CN111385059B - Method and apparatus for polar coded modulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a polar code modulation method which can reduce the complexity of constructing a polar code. The method comprises the following steps: determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization sub-channels of a polarization code with the code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the modulation polarization parameter set comprises one or more modulation polarization parameters, the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used for determining the polarization weight generated by polarization encoding under high-order modulation so that the N polarization sub-channels are polarized, and N is not less than 1 and is an integer; determining the sequencing of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels, and performing polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequencing of the reliability to obtain a codeword sequence; carrying out high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; a sequence of modulation symbols is transmitted.

Description

Method and apparatus for polar coded modulation

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of channel coding, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for polar coded modulation.

Background

Polar codes (polar codes) are a structured channel coding method that has been strictly proven in theory to achieve channel capacity, and have been developed in recent years. In practical communication systems, higher order modulation is typically used to improve spectrum utilization. Therefore, the combination of polar codes and high-order modulation is also getting more and more attention in order to achieve joint optimization of coded modulation. At present, the polar coded modulation mainly adopts a Bit Interleaved Polar Coded Modulation (BIPCM) framework. In the BIPCM framework, the transmitting end removes correlation between bits by adding a bit-level interleaver between an encoder and a modulator. The receiving end carries out parallel demodulation on the received signals to obtain soft information of the bit sequence transmitted by the transmitting end, and then polarization decoding is carried out.

In the BIPCM framework, an M-system modulation input channel can be decomposed into M parallel modulation sub-channels, M is larger than or equal to 1, M is larger than or equal to 1, and M and M are integers. According to the channel capacity equivalence criterion, the noise variance of binary Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) equal to the capacity of the m modulation sub-channels can be obtained. And finally, calculating the reliability of each polarized sub-channel by adopting Gaussian approximation iteration, and constructing a polarized code.

However, the complexity of the gaussian approximation iterative computation is very high, and practical use in an actual communication system is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a method and a device for polarization coding modulation, which can reduce the complexity of calculating the reliability of a polarization subchannel.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of polar coded modulation, the method comprising: determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization sub-channels of a polarization code with the code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the modulation polarization parameter set comprises one or more modulation polarization parameters, the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used for determining the polarization weight generated by polarization encoding under high-order modulation so that the N polarization sub-channels are polarized, and N is not less than 1 and is an integer; determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weight of the N polarized sub-channels, and carrying out polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence; carrying out high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; a sequence of modulation symbols is transmitted.

According to the technical scheme, the transmitting end can also determine the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channels without adopting Gaussian approximation iterative computation, so that the sequence of the reliability of the polarization sub-channels is determined, and polarization coding is performed in a high-order modulation scene. The complexity of calculating the reliability of the polarized sub-channel can be reduced because complex and tedious Gaussian approximation iterative calculation is avoided.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, determining, according to a modulation polarization parameter set, polarization weights of N polarization subchannels of a polarization code with a code length N includes: the index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n) I is not less than 0 and not more than N-1, i is an integer; according to the toneBinary representation i ═ of (i) polarization parameter set and sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) And determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first part polarization weight and a second part polarization weight, and the first part polarization weight is expressed according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being expressed in binary according to the index i

Partially determined, where m is determined according to the modulation order and n is the number of bits in the binary representation of the sequence number i.

In other words, the first partial polarization weight is a polarization weight generated by polarization encoding under high-order modulation so that the sub-channel is polarized. The second partial polarization weight is only the polarization weight resulting from polarization encoding causing the sub-channels to be polarized.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, determining, according to the modulation parameter set and a binary representation of a sequence number i, a polarization weight of a polarization subchannel corresponding to the sequence number i includes: and determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i according to the following formula:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for determining the polarization weight of the first portion,

for determining the polarization weight of the second portion,

for modulating the polarization parameter set, β ═ 0.25, a_iThe value of the ith bit of the binary representation of the sequence number i, a_i∈{0,1}。

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, before determining the reliability of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the sequence number i according to a formula, the method further includes: traversing modulation polarization parameter sets

Selecting a group of values which enable the upper bound of the error rate to be minimum, wherein the upper bound of the error rate is the sum of the error probabilities of the N polarized sub-channels; determining the polarization weights of N polarized sub-channels of a polarization code with the code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the polarization weights comprise: and determining the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to a group of values of the modulation polarization parameter set which minimizes the upper bound of the error rate.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for polar coded modulation, which has the function of implementing the method in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof. The functions can be realized by hardware, and the functions can also be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above functions.

In one possible design, when part or all of the functions are implemented by hardware, the apparatus includes: the input interface circuit is used for acquiring a bit sequence to be coded; a logic circuit for; and the output interface circuit is used for outputting.

In a particular implementation, the apparatus may be a chip or an integrated circuit.

In one possible design, when part or all of the functions are implemented by software, the apparatus includes: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for executing a computer program stored in a memory, which when executed, may implement the method of polar coded modulation as described in the first aspect above or in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect.

Alternatively, the memory may be a physically separate unit or may be integrated with the processor.

In one possible design, the apparatus includes only a processor when part or all of the functions are implemented in software. Wherein a memory for storing the computer program is located outside the apparatus, and the processor is connected to the memory through a circuit/wire, and is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of polar coded modulation in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a network device comprising a processor and a memory. The memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for calling and executing the computer program stored in the memory, so that the network device executes the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

It is to be understood that in the downlink transmission, the network device, as a transmitting end of information and/or data, performs the method of polar coded modulation in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a terminal device comprising a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer program stored in the memory, so that the terminal device executes the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In uplink transmission, the terminal device serves as a transmitting end of information and/or data, and performs the method of polar code modulation in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising computer program code which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of the first aspect and any one of its possible implementations.

In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a chip comprising a processor. The processor is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.

Optionally, the chip further comprises a memory, and the memory and the processor are connected with the memory through a circuit or a wire.

Further optionally, the chip further includes a communication interface, and the processor is connected to the communication interface. The communication interface is used for receiving a bit sequence to be coded, the processor acquires the bit sequence to be coded from the communication interface, and performs polarization coding and modulation on the bit sequence to be coded by adopting the polarization coding modulation method described in the first aspect to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; the communication interface is further configured to output a sequence of modulation symbols. In particular, the communication interface may comprise an input interface and an output interface.

According to the technical scheme, the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channels can be calculated without adopting Gaussian approximation iterative computation at the sending end, and then the sequence of the reliability of the polarization sub-channels is determined to carry out polarization coding. The complexity of calculating the reliability of the polarized sub-channel can be reduced because complex and tedious Gaussian approximation iterative calculation is avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an architecture diagram of a wireless communication system suitable for use in the present application.

