process is mainly the combined action of two forms of warping and expanding, so that the two deformation forms are controlled by respectively designing process schemes. The part buckling deformation is mainly generated by the residual stress of blank materials, the redistribution of stress after the materials are removed in the numerical control machining process and other factors, and is effectively controlled by setting the procedures of rough machining, semi-finish machining and finish machining for separation and the aging procedure.
The expansion deformation of the part is greatly influenced by the structural characteristics of the thin-wall arc-shaped frame part, and the arc-shaped frame is designed in a thin-wall and open mode, so that the overall structural characteristics of the arc-shaped frame cannot be changed by the measures of optimizing machining allowance and cutting parameters, setting a process boss and the like, and the expansion deformation effect of the part is poor.
The thin-wall arc frame is generally designed in an open mode, the distance between two ends is large, the rigidity of a part is weak, and the double-face machining allowance is uneven, so that the part is easy to warp and expand and deform in the machining process.
The method can effectively control the warping and the expansion deformation of the arc frame type parts, so that the internal stress of the parts is fully released before delivery, the parts are prevented from being distorted and deformed, and the quality and the precision of assembly are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc frame type part.
Fig. 2 is a backward schematic view of the structure of an arc frame type part.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a curved frame type part with a process rib.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the boss arrangement connection.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of process ribs.
Fig. 6 is a view a-a in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the cutting of a process rib.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the arc frame correction.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the connection mode of the process ribs.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a connection position block of a process rib.
Fig. 11 is a view B-B in fig. 9.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the parts prior to arc frame delivery assembly.
In the figure, 1, an arc frame positioning hole; 2. an arc frame positioning surface; 3. processing ribs; 4. an arc frame; 5. assembling; 6. positioning pins; 7. connecting blocks; 8. an aperture; 9. a threaded hole; 10. and (4) screws.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
The invention relates to a deformation control processing technique method of a thin-wall arc-shaped frame, which comprises the steps of rough machining, aging, stress-free surface modification, semi-finishing and stress-free surface modification; fine machining, cutting off the process ribs, aging, connecting the process ribs and correcting the shape; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), rough machining is conducted, 5-6 mm of allowance is reserved on the side face of the arc-shaped frame, and the allowance of the top face is determined according to the thickness of a blank; leaving a process rib 3 for connection between the process boss and the two ends of the arc frame;
step 2), aging, namely loosening all the pressing devices, wherein the natural aging of the parts is not less than 48 hours;
step 3) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 4), semi-finishing, wherein the process allowance is 2-3 mm on the side surface, and the allowance on the top surface is determined according to the thickness of the blank;
step 5) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 6), fine machining, namely, finely milling parts in place and cutting off all process bosses;
step 7), cutting off the process rib, and cutting off the process rib by using a small-diameter cutter at the middle position of the process rib;
step 8), aging for 48 hours, and releasing stress and deformation;
step 9), connecting process ribs, positioning the arc-shaped frame by using a tool and a positioning pin, and connecting the process ribs after the tool is attached;
step 10), shape correction is carried out, and the shape correction is carried out on the arc-shaped frame;
and 11) removing the process ribs.
Example 2
In the invention, the deformation of the thin-wall arc-shaped frame part in the numerical control machining process is mainly the combined action of two forms of warping and expanding, so that the two deformation forms are controlled by respectively designing process schemes, as shown in figures 1 to 12.
The part buckling deformation is mainly generated by the residual stress of blank materials, the redistribution of stress after the materials are removed in the numerical control machining process and other factors, the part buckling deformation is controlled through the steps of rough machining, semi-finish machining, finish machining and separation, and the aging step, and the technical process is divided into rough machining; aging, releasing deformation and stress, and trimming without stress; semi-finishing, further removing machining allowance and finishing without stress; and (5) fine machining and removing the process boss.
The first step is as follows: roughly milling parts, reserving 5-6 mm of process allowance on the side surface, determining the allowance on the top surface according to the thickness of a blank, and using a milling cutter with the diameter phi of 20-phi 25 mm. Removing large allowance, leaving process bosses on the part, and keeping the space L between adjacent bosses1And = 250-300 mm, as shown in figure 3.
The second step is that: naturally aging, namely loosening all the pressing devices, wherein the natural aging of the parts is not less than 48 hours;
the third step: and (4) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area.
And fourthly, semi-finish milling the part, wherein the process allowance is reserved on the side face of the part and is 2-3 mm, the allowance on the top face is determined according to the thickness of the blank, and the diameter phi of a milling cutter is 20-phi 25 mm.
The fifth step: and (4) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area.
And a sixth step: and (5) finely milling the parts in place, and cutting off all the process bosses.
