CN111377053A

CN111377053A - Flying type spray dust removal device and method

Info

Publication number: CN111377053A
Application number: CN201911407952.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蔡明�; 刘黎明; 贺运初; 龚京忠; 谭建华; 杨广
Original assignee: Hunan Jiujiu Intelligent Environmental Protection Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Jiujiu Intelligent Environmental Protection Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-07-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a flying type spray dust removal device and a flying type spray dust removal method, which comprise an aircraft, a spray system and a connecting piece, wherein the aircraft is one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an airship, a hot air balloon, a manned light airplane or a helicopter, and the spray system is one of a single-fluid spray device, a double-fluid spray device or an air-assisted spray device. The flying type spray dust removal device provided by the invention breaks through the limitation of spray dust removal, and is changed from a ground fixed type or a movable type to a flying type, so that the spraying system can go to complex terrains which cannot be reached by people or equipment, such as mines, mountains and the like, and the dust removal utilization rate of the spraying system is improved.

Description

Flying type spray dust removal device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of spraying, in particular to a flying type spray dust removal device and method.

Background

The existing spraying device is mostly fixed at a certain place, spraying and dust removing are carried out on a certain area, the spraying range of the type has limitation, dust can be removed only in a certain specific area, dust cannot be removed after the area is exceeded, or extra spraying equipment is needed, so that the dust removing cost is increased. In addition, the vehicle-mounted spraying machine is fixed on the vehicle, the vehicle is driven to a certain place to spray and remove dust when dust is removed, but the vehicle-mounted spraying machine also has certain limitation and cannot spray and remove dust when the vehicle is in a narrow road or other places where the vehicle cannot reach.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a flying type spray dust removing device to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a flying type spray dust removal device comprises an aircraft, a spraying system and a connecting piece, wherein the connecting piece is connected with the aircraft and the spraying system.

Preferably, a driving machine in the aircraft is electrically or hydraulically connected with the spraying system and used for driving the spraying system to operate.

Preferably, the connecting piece is provided with a base, the base is further provided with a water tank for supplying water to the spraying system, or a water supply pipeline for supplying water to the spraying system, and the water supply pipeline is connected with a water source which is fixed or moved on the ground.

Preferably, the water supply pipeline is a hose and has a long length.

Preferably, the spraying system is a single-fluid spraying device, the single-fluid spraying device comprises a water pump, a single-fluid nozzle and a water pipe, the water pump is arranged on the base, and the water tank, the water pump and the single-fluid nozzle are connected through the water pipe.

Preferably, the single-fluid spraying device is further provided with a spray pipe, at least 2 single-fluid nozzles are installed on the spray pipe, and the water tank, the water pump and the spray pipe are connected through the water pipe.

Preferably, the spray pipe is fixed on the connecting piece through a rotating device, the rotating device comprises a motor, a synchronous belt, a synchronous wheel and a fixing plate connected with the connecting piece, a through hole for the spray pipe to pass through is formed at one end of the fixing plate, the motor is fixedly connected with the other end of the fixing plate, the synchronous wheel passes through the fixing plate and is connected with the motor, one end of the synchronous belt is sleeved on the synchronous wheel, and the other end of the synchronous belt is sleeved on the spray pipe and is used for driving the spray pipe to rotate by 0-180 degrees.

Preferably, the fixed plate is formed by connecting a spray pipe fixed plate and a motor fixed plate, the spray pipe fixed plate is used for installing and fixing the spray pipe, and the motor fixed plate is used for installing and fixing the motor.

Preferably, the spraying system is a two-fluid spraying device, the two-fluid spraying device comprises a water pump, a water pipe, an air compressor, an air pipe and a two-fluid nozzle, the air compressor is communicated with the two-fluid nozzle through the air pipe, and the water pump is communicated with the two-fluid nozzle through the water pipe.

Preferably, the two-fluid spraying device further comprises a fog box, at least 2 two-fluid nozzles are installed on the fog box, the air compressor and the air inlet of the fog box are communicated through the air pipe, the water pump and the water inlet of the fog box are communicated through the water pipe, and the air inlet and the water inlet of the fog box are respectively communicated with the two-fluid nozzles.

Preferably, the spraying system is an air-assisted spraying device which mainly comprises a water pump, an air cylinder, a spraying ring and a single-fluid nozzle.

Preferably, the air-assisted spraying device is further provided with a swing mechanism for driving the air duct to swing left and right, and a pitching mechanism for driving the air duct to perform pitching motion.