Fig. 2 is a basic flow diagram of wireless communication.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a BIPCM frame.

Fig. 4 (a) and (b) show schematic diagrams of the first-order polarization and the multi-order polarization processes, respectively.

Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method of polar coded modulation provided in the present application.

Fig. 6 is an equivalent flow of a processing flow of a transmitting end under the BIPCM framework.

Fig. 7 is an example of a polar code with a code length N of 8 and a modulation order m of 2.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the value of α determined according to the upper bound of the error rate in the modulation scenario of 16 QAM.

Fig. 9 is a graph comparing the performance of the method provided by the present application with the gaussian approximation algorithm under various signal-to-noise ratios with a code length N of 1024.

Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the performance of the method provided by the present application with the gaussian approximation algorithm under various signal-to-noise ratios with a code length N of 512.

Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 500 for bit interleaved polar coded modulation provided herein.

Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 600 provided in the present application.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing apparatus 601.

Fig. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of the network device 3000 provided in the present application.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 7000 provided in the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The technical solution of the present application can be applied to a wireless communication system, including but not limited to: narrowband band-Internet of things (NB-IoT), global system for mobile communications (GSM), enhanced data rate GSM evolution (EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA2000), time division synchronous code division multiple access (time division-synchronization code division multiple access, emtd-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and next generation 5G mobile communication systems, i.e., enhanced mobile bandwidth (emb), high reliability low latency communication (llc-enhanced) and mass communication (tc).

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is an architecture diagram of a wireless communication system suitable for use with the present application. As shown in fig. 1, a wireless communication system generally includes cells, each of which includes a Base Station (BS) that provides communication services to a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs). Such as MS1 and MS2 shown in fig. 1. The base station is connected to the core network device.

A base station is a device deployed in a radio access network to provide wireless communication functions for MSs. The base stations may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also referred to as small stations), relay stations, access points, and the like. In systems using different radio access technologies, the names of devices that function as base stations may differ. For example, in an LTE system, a base station is called an evolved node B (eNB or eNodeB), and in a third Generation (3rd Generation,3G) system, a base station is called a node B (node B), etc. For convenience of description, the base station may include a baseband unit (BBU) and a Remote Radio Unit (RRU). The BBU and RRU may be placed in different places. For example: RRU is remote and placed in an area with high telephone traffic, and BBU is placed in a central machine room. The BBU and the RRU can also be placed in the same machine room. The BBU and RRU can also be different components under one chassis. In all embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned apparatuses providing a wireless communication function for an MS are collectively referred to as a network device or a base station or a BS.

An MS referred to in this application may include various handheld devices, vehicle mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem with wireless communication capabilities. The MS may also be referred to as a terminal (terminal), a subscriber unit (subscriber unit), a cellular phone (cellular phone), a smart phone (smart phone), a wireless data card, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) computer, a tablet computer, a wireless modem (modem), a handheld device (handset), a laptop computer (laptop computer), a Machine Type Communication (MTC) terminal, and the like.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a basic flow diagram of wireless communication. At a transmitting end, the information source is transmitted after sequentially carrying out information source coding, channel coding and modulation mapping. At a receiving end, information sink is output through demodulation mapping, channel decoding and information source decoding in sequence. The channel coding and decoding may use polar codes (also called polar codes).

polar code is a configurable channel coding scheme that can achieve the capacity of binary input discrete memoryless channels. By employing channel combining and splitting operations, the resulting subchannels are either noise-free or full-noise channels. Based on the polarization phenomenon of the sub-channels, a noiseless channel can be used for transmitting information bits, and a full-noise channel is used for transmitting the known frozen bits of the receiving end. Polar code is a linear block code with an encoding matrix (also called generator matrix) of G_NThe encoding process may be represented by the following formula (1):

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

is a binary row vector (i.e. a sequence of bits to be encoded) of length N, and N-2ⁿAnd n is a positive integer. G_NIs a matrix of N x N and,

is defined as log2^NA matrix F₂Kronecker (Kronecker) product of (a),

the addition and multiplication operations in the above formulas are addition and multiplication operations in binary galois fields.

In practical communication systems, higher order modulation is typically used to improve spectrum utilization. The combination of the polar code and the high-order modulation mainly adopts a Bit Interleaved Polar Coded Modulation (BIPCM) framework at present.

For ease of understanding, the BIPCM frame will be briefly described below.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a BIPCM frame. In fig. 3, the code length of the polar code is N, the length of the information bit is K, the code rate is R ═ K/N, the modulation order is m, and m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

The following describes the processing flows of the transmitting end and the receiving end under the BIPCM framework, respectively.

(1) And (5) transmitting the data.

Bit sequence u to be coded_1:NPolarization coding is carried out to obtain a code word sequence b_1:NI.e. b_1:N＝u_1:N·G_N。

A sequence of code words b_1:NIs divided into m lengths

As shown in fig. 3

m is not less than 2 and is an integer.

And inputting each bit stream into an interleaver for random interleaving. Each interleaver outputs an interleaved bit sequence. Wherein, the bit sequence output by the ith interleaver is denoted as

The bits with sequence number j in the m interleaved bit sequences form a binary bit sequence

Wherein j is 1,2, …, N/m.

For bit sequence c_1:mModulating to obtain a modulation symbol sequence

Modulation symbol sequence

The element x in (1) belongs to x.

Finally, theThe transmitting end modulates the symbol sequence

Inputting the signal into an M-system AWGN channel for transmission, wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and is an integer.

The signal received by the receiving end is as shown in equation (2).

y_j＝x_j+n_j (2)

In the formula (2), n_jIs independent and identically distributed Gaussian noise, the mean value is 0, and the variance is

Average power of transmission symbol is E_S＝E[||x_j||²]Average received bit signal to noise ratio

Wherein E is_bR is the code rate of the polar coding, which is the bit average power.

(2) And (4) receiving the data.

Modulating the received modulation symbol sequence

The input demodulator carries out parallel demodulation and calculates the soft information of the bit sequence transmitted by the transmitting end. And then the soft information is sent to a decoder for decoding after being subjected to de-interleaving and parallel-serial conversion.

The detailed operation of the receiving end is described as follows.

1,2^mBinary input channel

Decomposition into m binary channels { alpha₁,α₂,...,α_mI.e. the m parallel modulation subchannels described above. Channel alpha corresponding to ith bit_iCan be expressed as alpha_i{0,1} → y. According to the mapping mode, the channel alpha_iThe channel transition probability of (a) can be obtained by equation (3):

in the formula (3), the reaction mixture is,

a set of constellation points equal to c for the ith bit of the corresponding bit sequence.