The part expansion deformation is greatly influenced by the structural characteristics of the thin-wall arc-shaped frame part, the arc-shaped frame structural characteristics are thin-wall and open design, the overall structural characteristics of the arc-shaped frame cannot be changed by the measures such as optimization of machining allowance and cutting parameters, setting of a process boss and the like, the expansion deformation effect of the control part is poor, the deformation control is performed by the mode of setting a process rib, and meanwhile, the process method for failure after the process rib is cut off, correction after connection and removal after assembly is set in the machining process, and the method is specifically as follows:
the thin-wall arc frame is generally designed in an open mode, the distance between two ends is larger than or equal to 700mm, so that the rigidity of a part is weak, and the double-face machining allowance is uneven, so that the part is easy to warp and expand and deform in the machining process, and therefore, process ribs need to be added to inhibit the deformation of the part. The invention adopts a mode of arranging the process ribs on the part positioning surface, the process ribs and the part positioning surface participate in positioning together in the processing process, the process ribs are close to the tail ends of the two sides of the arc frame as much as possible under the condition of meeting the requirements of no interference in assembly and feed space, and the width dimension L of the process ribs2=20~25mm,t1=5~10mm,t2=t3,t2Is the thickness, t, of the process rib at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3The thickness L of the arc frame web plate at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3= 15-20 mm, and the joint between the process rib 3 and the part is shown in fig. 5 and 6. In the machining process, the process ribs can be machined as a part of the part, the allowance of the top surface is consistent with that of the part, and the side surface is milled in place during rough machining.
And (3) cutting off the process 3 after finishing the finish machining of the arc frame, wherein the specific requirements are as follows:
the internal stress of the part is not completely released because the process rib is always in a connected state in the machining process. The invention provides a stress release mode, namely after finishing finish machining of an arc frame, cutting off a process rib 3 at the middle position of the process rib 3 by a small cutter, wherein the opening size L is4And = 5-10 mm. And (3) naturally aging the cut part for 48 hours to fully release stress and deformation, wherein the cut part of the process rib is shown in figure 7.
Connecting the cut technological ribs 3, wherein the specific requirements are as follows:
firstly, the arc frame positioning surface 2 is attached to the upper surface of a positioning tool 5, two positioning pins 6 are inserted into the arc frame positioning holes 1 to connect the arc frame with the positioning tool, and the distance L between the positioning holes on the tool 5 is5The theoretical distance between the two arc frame positioning holes 1 is shown in fig. 8.
Connecting the cut technological ribs 3 by using connecting blocks 7 with the size L of the connecting blocks6=100~105mm,L7=L2,t4= 10-15 mm, firstly, placing the connecting block on the upper surface of the process rib, and then placing the connecting block on the upper surface of the process rib4 phi 8 holes 8 are used as references to be drilled and tapped on the process rib to form a threaded hole 9, then the connecting block 7 and the process rib 3 are screwed and fixed by a screw 10, and the effective length of the screw 10 is less than or equal to t1+t4As shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11. The positioning pin 6 and the positioned tool 5 are removed, and the state before the delivery of the part is as shown in fig. 12.
And removing the process ribs in the assembling process according to actual requirements.
Example 3
The invention provides a deformation control processing method of a thin-wall arc-shaped frame, which comprises the steps of rough processing and leaving a process rib 3; aging, releasing deformation and stress, and trimming without stress; semi-finishing, further removing machining allowance and finishing without stress; fine machining, and removing a process boss; cutting off the process rib 3, then aging, and releasing the processing stress; positioning through a positioning pin 6 and a tool 5, connecting the technological ribs 3 by using an auxiliary connecting block 7 and a screw 10, and correcting the shape of the arc-shaped frame 4; the process rib 3 is removed by the subsequent assembly process, and the specific implementation content and the notice are as follows:
1) roughing
The allowance of 5-6 mm is reserved on the side surface, and the allowance of the top surface is determined according to the thickness of the blank; leaving a technological boss and a space L between adjacent bosses1= 250-300 mm; leaving the process ribs 3, wherein the process ribs 3 are as close to the tail ends of the two sides of the arc frame as possible, and the width dimension L of the process ribs 32=20~25mm,t1=5~10mm,t2=t3,t2Is the thickness, t, of the process rib at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3The thickness L of the arc frame web plate at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3And = 15-20 mm. The side surface of the technological rib 3 is processed in place, the allowance in the thickness direction is consistent with the allowance of the part, and t1The final thickness dimension of the process bar 3 is formed by a finishing process.
2) Natural aging of
Loosening all the pressing devices, and naturally aging the parts for not less than 48 hours;
3) stress-free shaving
A gasket is used for compacting a gap generated by part deformation, then the part is compressed, and a boss of the milling process and the top surface of the part participate in a positioning area;
4) semi-finishing
The side surface is provided with a process allowance of 2-3 mm, and the top surface allowance is determined according to the blank thickness.