Preferably, the base is further provided with a fuel tank for supplying fuel to a driving machine of the aircraft.

Preferably, the fuel tank is made of a light material.

The fuel is fuel oil or fuel gas.

Preferably, the aircraft is one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an airship, a hot air balloon, a manned light aircraft or a helicopter.

Preferably, a GPS or Beidou positioning component is arranged in the aircraft.

Preferably, the connecting piece is a steel wire rope, a chain structure piece or a fixed frame consisting of at least two parallel U-shaped brackets and the base.

Preferably, the bracket is made of one of aluminum alloy, composite material or carbon steel.

Preferably, the water tank is made of one of plastic, aluminum alloy, composite materials or stainless steel.

Preferably, the flying type spray dust removal device is further provided with a dust monitor for monitoring the dust concentration of a target area.

Preferably, the flying type spray dust removal device is further provided with a camera for identifying a dust concentration interval and a ground dust deposition condition of a target area.

Preferably, the flying type spray dust removal device is further provided with an intelligent controller, and the intelligent controller is used for intelligently controlling the starting and stopping of the spraying system and the spraying intensity according to the dust concentration condition and/or the ground surface dust accumulation condition of the target area, implementing variable spraying and achieving accurate dust removal.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a flying type spray dust removal method: the method comprises the steps that an aircraft firstly patrols a monitoring area in a higher flying position, whether dust is raised in the monitoring area is identified through a camera, if the fact that the dust concentration value of a certain area in the monitoring area exceeds a preset dust concentration value is identified, the area is determined to be a target area for spray dust removal, the aircraft flies above the target area according to an intelligently optimized flying route, then the flying height is lowered, and then spray intensity is adjusted in real time according to the dust concentration value in the target area monitored by a dust monitor, so that variable spray dust removal is achieved.

Preferably, the aircraft further determines a flight path of the aircraft for performing spray dust removal in the target area according to the dust distribution condition of the target area identified by the camera, where the flight path includes: a linear path; a sine wave-like course; a similar 'back' shaped route from inside to outside; a similar 'back' shaped route from outside to inside; a spiral path from outside to inside; a spiral path from inside to outside; or a route in which at least two of the above routes are organically combined.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the flying type spray dust removal device provided by the invention breaks through the limitation of the existing spray dust removal technology, and is changed from a ground fixed type or a movable type to a flying type, so that a spraying system can reach complex terrains which cannot be reached by people or equipment, such as mines, mountainous regions and the like;

the application space of the spray dust removal device is increased, and the spray dust removal device is converted into a three-dimensional space from a single certain area; dust removal is carried out from the ground, and then accurate fixed-point dust removal is carried out in the air, so that the dust removal utilization rate of the spray dust removal system is maximized;

the flying type spray dust removal device provided by the invention can also drive the synchronous wheel to rotate through the rotating device, namely, the motor control, so that the synchronous belt is driven to rotate, the 0-180-degree rotation of the spray pipe is further realized, and the spraying range of the spray pipe is improved;

according to the flying type spray dust removal method provided by the invention, the flying route of the aircraft is optimized through intelligent identification control of the camera, the dust monitor and the intelligent controller, the whole spray dust removal effect can be optimized, and the cruising mileage of the aircraft can be increased to a certain extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a flying type mist dust removing device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flying type mist dust collector adopting a steel wire rope or a chain structural member as a connecting member in example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a flying type mist dust collector adopting a connecting piece consisting of a U-shaped bracket and a base in embodiment 2 of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a flying type mist dust removing device in embodiment 3 of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure at the rotating apparatus in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sine-wave-like flight route of the flying type mist dust collector of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a similar 'hui' shaped flight route diagram of the flying type mist dust removing device of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a spiral flight route diagram of the flying spray dust collector of the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

1. a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle; 2. a connecting member; 3. a fog box; 4. a base; 5. an air compressor; 6. a water pump; 7. a water tank; 8. a single rotor drone; 9. an air-assisted spraying device; 10. a fuel tank; 11. a helicopter; 12. a rotating device; 13. a nozzle; 14. a single fluid nozzle; 15. a synchronizing wheel; 16. a synchronous belt; 17. a motor fixing plate; 18. a motor; 19. a nozzle fixing plate; 20. a wire rope; 21. a water pipe; 22. air pipe, 23, two-fluid nozzle.