It should be understood that the soft information of the bit sequence transmitted by the transmitting end, which is calculated by parallel demodulating the modulation symbol sequence received by the receiving end, is specifically N log-likelihood ratios.

Secondly, through de-interleaving and parallel-serial conversion, N log-likelihood ratios are sent to a decoder for continuous deletion (SC) decoding or cyclic redundancy check (CA-SCL) decoding, and an estimated sequence of a bit sequence sent by a sending end is obtained

And finishing decoding.

The above is the processing flow of the sending end and the receiving end under the BIPCM frame.

However, before performing polarization coding, the transmitting end first needs to determine the reliability of the polarization subchannel through gaussian approximation iteration calculation to construct the polarization code. The complexity of the gaussian approximation iterative computation is very high, and the practicability is very difficult.

For this purpose, the present application proposes a method of polar coded modulation, which can determine the reliability of the polarized subchannel without using gaussian approximation iterative computation. Simulation results show that the decoding performance of the polarization code constructed according to the reliability of the polarization subchannel determined by the method provided by the application is basically equal to that of the polarization code constructed by adopting Gaussian approximate iterative computation. However, the method provided by the application determines the reliability of the polarized sub-channel, reduces the calculation complexity and is easy to use.

In addition, under the existing BIPCM framework, the calculation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channel depends on the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the calculation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channel is not universal under different snr conditions. The technical scheme provided by the application does not depend on the signal-to-noise ratio when determining the reliability of the polarized sub-channel. Therefore, the calculation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channel is common under different signal-to-noise ratio conditions. In other words, the present application provides a general scheme for constructing a polarization code based on a BIPCM framework.

The following describes a method of polar coded modulation proposed in the present application.

The inventor of the present application finds out from the polarization process that if polar codes are regarded as generalized concatenated codes, then the order of the reliability of the polarized subchannels of the polar codes can be determined according to the reliability relationship of the polarized subchannels of the inner and outer codes of the concatenated codes.

Referring to fig. 4, (a) and (b) of fig. 4 show schematic diagrams of the first-order polarization and the multi-order polarization processes, respectively. As shown in (a) of fig. 4, for a first-order polarization kernel, assuming that the capacities of two input channels at the right end of the polarization kernel are equal (both are W as shown in (a) of fig. 4), after first-order polarization, the capacities of the left-end polarization sub-channels are W-and W +, where the reliability of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to W-is less than that of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to W +. In fact, no matter how the reliability of the two input channels at the right end is, after the first-order polarization, the reliability of the polarized subchannel corresponding to W-is always smaller than that of the polarized subchannel corresponding to W +. As shown in fig. 4 (b), for a multi-stage polarization process, the capacity of the rightmost input channel is the same, and is W. This is because for normal polar coding, the capacity of all its input channels is equal. The rightmost end of fig. 4 (b) is actually an input channel of an outer code encoder of the concatenated code, and when the polar code is regarded as the generalized concatenated code, the input of the outer code encoder is the input of the polar code. Therefore, the order of the reliability of the polarized subchannels inside this outer code encoder can be determined according to the polarization law of the capacity described in (a) of fig. 4.

However, the ordering of the reliabilities for the polarized subchannels between the two outer code encoders is not known. This is because the capacity of the input sub-channel of the inner code encoder is not equal after the introduction of high order modulation in the polar code.

Therefore, the application provides that the modulation polarization parameters are introduced and combined with a traditional Polarization Weight (PW) formula for determining the reliability of the polarization sub-channels, the size relation of the reliability of the N polarization sub-channels can be determined, and then the polarization code is constructed according to the size relation of the reliability of the polarization sub-channels.

The method 200 of polar coded modulation of the present application is explained below.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method 200 of polar coded modulation provided herein. The method 200 may be performed by a transmitting end. For example, in the communication system shown in fig. 1, in the uplink transmission, it is performed by the terminal device. In downlink transmission, it is performed by a network device (e.g., a base station).

According to the method 200 for polar code modulation provided by the present application, under the premise that the BIPCM framework is not changed, polar codes are regarded as generalized concatenated codes. Since the bit-level interleaver does not affect the distribution of the reliability of the polarized sub-channels in the BIPCM framework, the processing flow at the transmitting end in the BIPCM framework shown in fig. 3 can be equivalent to that shown in fig. 6.

Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is an equivalent flow of a process flow of a transmitting end under the BIPCM framework. As shown in fig. 6, when the polar code with the code length N is regarded as the concatenated code, the inner code of the concatenated code is N₀Each code length is N_tThe outer code is N_tEach code length is N₀The polarization code of (1). Wherein N is₀·N_t＝N，N₀And N_tAre all positive integers. N is a radical of_t＝m，N₀N/m. Wherein m is the modulation order of the high order modulation.

It should be understood that in FIG. 6, G_N/mCorresponding outer code encoder, G_mCorresponding to the inner code encoder.

The method 200 is explained below. The method 200 may include steps 210-240.

210. And determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization sub-channels of the polarization code with the code length of N according to the modulation polarization parameter set, wherein N is not less than 1 and is an integer.

In the conventional scheme of constructing the polarization code, the reliability of the polarization subchannel is calculated according to the PW formula. The PW formula is shown in the following formula (4).

In the formula (4), n is the number of bits of the polarized subchannel spread into binary representation, a_iIs the ith bit in the binary representation of the serial number of the polar subchannel. For example, taking the example that the sequence number of the polarized subchannel is equal to 2, the sequence number 2 is expanded to binary representation which may be 2(010), and then n is 3, a₁＝0，a₂＝1，a₃＝0。

In addition, β in formula (4) is 0.25.

It should be appreciated that the PW formula is used to calculate the polarization weight of the polarized subchannel, which can be used to characterize the reliability of the polarized subchannel. Generally, a greater polarization weight of a polarized subchannel indicates a higher reliability of that polarized subchannel.

In the technical solution of the present application, considering the factor of the high-order modulation, the polarization weight includes a first partial polarization weight and a second partial polarization weight. Wherein the first partial polarization weight is determined according to the modulation polarization parameter set, and the second partial polarization weight can be continuously determined by adopting a PW formula. In other words, the polarization weights in this application introduce a modulated polarization component based on the conventional PW formula for calculating polarization weight. Therefore, the modulation polarization parameter is used to determine the polarization weight generated by polarization coding under the scenario of high-order modulation, so that the N polarization subchannels of the polar code with the code length N are polarized. That is, the first partial polarization weight is a polarization weight generated by polarization-coding under high-order modulation so that the sub-channel is polarized. The second partial polarization weight is only the polarization weight resulting from polarization encoding causing the sub-channels to be polarized.