5) Stress-free shaving
A gasket is used for compacting a gap generated by part deformation, then the part is compressed, and a boss of the milling process and the top surface of the part participate in a positioning area;
6) finish milling parts and cutting process rib 3
And (5) finely milling the parts in place, and cutting off all the process bosses. And cutting the process rib 3 at the middle position of the process rib 3 by using a small-diameter cutter, wherein the opening size L4= 5-10 mm. And naturally aging the cut part for 48 hours to fully release stress and deformation.
7) Connecting process rib 3
At first, two positioning pins 6 are used for connecting the arc-shaped frame 4 with the positioning tool 5, and the positioning surface of the arc-shaped frame 4 is ensured to be attached to the upper surface of the tool 5. Then, the connecting block 7 is placed on the upper surface of the technological rib 3, holes are drilled and tapped on the technological rib 3 by taking the holes with the diameter of 4-phi 8 on the connecting block as a reference, a 4-M6 threaded hole 9 is formed, and finally the connecting block 7 and the technological rib 3 are screwed and fixed by a 4-M6 screw 10.
8) Part delivery and removal process rib 3
According to actual needs, the process ribs 3 are removed in the assembling process.

Claims (7)

1. A deformation control processing technique method of a thin-wall arc-shaped frame is characterized by comprising the steps of rough machining, aging, stress-free face trimming, semi-finishing and stress-free face trimming; fine machining, cutting off the process ribs, aging, connecting the process ribs and correcting the shape; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), rough machining is conducted, 5-6 mm of allowance is reserved on the side face of the arc-shaped frame, and the allowance of the top face is determined according to the thickness of a blank; leaving a process rib for connection between the process boss and the two ends of the arc-shaped frame;
step 2), aging, namely loosening all the pressing devices, wherein the natural aging of the parts is not less than 48 hours;
step 3) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 4), semi-finishing, wherein the process allowance is 2-3 mm on the side surface, and the allowance on the top surface is determined according to the thickness of the blank;
step 5) carrying out stress-free face trimming, using a gasket to cushion a gap generated by part deformation, then pressing the part, and milling a boss of the process and the top surface of the part to participate in a positioning area;
step 6), fine machining, namely, finely milling parts in place and cutting off all process bosses;
step 7), cutting off the process rib, and cutting off the process rib by using a small-diameter cutter at the middle position of the process rib;
step 8), aging for 48 hours, and releasing stress and deformation;
step 9), connecting process ribs, positioning the arc-shaped frame by using a tool and a positioning pin, and connecting the process ribs after the tool is attached;
step 10), shape correction is carried out, and the shape correction is carried out on the arc-shaped frame;
and 11) removing the process ribs.
2. The deformation control processing method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 1, wherein the distance L between the process bosses reserved in the step 1) is L1=250~300mm。
3. The deformation control processing method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 1, wherein the step 7) is characterized in that the cut opening size L of the process rib is4=5~10mm。
4. The deformation control processing method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 1, wherein the process rib has a width dimension L2=20~25mm,t1=5~10mm,t1Is the final thickness dimension, t, of the process rib (3)2=t3,t2Is the thickness, t, of the process rib at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3The thickness L of the arc frame web plate at the joint of the arc frame and the process rib3=15~20mm,L3Is t2Thickness of the process bead.
5. The deformation control processing method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9), the process ribs are fixedly connected through screws by adopting connecting blocks (7).
6. The deformation control processing method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 5, characterized in that the dimension L of the connecting block (7)6=100~105mm,L7=L2,t4= 10-15 mm, and the distance between 4 phi 8 holes (8) is L8=25mm,L9=20mm,L10=25mm,L6Is the length of the connecting block (7), L7Is the width of the connecting block (7), t4Is the thickness of the connecting block (7), L8Is the distance between two phi 8 holes on the left side of the connecting block (7), L9Is the distance between two phi 8 holes in the middle of the connecting block (7), L10The distance between two phi 8 holes on the right side of the connecting block (7).
7. The deformation control machining process method for the thin-wall arc-shaped frame according to claim 1, wherein the process ribs in the step 11) are removed in a subsequent assembly process.
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CN112008436B (en) * 2020-07-29 2022-05-10 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Multi-feature thin-wall plate part machining method based on initial residual stress release of blank
CN112139761B (en) * 2020-08-21 2022-01-25 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Numerical control machining method for controlling machining deformation of large aluminum alloy wall plate part
CN112192159B (en) * 2020-10-12 2022-06-21 贵州航天电子科技有限公司 Hollow frame part machining method
CN113501138B (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-11-30 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Method for increasing rigidity of finishing process of aircraft component
CN113742979B (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-08-04 山东大学深圳研究院 Positioning point optimal arrangement method for clamping thin-wall arc-shaped piece
CN114406719B (en) * 2022-03-28 2022-07-15 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Long beam part machining deformation control method
CN115156858A (en) * 2022-08-08 2022-10-11 贵州航天电子科技有限公司 U-shaped open type part and machining method thereof

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