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the flying type mist spray dust removal device provided in this embodiment includes an aircraft, a mist spray system disposed at a lower portion of the aircraft, and a connecting member 2, where the aircraft is one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, an airship, a hot air balloon, a manned light airplane or a helicopter, and the like, as long as the aircraft can be controlled to drive the mist spray system to realize a flying mist spray function; the spraying system is one of a single-fluid spraying device, a double-fluid spraying device or an air-assisted spraying device; the connection piece 2 is used to connect the spraying system and the aircraft.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the connecting member 2 is a fixing frame formed by two parallel U-shaped brackets and the base 4, that is, the base 4 is horizontally placed and fixed on the two U-shaped brackets to form the fixing frame for installing and fixing the spraying system; the base 4 is also provided with a water tank 7 for providing water for the spraying system, and in some other modes, the spraying system can be connected with a water supply pipeline which is connected with a fixed or movable water source on the ground and adopts a hose as the water supply pipeline;

further, in the embodiment, the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is used as an aircraft, a two-fluid spraying device is used as a spraying system, and a driving machine in the aircraft is electrically or hydraulically connected with the spraying system to drive the spraying system to operate; the double-fluid spraying device comprises a water pump 6 and an air compressor 5 which are arranged on a base 4, fog boxes 3 which are arranged on two sides of a connecting frame 2 and a plurality of double-fluid nozzles 23 which are arranged on the fog boxes 3, wherein the water inlet of the fog boxes 3 is communicated with the water pump 6 through a water pipe 21 between water tanks 7, and the air inlet of the fog boxes 3 is communicated with the air compressor 5 through an air pipe 22. In some other embodiments, the mist box 3 may be omitted, and the water inlet of the two-fluid nozzle 23 is directly communicated with the water pump 6 through the water pipe 21, and the air inlet of the two-fluid nozzle 23 is communicated with the air compressor 5 through the air pipe 22.

Continuing to combine as shown in fig. 1, 1 inside intelligent control ware, the GPS or the big dipper locating component that are used for the location and the dust monitor that is used for measuring the regional dust concentration of target and the camera that is used for discerning the regional earth's surface laying dust condition of target and dust concentration interval of being provided with of many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, this intelligent control ware with GPS or big dipper locating component, dust monitor, camera,

air compressor machine

5 and 6 equal signal connection of water pump.

Further, in order to reduce the total load of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1, the water tank 7 is made of one of plastic, aluminum alloy or composite materials; the connecting piece 2 is made of aluminum alloy or composite material; the water pump 6 is a plastic water pump; the fog box 3 is made of light materials such as aluminum alloy.

The embodiment also provides a method for performing spray dust removal by using the flying type spray dust removal device, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps that firstly, at a high position, such as 15-20m height, of an aircraft, a flying inspection monitoring area is used, a camera is used for identifying the dust distribution condition of the monitoring area, judging which areas have dust flying, if the dust concentration value of a certain area in the monitoring area is identified to be higher than a preset dust concentration value according to a machine vision technology, the area is determined to be a target area, the aircraft flies above the target area and then descends to a proper flying height, such as 3-5m height, then the dust concentration value in the target area is monitored in real time according to a dust monitor, the size of spray amount is adjusted in real time, and variable spray dust removal is achieved.

The intelligent controller can also intelligently optimize the flight route of the aircraft flying to a target area, namely an area needing spray dust removal, and the flight route of spray dust removal above the target area according to the dust distribution condition recognized by the camera, such as: the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is controlled to fly above a target area according to a sine-wave-like route as shown in fig. 6, so that the spraying and dust removing are realized, the spraying and dust removing are more suitable for places with irregular projection plane profiles of the target area by adopting the sine-wave-like route, the overlapping area of the spraying and dust removing is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved; the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 1 can also be controlled to fly according to a similar 'returning' shaped route from inside to outside as shown in fig. 7, or according to a similar 'returning' shaped route from outside to inside; the multi-rotor drone 1 can also be controlled to fly along a spiral route from outside to inside as shown in fig. 8, or along a spiral route from inside to outside; of course, the aircraft may fly along a straight line, a sine-wave-like curve, a "zigzag" route, or a route organically combining two or more of spiral routes.

Under different scenes, the preset value of the dust concentration of the area needing spraying and dust removal, which is identified by the machine vision technology, is set according to the relevant environmental protection standard.