The sending end determines respective polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to the modulation polarization parameter set, which may specifically include the following processes:

the index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n)，0≤i≤N-1；

Binary representation i ═ according to modulation polarization parameter set and sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) And determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first part polarization weight and a second part polarization weight, and the first part polarization weight is expressed according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being expressed in binary according to the index i

Partially determined, m is determined according to the modulation order, and n is the number of bits in binary representation of the serial number i of the polarized subchannel.

Here, m may be equal to the modulation order in some cases. For example, for 4PAM modulation, m is equal to modulation order 2. And in some cases, m is determined according to how many bits with different capacities are actually included among constellation points of a constellation diagram of modulation mapping. For example, for gray mapping of 16QAM, since the constellation point in one quadrant of the constellation diagram actually has only 2 bits with different capacities, m is 2.

The polarized subchannel corresponding to the index i is any one of the N polarized subchannels. The index i of the polarized subchannel may also be referred to as the index i of the polarized subchannel.

Thus, in the present application, for each polarized subchannel, its reliability is measured in terms of polarization weight, and the calculation of polarization weight involves two parts. The first partial polarization weight is determined from a modulated polarization parameter set and the second partial polarization weight is determined from a conventional PW formula. Therefore, the present application can also be said to rewrite the existing PW formula, in which a modulation polarization part is introduced to calculate the polarization weight generated by polarizing the sub-channel by encoding in the high-order modulation scenario. The rewritten PW formula may be referred to as an Extended Polarization Weight (EPW) formula. The EPW equation can be expressed as the following equation (5).

As can be seen from equation (5), the sequence number i of the polarized subchannel is expanded into a binary representation i ═ i₁,i₂,…,i_n) Wherein a set of polarization parameters is modulated

For determining a first partial polarization weight and a PW formula for determining a second partial polarization weight. The first partial polarization weight is a polarization weight generated by coding in a high-order modulation scene so that the sub-channel is polarized, and the second partial polarization weight is a polarization weight generated by coding so that the sub-channel is polarized.

Specifically, the first partial polarization weight is from 1 bit to log in binary representation according to the modulation polarization parameter in the modulation polarization parameter set and the serial number i₂m bits are determined. The second partial polarization weight is the log of the binary representation according to the PW formula and the index i₂m +1 bits to nth bit.

Here, log₂m +1 represents (log)₂m)+1。

For the sequence numbers i and j of the polarized subchannels, the binary expansion of i and j is i ═ i (i), respectively₁,i₂,…,i_n)，j＝(j₁,j₂,…,j_n)。

(1) If it is not

Indicating that sequence number i and sequence number j belong to the same outer code encoder. If it is not

From equation (5), the first partial polarization weight

Are equal. In this case, the magnitude relationship between the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the serial numbers i and j can be determined according to the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the serial numbers i and j

And

to be determined. That is, the second partial polarization weight according to equation (5)

To be determined.

For example, for 4PAM modulation, assuming N is 8, the sequence number of the polarized subchannel is spread out as a 3-bit binary bit sequence. Alternatively, 3 bits may represent the sequence numbers of all polarized subchannels of the polar code with N-8. For example, the sequence number 2 of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary (0,1,0), and the sequence number 3 is represented as binary (0,1, 1). When 4PAM modulation is used, m is 2. log (log)₂m＝log ₂2 is 1, and the 1 st bit of binary expansion of serial numbers 2 and 3 is equal (both are 0), so that serial numbers 2 and 3 belong to the same outer code encoder, and the first partial polarization weights are equal. At this time, the polarization weights of the polarization subchannels corresponding to No. 2 and No. 3, respectively, depend on the second partial polarization weight. Second partial polarization weight is required according to

And

to be determined. Specifically, it is determined from the 2 nd and 3rd bits of the binary expansion of sequence number 2 and sequence number 3. For number 2, the second partial polarization weight is a₂·2^β(3-2)+a₃·2^β(3-3)＝1·2^β(3-2)+0·2^β(3-3)＝2^0.25. For serial No. 3, the second partial polarization weight is a₂·2^β(3-2)+a₃·2^β(3-3)＝1·2^β(3-2)+1·2^β(3-3)＝2^0.25+1. Thus, 2(0,1,0)<3(0,1,1), that is, the polarization weight of the polarization subchannel corresponding to the serial number 2 is smaller than the polarization weight of the polarization subchannel corresponding to the serial number 3. Therefore, the reliability of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the sequence number 2 is smaller than that of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the sequence number 3.

For example, for 4PAM modulation, assuming that N is 32, the sequence number of the polarized subchannel is expanded to a binary bit sequence of 5 bits. For example, the sequence number i of the polarized subchannel is 6 and is expanded to be (0,0,1,1,0) in binary, and the sequence number j of the polarized subchannel is 9 and is expanded to be (0,1,1,0,0) in binary. Similarly, the 1 st binary expansions of sequence numbers 6 and 9 are the same (both 0 s), and thus sequence numbers 6 and 9 belong to the same outer code encoder. At this time, the first partial polarization weights of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the numbers 6 and 9 respectively

Equal, and therefore their reliability depends on the polarization weight of the second part

A represented by binary numbers of sequence number i-6 and sequence number j-9_iAnd β ═ 0.25 band-in

By calculation, 6(0,0,1,1,0) can be determined<9(0,1,1,0,0). Therefore, the reliability of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the number 6 is smaller than that of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the number 9.

(2) If it is not

Indicating that sequence number i and sequence number j do not belong to the same outer code encoder. At this time, the magnitude relation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the serial number i and the serial number j respectivelyDependent on inner code G_m(see FIG. 4) output number

And

the magnitude relation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channel.

