CN111373768A - 用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体 - Google Patents
用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111373768A CN111373768A CN201880075032.4A CN201880075032A CN111373768A CN 111373768 A CN111373768 A CN 111373768A CN 201880075032 A CN201880075032 A CN 201880075032A CN 111373768 A CN111373768 A CN 111373768A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- piezoelectric
- intermediate layer
- piezoelectric film
- adhesive
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Abstract
一种用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体(10),其具有:压电膜(35)、粘合面(17)、中间层(40)、和与粘合面(17)接合的剥离层(20),所述中间层(40)为配置在压电膜(35)和粘合面(17)之间的多孔层和/或树脂层。粘合面(17)以在俯视图中观察压电膜(35)时压电膜(35)的至少一部分与粘合面(17)重叠的方式配置。通过在除去了剥离层(20)的状态下将粘合面(17)粘贴在支撑体(80)上,能够将压电膜(35)和中间层(40)作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在支撑体(80)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,具体而言,涉及通过在除去了剥离层的状态下将粘合面粘贴在支撑体上而能够将自身的一部分作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在支撑体上的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体。
背景技术
近年来,作为用于声学设备或用于消音的扬声器,有时采用使用了压电膜的扬声器(以下,有时称为压电扬声器)。压电扬声器具有体积小且重量轻的优点。
在专利文献1中记载了压电扬声器的一例。具体而言,专利文献1中记载了通过胶粘剂将压电扬声器粘贴在作为支撑体的木板上。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平6-236189号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2016-122187号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
在将压电扬声器粘贴在支撑体上的情况下,可以考虑进行如下操作:在压电扬声器或支撑体上涂布胶粘剂,然后经由胶粘剂将压电扬声器粘贴在支撑体上。但是,这样的操作会成为操作者的负担。
另外,在将压电膜粘贴在支撑体上的情况下,根据支撑体的不同,有时不易发出可听音域中的低频侧的声音。
本发明的目的在于通过缓和或消除这些问题,提供一种用于形成能够粘贴使用的压电扬声器的、方便且其特性不易受支撑体限制的物品。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明提供一种用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体具有:压电膜、粘合面、中间层、和与所述粘合面接合的剥离层,所述中间层为配置在所述压电膜和所述粘合面之间的多孔层和/或树脂层,
所述粘合面以在俯视图中观察所述压电膜时所述压电膜的至少一部分与所述粘合面重叠的方式配置,并且
通过在除去了所述剥离层的状态下将所述粘合面粘贴在支撑体上,能够将所述压电膜和所述中间层作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在所述支撑体上。
发明效果
上述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体以如下方式构成:通过除去剥离层后将粘合面粘贴在支撑体上,能够将压电膜和中间层作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在支撑体上。除去剥离层后将粘合面粘贴在支撑体上的操作对于操作者而言负担小。
另外,在上述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体中,中间层配置在压电膜与粘合面之间。因此,当将粘合面粘贴在支撑体上时,中间层配置在压电膜和支撑体之间。此外,中间层为多孔层和/或树脂层。这样的中间层的配置和材质适合于防止由于支撑体而使得不易从压电扬声器发出可听音域中的低频侧的声音。
出于上述理由,根据本发明,能够实现能够粘贴使用的压电扬声器这一概念,并且能够提供一种方便且其特性不易受支撑体限制的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体。
附图说明
图1为用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体的与厚度方向平行的截面的剖视图。
图2为从与剥离层相反的一侧观察用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体时的俯视图。
图3为用于说明将压电扬声器固定在支撑体上的结构的图。
图4为表示用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体的卷绕体的图。
图5为表示另一实施方式所涉及的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体的图。
图6为用于说明用于测定样品的结构的图。
图7为用于说明用于测定样品的结构的图。
图8为输出***的框图。
图9为评价***的框图。
图10A为表示样品的评价结果的表。
图10B为表示样品的评价结果的表。
图11为表示中间层的约束度与开始发出声音的频率之间的关系的图。
图12为表示实施例1的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图13为表示实施例2的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图14为表示实施例3的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图15为表示实施例4的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图16为表示实施例5的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图17为表示实施例6的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图18为表示实施例7的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图19为表示实施例8的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图20为表示实施例9的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图21为表示实施例10的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