In addition, a dust suppressant can be added into the water tank to improve the effect of spray dust removal.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the flying type mist spray dust removal device provided in this embodiment includes an aircraft, a mist spray system disposed at a lower portion of the aircraft, and a connecting member 2, in fig. 3, the connecting member 2 is a fixed frame formed by two parallel U-shaped brackets and the base 4; the spraying system is horizontally arranged on the base 4, a water tank 7 for providing a water source for the spraying system is further arranged on the base 4, and a driving machine for driving the aircraft and the spraying system to operate is arranged in the aircraft; in some other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a steel cable or a chain structure 20 may be used to form a connecting member with the base 4.

Specifically, in this embodiment, adopt single rotor unmanned aerial vehicle 8 as the aircraft, adopt air-assisted spraying device as spraying system, air-assisted spraying device installs on base 4, air-assisted spraying device mainly includes water pump, dryer, spouts ring, single fluid nozzle, and water pipe 21 intercommunication passes through between single fluid nozzle, the ring that spouts, water pump 6, the water tank 7.

The air-assisted spraying device is provided with a swing mechanism for driving the air duct to rotate left and right, and the air-assisted spraying device is also provided with a pitching mechanism for driving the air duct to perform vertical pitching motion; the swing mechanism and the pitching mechanism are connected with a driving machine and an intelligent controller in the aircraft, the swing mechanism can drive an air duct of the air-assisted spraying device to rotate 180 degrees left and right, and the pitching mechanism can drive the air duct to realize pitching of-10 degrees to 45 degrees, so that multi-angle flexible spraying is realized.

In addition, in this embodiment, air-assisted spraying device is split type, the structure that the water pump is external promptly to alleviate overall weight, improve the duration of aircraft.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a fuel tank 10 made of a light material is further disposed on the base 4, and the fuel tank 10 is used for storing fuel oil or gas, so as to provide fuel guarantee for improving the endurance of the aircraft.

The flying type spray dust removal device provided by the embodiment also comprises a dust monitor, a camera, an intelligent controller and the like, and spray dust removal can be performed according to the method provided by the embodiment 1.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the flying type mist spray dust collector for mist spray dust collection provided in this embodiment includes an aircraft, a mist spray system disposed at a lower portion of the aircraft, and a connecting member 2, where the connecting member 2 is a fixed frame formed by two parallel U-shaped brackets and a base 4; and the base 4 is also provided with a water tank 7 for providing a water source for the spraying system, and a driving machine for driving the aircraft and the spraying system to operate is arranged in the aircraft.

Specifically, in this embodiment, helicopter 11 is adopted as the aircraft, single fluid atomizer is adopted as the spraying system, single fluid atomizer includes water pump 6, spray tube 13, single fluid nozzle 14 and water pipe 21, water pump 6 locates on base 4, the both sides face of connecting piece 2 is installed respectively spray tube 13, connect a plurality of on the spray tube 13 single fluid nozzle 14, water tank 7 water pump 6 with all link through water pipe 21 between the spray tube 13.

Referring to fig. 5, the nozzle 13 is fixed to the connector 2 through a rotating device, the rotating device includes a motor 18, a synchronous belt 16, a synchronous wheel 15 and a fixing plate connected to the connector 2, a through hole for the nozzle 13 to pass through is formed at one end of the fixing plate, the motor 18 is fixedly connected to the other end of the fixing plate, the synchronous wheel 15 passes through the fixing plate and is connected to the motor 18, one end of the synchronous belt 16 is sleeved to the synchronous wheel 15, and the other end of the synchronous belt is sleeved to the nozzle 13 to drive the nozzle 13 to rotate by 0-180 degrees.

In this embodiment, the fixing plate is formed by connecting the nozzle fixing plate 19 and the motor fixing plate 17, and in some other embodiments, the nozzle fixing plate 19 and the motor fixing plate 17 may be integrally formed to form a flat fixing plate; the spray pipe fixing plate 19 is used for installing and fixing the spray pipe 13, and the motor fixing plate 17 is used for installing and fixing the motor 18; of course, in some other embodiments, the nozzle fixing plate 19 and the motor fixing plate 17 may be a single body, and both are used to facilitate the detachment and installation of the nozzle 13, the motor 18, and the like. The motor is also connected with a driving machine and an intelligent controller in the aircraft and is used for controlling and driving the synchronous wheel 15 to rotate, so that the synchronous belt 16 is driven to rotate, the 0-180-degree rotation of the spray pipe 13 is further realized, and the spraying range is improved.