For example, for 16PAM, if 0(0,0)<2(1,0)<3(1,1), and N is 16, the sequence number of the polarized subchannel is spread into a binary bit sequence of 4 bits. For example, sequence number 1 is expanded to binary (0,0,0,1), and sequence number 9 is expanded to binary (1,0,0, 1). With 16PAM, m is 4. Since the 3rd bits and the 4 th bits of binary expansions of the serial numbers 1 and 9 are the same (both 0 and 1), the magnitude relationship of the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the serial numbers 1 and 9 can be determined by the inner code G_mOf (i) output₁,i₂) And (j)₁,j₂) The magnitude relation of the reliability of the corresponding polarized sub-channel is determined. Since 0(0,0)<2(1,0), and thus, 1(0,0,0,1)<9(1,0,0,1)。

For another example, for 16PAM, the numbers 3 and 15 of the polarized subchannels are expanded to binary numbers 3(0,0,1,1) and 15(1,1,1,1), respectively. The 3rd bit and the 4 th bit of binary expansion of the serial numbers 3 and 15 are the same (both are 11), the magnitude relation of the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to the serial numbers 3 and 15 can pass through the inner code G_mOf (i) output₁,i₂) And (j)₁,j₂) The magnitude relation of the reliability of the corresponding polarized sub-channel is determined. Since 0(0,0)<3(1,1), and thus, 3(0,0,1,1)<15(1,1,1,1)。

The following description of fig. 7 may be used to help understand the corresponding conclusions of (1) and (2).

Fig. 7 is an example of a polar code with a code length N of 8 and a modulation order m of 2. Polar codes are considered concatenated codes. The outer code is 2 polar codes of length 4 as indicated by the dashed boxes numbered (r) and (r) in fig. 7. The inner code is 4 polar codes with a code length of 2, and is shown as a dashed-line frame part with the number (c) in fig. 7. Since the capacity of the input channel at the right end of an outer code encoder is equal, which is equivalent to a polar code with N-4, the reliability rank of the sub-channels inside the outer code encoder can be determined by calculation of the PW formula. The sequence of the polarized sub-channels inside the outer code encoder corresponding to the dotted line frame with the number of (000) < (001) < (010) < (011). Similarly, the sequence of polarized sub-channels inside the outer code encoder corresponding to the dashed line box with the number of (2) is (100) < (101) < (110) < (111). Since the 1 st bit (m ═ 2) of the binary spread of the sequence numbers of the polarized subchannels of each outer code encoder is identical, the reliability ordering of the polarized subchannels inside each outer code encoder is determined by the last 2 bits of the binary representation.

However, due to the introduction of high-order modulation, the capacities of the input channels of the inner code encoders are not equal, and therefore the magnitude relationship of the reliability between the polarized subchannels of the two outer code encoders cannot be known.

If the modulation order m is 2, two subchannels with different capacities exist in one 4PAM symbol, which are hereinafter referred to as W1 and W2, respectively. The two sub-channels are allocated to the right end of an inner code encoder, respectively. For the inner code encoder (shown by the thick line in fig. 7) shown by the number (c), the subchannel of the node 1 is W1, the subchannel of the node 2 is W2, and after the first-order polarization, the subchannel of the node 3 is W3, and the subchannel of the node 4 is W4. From the rule of the first order polarization described above, it can be determined that W3< W4. Similarly, the nodes 5, 6, 7, and 8 also form an inner code encoder, the channel of the node 5 is W1, the channel of the node 6 is W2, the channel of the node 7 is W3, and the channel of the node 8 is W4. Thus, there are 4 inner coders in total as shown in fig. 7. Since the capacities of the input channels at the corresponding positions at the right end of the 4 inner code encoders are equal, that is, the capacities of the nodes 1, 5, 9 and 13 are W1, and the capacities of the nodes 2, 6, 10 and 14 are W2. The 4 inner code encoders are thus identical, and the capacity of the respective polarized subchannels is therefore also equal. That is, node 3, node 7, node 11, node 15 are W3, and node 4, node 8, node 12, and node 16 are W4. This is consistent with the above analysis of the capacity equality of the input channel of the outer code encoder, i.e. the capacity of the input channel of the outer code encoder.

Since the capacity of the subchannel of the node 3 is smaller than that of the subchannel of the node 4 (W3< W4), while the subchannel corresponding to 000 is the first subchannel polarized by 4W 3, and the subchannel corresponding to 100 is the first subchannel polarized by 4W 4, and their positions in the outer code are the same, which corresponds to the partial ordering corresponding to the branch (2). Since the polarized sub-channels corresponding to 000 and 100 are two sub-channels obtained by subjecting W3 and W4 to the same subsequent polarization process, respectively, the reliability of the polarized sub-channels corresponding to 000 and 001 is determined by the magnitude relationship between W3 and W4. Since W3< W4, (000) < (100). The same can be said for (001) < (101), (010) < (110), and (011) < (111).

It can be understood that the polarization of the conventional polar code refers to a polarization phenomenon generated when the output channel capacities at the right side of the encoder are equal. Polarization in the present application refers to a polarization phenomenon generated by encoding in a high-order modulation scenario (i.e., the capacity of the input channel on the right side of the encoder is unequal).

The above step 210 is a detailed description of ranking the reliability of the polarized sub-channels proposed in the present application. It can be seen that the ordering of the reliabilities of the polarized sub-channels is no longer dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio and the complex gaussian approximation iteration calculation is avoided.

Alternatively, the modulation polarization parameter set needs to be determined before the reliability of the polarized subchannel is calculated according to equation (5)

Each of the modulated polarization parameters α in_iIs equal to (1, 2, …, log)₂m}。

Firstly, the transmitting end determines the error probability of each polarized sub-channel through Gaussian approximation, and modulates each polarization parameter alpha according to a given code rate_iFrom a closed interval [0,1]One value is selected to determine a modulation polarization parameter set

A set of values of (a). Further, according to the modulationEach modulation polarization parameter alpha in the set of polarization parameters_iAnd calculating the polarization weight of each polarized subchannel, thereby determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized subchannels. The set of information bits is selected according to an ordering of the reliabilities of the N polarized subchannels. It is understood that each selected information bit corresponds to a polarized subchannel, and the error probability of the polarized subchannel is calculated by gaussian approximation. And summing the error probabilities of all the information bits to obtain an upper error rate bound. Traversing modulation polarization parameter sets

And finding a group of values of the modulation polarization parameter set which enables the upper bound of the error rate to be minimum. Thus, each α in the set of polarization parameters is modulated_iThe value of (A) is determined.

From step 210, the polarization weight of each polarized subchannel may be determined.

220. And determining the sequencing of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels, and performing polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequencing of the reliability to obtain a code word sequence.

The ordering of the reliabilities of the N polarized subchannels is determined so that a set of information bits, i.e. a set of sequence numbers of the polarized subchannels used to place the information bits, can be determined. The process of polarization coding the bit sequence to be coded by the transmitting end may refer to the prior art, and is not described herein again.

Optionally, in step 220, after the bit sequence to be encoded is polarization-encoded according to the reliability of the polarization subchannel to obtain a codeword, bit streams output at the same position of different inner code encoders may be interleaved to improve decoding performance. Alternatively, the bit interleaving process may not be performed.

230. And carrying out high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence.

240. A sequence of modulation symbols is transmitted.

Step 230 and step 240 refer to the processing flow of the sender under the BIPCM framework described above in fig. 3, and are not described here again. After receiving the signal sent by the sending end, the receiving end performs decoding according to the processing flow of the receiving end in the BIPCM framework introduced in fig. 3.

The performance difference between the polarization code constructed by the EPW formula and the polarization code constructed by adopting the Gaussian approximation is not large, but the calculation complexity is reduced.

Besides, the polar code construction based on the gaussian approximation depends on the signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore, under different signal-to-noise ratio conditions, recalculation is required to construct the polar code. The method of the application does not depend on the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the method is universal to different signal-to-noise ratio conditions, and the calculation can be simplified.

The following is a performance simulation diagram of the method using polar coded modulation of the present application.

Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a value of α determined according to a curve of an upper bound of an error rate in a modulation scenario of 16 QAM. Since the real and imaginary parts of the 16QAM gray mapping can be seen as two 4PAM signals independent of each other, the 16QAM gray mapping actually has only 2 bit levels with unequal capacity. Therefore, the real part and the imaginary part of the 16QAM gray mapping can be constructed separately (i.e. 4PAM construction), which is equivalent to m ═ 2, so as to simplify the construction, and at this time, only one parameter needs to be optimized. As can be seen from fig. 8, the performance is optimal when α is 0.25.

The optimal value obtained in 16PAM modulation is { alpha ] by using the same parameter optimization method₁,α₂}＝{0.25,0.35}。

Referring to fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a graph comparing the performance of the method provided by the present application with the gaussian approximation algorithm under various signal-to-noise ratios with a code length N of 1024. Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the performance of the method provided by the present application with the gaussian approximation algorithm under various signal-to-noise ratios with a code length N of 512.

As can be seen in fig. 9, the EPW metric construction has a greater performance gain relative to using the construction sequence in 5G. In fig. 9 and fig. 10, it can be found that the EPW metric structure provided by the present application has little difference from the simulation result of the gaussian approximation algorithm at each code length and each code rate. However, the method provided by the application can reduce the computational complexity in constructing the polarization code.

The method of polar coded modulation provided in the present application is described in detail above. The following describes an apparatus for polar coded modulation provided by the present application.

Referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 500 for bit interleaved polar coded modulation provided herein. As shown in fig. 11, the apparatus 500 includes a processing unit 510 and a transceiving unit 520.

A processing unit 510, configured to determine, according to a modulation polarization parameter set, polarization weights of N polarization subchannels of a polarization code with a code length of N, where the modulation polarization parameter set includes one or more modulation polarization parameters, where the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used to determine a polarization weight generated by polarization encoding performed under high-order modulation so that the N polarization subchannels are polarized, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and is an integer; determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weight of each of the N polarized sub-channels, and performing polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence; the modulation symbol sequence is obtained by performing high-order modulation on the code word sequence;

a transceiving unit 520, configured to transmit the modulation symbol sequence.

Optionally, the processing unit 510 is specifically configured for

The index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n) I is not less than 0 and not more than N-1, i is an integer;

binary representation i ═ according to modulation polarization parameter set and sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) And determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first part polarization weight and a second part polarization weight, and the first part polarization weight is expressed according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being according to the sequenceOf binary representation of number i

Partially determined, where m is determined according to the modulation order and n is the number of bits in the binary representation of the sequence number i.

Optionally, the processing unit 510 is specifically configured to determine the polarization weight of the polarization subchannel corresponding to the serial number i according to the following formula:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for determining the polarization weight of the first portion,

for determining the polarization weight of the second portion,

for modulating the polarization parameter set, β ═ 0.25, a_iThe value of the ith bit of the binary representation of the order number i of the polarized subchannel, a_i∈{0,1}。

Optionally, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

traversing modulation polarization parameter sets

Selecting a group of values which enable the upper bound of the error rate to be minimum, wherein the upper bound of the error rate is the sum of the error probabilities of the N polarized sub-channels;

and determining the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to a group of values of the modulation polarization parameter set which minimizes the upper bound of the error rate.

Referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 600 provided herein. The communication device 600 is configured to implement the functionality of bit interleaved polar coded modulation. The communication device 600 includes:

the processing device 601 is configured to determine, according to a modulation polarization parameter set, polarization weights of N polarization subchannels of a polarization code with a code length of N, where the modulation polarization parameter set includes one or more modulation polarization parameters, where the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used to determine a polarization weight generated by polarization encoding performed under high-order modulation so that the N polarization subchannels are polarized, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and is an integer; determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weight of the N polarized sub-channels, and performing polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence; and carrying out high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence.

The communication device 600 may further comprise an output interface 602 for outputting the sequence of modulation symbols.

The output interface may be an output circuit or a transceiver.

Alternatively, the transceiver may be connected to an antenna.

Here, the communication device 600 may be a network device that communicates with a terminal device, or may be one terminal device.

In particular implementations, the processing device 601 may be a processor, chip, or integrated circuit.

The present application further provides a processing apparatus 601, configured to implement the method 200 of polar coded modulation according to the foregoing method embodiment. Some or all of the flow in method 200 may be implemented in hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing device 601 is a processor, as one possible design. Alternatively, as another possible design, the processing device 601 may also be as shown in fig. 13.

Referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing apparatus 601. The processing apparatus 601 includes:

an input interface circuit 6011, configured to obtain a bit sequence to be encoded;

logic circuit 6012, determine, according to a modulation polarization parameter set, respective polarization weights of N polarization subchannels of a polarization code with a code length of N, where the modulation polarization parameter set includes one or more modulation polarization parameters, where the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used to determine a polarization weight generated by polarization encoding performed under high-order modulation so that the N polarization subchannels are polarized, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and is an integer; determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weight of each polarized sub-channel, and carrying out polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence; and carrying out high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence;

an output interface circuit 6013 configured to output the modulation symbol sequence.

Alternatively, part or all of the flow of the method 200 for polar coded modulation provided by the present application may also be implemented by software. In this case, the processing device 601 may include a processor and a memory. The memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for executing the computer program stored in the memory so as to execute the method of polar coded modulation of the method embodiment of the application.

Here, the memories may be physically separate units. Alternatively, the memory may be integrated with the processor, and is not limited in this application.