In addition, be provided with the metal buckle on the aircraft, connecting piece 2 can be dismantled with the aircraft through this metal buckle and be connected, the installation of conveniently dismantling.

The device for flying type spray dust removal provided by the embodiment can also perform spray dust removal according to the method provided by the embodiment 1.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. The flying type spray dust removal device is characterized by comprising an aircraft, a spraying system and a connecting piece, wherein the connecting piece is connected with the aircraft and the spraying system.

2. A flying spray dedusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein a driver within the aircraft is also used to drive the spray system into operation.

3. A flying spray dust collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein a base is provided in the connecting member, and a water tank for supplying water to the spray system or a water supply pipeline for supplying water to the spray system is provided on the base, and the water supply pipeline is connected to a water source fixed or moving on the ground.

4. The flying spray dedusting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying system is a single fluid spraying device, the single fluid spraying device comprises a water pump, a single fluid nozzle and a water pipe, and the water pump and the single fluid nozzle are connected through the water pipe.

5. A flying type spray dust removal device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the single fluid spray device is further provided with a spray pipe, at least 2 single fluid nozzles are mounted on the spray pipe, the spray pipe is fixed on the connecting piece through a rotating device, the rotating device comprises a motor, a synchronous belt, a synchronous wheel and a fixing plate connected with the connecting piece, a through hole for the spray pipe to pass through is formed in one end of the fixing plate, the motor is fixedly connected with the other end of the fixing plate, the synchronous wheel passes through the fixing plate and is connected with the motor, one end of the synchronous belt is sleeved on the synchronous wheel, and the other end of the synchronous belt is sleeved on the spray pipe and is used for driving the spray pipe to rotate by 0-180 degrees.

6. A flying spray dust removal device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fixing plate is formed by connecting a nozzle fixing plate and a motor fixing plate, the nozzle fixing plate is used for installing and fixing the nozzle, and the motor fixing plate is used for installing and fixing the motor.

7. The in-flight spray dedusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spray system is a two-fluid spray apparatus comprising a water pump, an air compressor, a water pipe, an air pipe and a two-fluid nozzle, the water pump is communicated with the two-fluid nozzle via the water pipe, and the air compressor is communicated with the two-fluid nozzle via the air pipe.

8. An in-flight spray dust removal device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the two-fluid spray device further comprises a mist box, at least 2 two-fluid nozzles are mounted on the mist box, the water pump and the water inlet of the mist box are communicated with each other through the water pipe, the air compressor and the air inlet of the mist box are communicated with each other through the air pipe, and the air inlet and the water inlet of the mist box are respectively communicated with the two-fluid nozzles.

9. The airborne spray dust removal device of claim 1, wherein the spray system is an air-assisted spray device comprising a water pump, an air duct, a spray ring and a single fluid nozzle.

10. A flying spray dedusting apparatus as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a fuel tank for supplying fuel to a driver of the aircraft.

11. A flying spray dedusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the aircraft is one of a drone, an airship, a hot air balloon, a manned light aircraft, or a helicopter.

12. A flying spray dust collector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the connecting member is a steel wire rope, or a chain structure member, or a fixed frame composed of at least two parallel U-shaped brackets and the base.

13. A flying spray dust collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein a GPS or beidou positioning assembly is provided in the aircraft.

14. A flying spray dust collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dust monitor is further provided.

15. The flying spray dedusting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a camera.

16. The flying spray dedusting device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an intelligent controller.

17. The flying type spray dust removal method is characterized in that an aircraft firstly inspects a monitoring area in a higher flying position, whether dust is raised in the monitoring area is identified through a camera, if the dust concentration value of a certain area in the monitoring area is identified to exceed a preset dust concentration value, the area is determined to be a target area for spray dust removal, the aircraft flies above the target area according to an intelligently optimized flying route, then the flying height is lowered, and then spray intensity is adjusted in real time according to the dust concentration value in the target area monitored by a dust monitor, so that variable spray dust removal is realized.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the aircraft further determines a flight path of the aircraft for performing aerosol dust removal on the target area according to the dust distribution of the target area identified by the camera, and the flight path includes: a linear path; a sine wave-like course; a similar 'back' shaped route from inside to outside; a similar 'back' shaped route from outside to inside; a spiral path from outside to inside; a spiral path from inside to outside; or a route in which at least two of the above routes are organically combined.