In an alternative embodiment, the processing means 601 may comprise only a processor, the memory storing the computer program being located outside the processing means. The processor is connected to the memory by circuitry/wires for reading and executing the computer program stored in the memory to perform any of the method embodiments.

It should be understood that the method 200 of polar coded modulation provided herein is performed by the transmitting end. For example, in the wireless communication system shown in fig. 1, when a base station transmits a signal, the base station is a transmitting end. When MS1 or MS2 transmits a signal, MS1 or MS2 is the transmitting end. Therefore, the application also provides a network device and a terminal device, and the network device and the terminal device have the functions of realizing the polar code modulation method.

Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device 3000 provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 14, the network device 3000 may be applied to the wireless communication system shown in fig. 1, and has a function of executing the method of polar code modulation provided in the present application. Network device 3000 may be, for example, a base station as shown in fig. 1.

The network device 3000 may include one or more radio frequency units, such as a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) 3100 and one or more baseband units (BBUs). The baseband unit may also be referred to as a Digital Unit (DU) 3200. The RRU3100 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, and corresponds to the transceiver unit 520 in fig. 11. Alternatively, the transceiving unit 3100 may also be referred to as a transceiver, transceiving circuit, or transceiver, etc., which may include at least one antenna 3101 and a radio frequency unit 3102. Alternatively, the transceiving unit 3100 may include a receiving unit and a transmitting unit, the receiving unit may correspond to a receiver (or receiver, receiving circuit), and the transmitting unit may correspond to a transmitter (or transmitter, transmitting circuit). RRU3100 is mainly used for rf signal transceiving and rf signal to baseband conversion. The BBU 3200 section is mainly used for performing baseband processing, controlling a base station, and the like. RRU3100 and BBU 3200 may be physically located together or physically located separately, i.e., distributed base stations.

The BBU 3200 is a control center of the network device 3000, and may also be referred to as a processing unit, for example, and corresponds to the processing unit 510 in fig. 11, and is mainly used to perform baseband processing functions, for example, determining reliability of a polarized subchannel, polarization coding, rate matching (optional step), bit interleaving (optional step), modulation, and the like.

In one example, the BBU 3200 may be formed by one or more boards, and the boards may collectively support a radio access network of a single access system (e.g., an LTE network), or may respectively support radio access networks of different access systems (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network, or other networks). BBU 3200 also includes a memory 3201 and a processor 3202. The memory 3201 is used to store necessary instructions and data. Processor 3202 is used to control network device 3000 to perform necessary actions, e.g., to control network device 3000 to perform the above-described method embodiments. Memory 3201 and processor 3202 may serve one or more boards. That is, the memory and processor may be provided separately on each board. Multiple boards may share the same memory and processor. In addition, each single board can be provided with necessary circuits.

It is to be understood that the network device 3000 shown in fig. 14 is capable of implementing a method of polar coded modulation. The operation and/or function of each unit in the network device 3000 is to implement the polar coded modulation method 200 or the corresponding flow in each embodiment thereof, respectively. To avoid repetition, detailed description is appropriately omitted herein.

BBU 3200 may be used to perform the actions described in the previous method embodiments as being implemented internally by the transmitting end, e.g., calculating the polarization weight of the polarized subchannels from the set of modulation polarization parameters, thereby determining the ordering of the reliabilities of the N polarized subchannels. For another example, the bit sequence to be encoded is polarization-coded, modulated, or the like. And RRU3100 may be configured to perform the transmit or receive actions performed by the transmitting end described in the previous method embodiments. For example, a sequence of modulation symbols is transmitted.

When performing uplink transmission in the wireless communication system shown in fig. 1, MS1 or MS2 is the transmitting end. The following describes the terminal device provided in the present application.

Referring to fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 7000 provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 15, the terminal device 7000 includes a processor 7001. Optionally, the terminal device 7000 further comprises a memory 7003 and a transceiver 7002. The processor 7001, the transceiver 7002, and the memory 7003 may communicate with each other through internal connection paths to transfer control and/or data signals. The memory 7003 is used for storing computer programs, and the processor 7001 is used for calling and executing the computer programs from the memory 7003 to control the transceiver 7002 to transmit and receive signals.

Optionally, the terminal device 7000 may further include an antenna 7004 for transmitting information or data output from the transceiver 7002 via a wireless signal.

The processor 7001 and the memory 7003 may be integrated into one processing apparatus, and the processor 7001 is configured to execute the program codes stored in the memory 7003 to implement the above-described functions. In particular implementations, the memory 7003 may also be integrated in the processor 7001 or separate from the processor 7001.

The processor 7001 may be configured to perform actions implemented internally by the transmitting end as described in the previous method embodiments, such as calculating polarization weights of the polarized sub-channels, determining order of reliability of the polarized sub-channels, polarization encoding and modulating, and so on. And the transceiver 7002 may be used to perform the actions of receiving or transmitting performed by the transmitting end, e.g., transmitting a sequence of modulation symbols, described in the previous method embodiments. The transceiver 7002 may also be an output interface or an input interface, integrated on the processor 7001.

Optionally, terminal device 7000 may also include a power supply 7005 for providing power to various devices or circuits in the terminal device.

In addition to this, in order to further improve the functions of the terminal device, the terminal device 7000 may further include one or more of the input unit 7006, the display unit 7007, the audio circuit 7008, the camera 7009, the sensor 610, and the like. The audio circuitry may also include a speaker 70082, a microphone 70084, and the like.

For example, the terminal device 7000 may be the MS1 or the MS2 in the wireless communication system shown in fig. 1.

Furthermore, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is caused to execute corresponding operations and/or processes of the method 200 for polar coded modulation according to the embodiments of the present application.

The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code, when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the corresponding operations and/or processes of the method 200 of polar coded modulation of the embodiments of the present application.

The application also provides a chip comprising a processor. The processor is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the corresponding operations and/or processes of the method 200 of polar coded modulation provided herein.

Optionally, the chip further comprises a memory, and the memory and the processor are connected with the memory through a circuit or a wire. Further optionally, the chip further comprises a communication interface, and the processor is connected to the communication interface. The communication interface is used for receiving a bit sequence to be coded, the processor acquires the bit sequence to be coded from the communication interface, and performs polarization coding and modulation on the bit sequence to be coded by adopting the method 200 for polarization coding modulation of the embodiment of the application; the communication interface is further configured to output a polar-coded modulated modulation symbol sequence. In particular, the communication interface may comprise an input interface and an output interface, or the communication interface may comprise an input circuit and an output circuit.

The chip described in this embodiment of the present application may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on chip (SoC), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), a digital signal processing circuit (DSP), a Microcontroller (MCU), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

The processor in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capability. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The processor may be a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by a hardware encoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the encoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and a processor reads information in the memory and completes the steps of the method in combination with hardware of the processor.

The memory in the embodiments of the present application may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically Erasable EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM, enhanced SDRAM, SLDRAM, Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

In conjunction with the foregoing description, those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods of the embodiments herein may be implemented in hardware (e.g., logic circuitry), or software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such methods are performed in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

When the above functions are implemented in the form of software and sold or used as a separate product, they may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. In this case, the technical solution of the present application or a part of the technical solution that contributes to the prior art in essence may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a U disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (14)

1. A method of polar coded modulation, comprising:

determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization sub-channels of a polarization code with a code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the modulation polarization parameter set comprises one or more modulation polarization parameters, the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used for determining the polarization weight generated by polarization encoding under high-order modulation so that the N polarization sub-channels are polarized, and N is not less than 1 and is an integer;

determining the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weight, and performing polarization coding on a bit sequence to be coded according to the sequence of the reliability of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence;

performing high-order modulation on the code word sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence;

and transmitting the modulation symbol sequence.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the polarization weights of the N polarized subchannels of the polarization code with code length N according to the modulation polarization parameter set comprises:

the index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n) I is not less than 0 and not more than N-1, i is an integer;

-a binary representation i ═ i (i) according to said set of modulation polarization parameters and said sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) Determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first partial polarization weight and a second partial polarization weight, and the first partial polarization weight is represented according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being in accordance with the binary representation of the serial number i

Partially determined, where m is determined according to the modulation order and n is the number of bits in the binary representation of the sequence number i.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the polarization weight of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the sequence number i according to the modulation parameter set and the binary representation of the sequence number i comprises:

and determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i according to the following formula:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for determining the first partial polarization weight,

for determining the second partial polarization weight,

for the modulation polarization parameter set, β ═ 0.25, a_iIs the value of the ith bit of the binary representation of the sequence number i, a_i∈{0,1}。

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein before determining the reliability of the polarized subchannel corresponding to the sequence number i according to the formula, the method further comprises:

traversing the modulation polarization parameter set

Selecting a group of values which minimizes an upper error rate bound, wherein the upper error rate bound is the sum of error probabilities of the N polarized sub-channels;

the determining the polarization weights of the N polarized subchannels of the polarization code with the code length of N according to the modulation polarization parameter set includes:

and determining the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to a group of values of the modulation polarization parameter set which enables the upper bound of the error rate to be minimum.

5. An apparatus for polar coded modulation, comprising:

the processing unit is used for determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization sub-channels of a polarization code with the code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the modulation polarization parameter set comprises one or more modulation polarization parameters, the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used for determining the polarization weight generated by polarization coding under high-order modulation so that the N polarization sub-channels are polarized, and N is not less than 1 and is an integer;

the processing unit is further configured to determine a ranking of the reliabilities of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weights, and perform polarization encoding on a bit sequence to be encoded according to the ranking of the reliabilities of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence;

the processing unit is further configured to perform high-order modulation on the codeword sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence;

and the transceiving unit is used for transmitting the modulation symbol sequence.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

the index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n) I is not less than 0 and not more than N-1, i is an integer;

-a binary representation i ═ i (i) according to said set of modulation polarization parameters and said sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) Determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first partial polarization weight and a second partial polarization weight, and the first partial polarization weight is represented according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being in accordance with the binary representation of the serial number i

Partially determined, where m is determined according to the modulation order and n is the number of bits in the binary representation of the sequence number i.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to determine the polarization weight of the polarization subchannel corresponding to the sequence number i according to the following formula:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for determining the first partial polarization weight,

for determining the second partial polarization weight,

for the modulation polarization parameter set, β ═ 0.25, a_iIs the value of the ith bit of the binary representation of the sequence number i, a_i∈{0,1}。

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the processing unit is further configured to:

traversing the modulation polarization parameter set

Selecting a group of values which minimizes an upper error rate bound, wherein the upper error rate bound is the sum of error probabilities of the N polarized sub-channels;

and determining the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to a group of values of the modulation polarization parameter set which enables the upper bound of the error rate to be minimum.

9. A communication device, comprising:

the processor is used for determining the polarization weight of each of N polarization subchannels of a polarization code with a code length of N according to a modulation polarization parameter set, wherein the modulation polarization parameter set comprises one or more modulation polarization parameters, the one or more modulation polarization parameters are used for determining the polarization weight generated by polarization encoding under high-order modulation so that the N polarization subchannels are polarized, and N is not less than 1 and is an integer;

the processor is further configured to determine a ranking of the reliabilities of the N polarized sub-channels according to the polarization weights, and perform polarization encoding on a bit sequence to be encoded according to the ranking of the reliabilities of the N polarized sub-channels to obtain a codeword sequence;

the processor is further configured to perform high-order modulation on the codeword sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence;

an output interface for outputting the sequence of modulation symbols.

10. The communications device of claim 9, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:

the index i of the polarized subchannel is represented as binary i ═ i (i)₁,i₂,…,i_n) I is not less than 0 and not more than N-1, i is an integer;

-a binary representation i ═ i (i) according to said set of modulation polarization parameters and said sequence number i₁,i₂,…,i_n) Determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i, wherein the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i comprises a first partial polarization weight and a second partial polarization weight, and the first partial polarization weight is represented according to the modulation polarization parameter set and the binary system of the serial number i

Partially determined, the second partial polarization weight being in accordance with the binary representation of the serial number i

Partially determined, where m is determined according to the modulation order and n is the number of bits in the binary representation of the sequence number i.

11. The communications device of claim 10, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:

and determining the polarization weight of the polarization sub-channel corresponding to the serial number i according to the following formula:

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

for determining the first partial polarization weight,

for determining the second partial polarization weight,

for the modulation polarization parameter set, β ═ 0.25, a_iIs the value of the ith bit of the binary representation of the sequence number i, a_i∈{0,1}。

12. The communications device of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to traverse the set of modulation polarization parameters

Selecting a group of values which minimizes an upper error rate bound, wherein the upper error rate bound is the sum of error probabilities of the N polarized sub-channels;

and the processor is configured to determine the polarization weights of the N polarized sub-channels according to a set of values of the modulation polarization parameter set that minimizes the upper bound on the error rate.

13. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-4.

14. A chip comprising a memory for storing a computer program and a processor for reading and executing the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of any one of claims 1-4.

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