图22为表示实施例11的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图23为表示实施例12的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图24为表示实施例13的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图25为表示实施例14的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图26为表示实施例15的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图27为表示实施例16的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图28为表示实施例17的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图29为表示参考例1的样品的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图30为表示背景噪声的声压水平的频率特性的图。
图31为用于说明压电膜的支撑结构的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明,但是以下仅是本发明的实施方式的例示,并不旨在限制本发明。
[第一实施方式]
使用图1和图2对第一实施方式所涉及的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体进行说明。用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体10具有:压电膜35、粘合面17、中间层40和剥离层20。另外,层叠体10具有粘合层51,并且粘合面17由粘合层51的表面(主面)形成。层叠体10还具有粘合层或胶粘层52(以下有时简称为粘合层52)。压电膜35包含压电体30、电极61和电极62。剥离层20、粘合层51、中间层40、粘合层52和压电膜35依次层叠。
以下,有时将粘合层51称为第一粘合层51,将粘合层52称为第二粘合层52,将电极61称为第一电极61,将电极62称为第二电极62。
压电体30具有膜形状。压电体30通过施加电压而振动。作为压电体30,可以使用陶瓷膜、树脂膜等。作为是陶瓷膜的压电体30的材料,可以列举:锆酸铅、锆钛酸铅、锆钛酸铅镧、钛酸钡、Bi层状化合物、钨青铜结构化合物、钛酸钡与铁酸铋的固溶体等。作为是树脂膜的压电体30的材料,可以列举:聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乳酸等。作为树脂膜的压电体30的材料也可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃。另外,压电体30可以是无孔体,也可以是多孔体。
压电体30的厚度例如在10μm~300μm的范围内,也可以在30μm~110μm的范围内。
第一电极61和第二电极62以将压电体30夹在第一电极61和第二电极62之间的方式与压电体30接触。第一电极61和第二电极62具有膜形状。第一电极61和第二电极62各自与未图示的引线连接。第一电极61和第二电极62可以通过蒸镀、电镀、溅射等形成在压电体30上。作为第一电极61和第二电极62,也可以使用金属箔。金属箔可以通过双面胶带、粘合剂、胶粘剂等粘贴在压电体30上。作为第一电极61和第二电极62的材料,可以列举金属,具体而言,可以列举:金、铂、银、铜、钯、铬、钼、铁、锡、铝、镍等。作为第一电极61和第二电极62的材料,也可以列举:碳、导电聚合物等。作为第一电极61和第二电极62的材料,也可以列举上述材料的合金。第一电极61和第二电极62也可以包含玻璃成分等。
第一电极61和第二电极62的厚度各自例如在10nm~150μm的范围内,也可以在20nm~100μm的范围内。
在图1和图2的例子中,第一电极61覆盖压电体30的整个一个主面。但是,第一电极61也可以仅覆盖压电体30的该一个主面的一部分。第二电极62覆盖压电体30的整个另一个主面。但是,第二电极62也可以仅覆盖压电体30的该另一个主面的一部分。
中间层40配置在压电膜35和粘合面17之间。在本实施方式中,中间层40配置在压电膜35和第一粘合层51之间。中间层40可以是除胶粘层和粘合层以外的层,也可以是胶粘层或粘合层。中间层40为多孔层和/或树脂层。在此,树脂层为包含橡胶层和弹性体层的概念,因此作为树脂层的中间层40也可以是橡胶层或弹性体层。作为是树脂层的中间层40,可以列举:乙丙橡胶层、丁基橡胶层、丁腈橡胶层、天然橡胶层、丁苯橡胶层、聚硅氧烷层、聚氨酯层、丙烯酸类树脂层等。作为是多孔层的中间层40,可以列举发泡体层等。具体而言,作为是多孔层和树脂层的中间层40,可以列举:乙丙橡胶发泡体层、丁基橡胶发泡体层、丁腈橡胶发泡体层、天然橡胶发泡体层、丁苯橡胶发泡体层、聚硅氧烷发泡体层、聚氨酯发泡体层等。作为不是多孔层而是树脂层的中间层40,可以列举丙烯酸类树脂层等。作为不是树脂层而是多孔层的中间层40,可以列举金属多孔层等。在此,树脂层是指含有树脂的层,是指可以含有30%以上的树脂、可以含有45%以上的树脂、可以含有60%以上的树脂、可以含有80%以上的树脂的层。对于橡胶层、弹性体层、乙丙橡胶层、丁基橡胶层、丁腈橡胶层、天然橡胶层、丁苯橡胶层、聚硅氧烷层、聚氨酯层、丙烯酸类树脂层、金属层、树脂膜、陶瓷膜等也同样。中间层40也可以是两种以上的材料的共混层。
中间层40的弹性模量例如为10000N/m2~20000000N/m2,也可以为20000N/m2~100000N/m2。
在一个例子中,作为多孔层的中间层40的孔径为0.1mm~7.0mm,也可以为0.3mm~5.0mm。在另一个例子中,作为多孔层的中间层40的孔径例如为0.1mm~2.5mm,也可以为0.2mm~1.5mm,还可以为0.3mm~0.7mm。作为多孔层的中间层40的孔隙率例如为70%~99%,也可以为80%~99%,还可以为90%~95%。
作为是发泡体层的中间层40,可以利用公知的发泡体(例如,可以利用专利文献2的发泡体)。作为发泡体层的中间层40可以具有连续气泡结构,也可以具有独立气泡结构,还可以具有半独立半连续的气泡结构。连续气泡结构指连续气泡率为100%的结构。独立气泡结构是指连续气泡率为0%的结构。半独立半连续的气泡结构是指连续气泡率大于0%且小于100%的结构。在此,连续气泡率例如可以通过进行将发泡体层浸入水中的试验并使用公式:连续气泡率(%)={(所吸收的水的体积)/(气泡部分体积)}×100计算。在一个具体例子中,“所吸收的水的体积”通过如下方式得到:将发泡体层浸入水中,在-750mmHg的减压下放置3分钟,然后测定与发泡体层的气泡中的空气置换的水的质量,将水的密度设为1.0g/cm3并换算为体积。“气泡部分体积”是使用公式:气泡部分体积(cm3)={(发泡体层的质量)/(发泡体层的表观密度)}-{(发泡体层的质量)/(材料密度)}计算的值。“材料密度”是形成发泡体层的基材(实心体)的密度。
作为发泡体层的中间层40的发泡倍率(发泡前后的密度比)例如为5倍~40倍,也可以为10倍~40倍。
非压缩状态下的中间层40的厚度例如在0.1mm~30mm的范围内,也可以在1mm~30mm的范围内,还可以在1.5mm~30mm的范围内,还可以在2mm~25mm的范围内。典型地,在非压缩状态下,中间层40比压电膜35厚。在非压缩状态下,中间层40的厚度相对于压电膜35的厚度的比率例如为3倍以上,也可以为10倍以上,还可以为30倍以上。另外,典型地,在非压缩状态下,中间层40比第一粘合层51厚。
由第一粘合层51的表面形成粘合面17。第一粘合层51(粘合面17)配置在剥离层20和中间层40之间。具体而言,第一粘合层51与剥离层20和中间层40接合。作为第一粘合层51,可以列举具有基材和涂布在基材两面的粘合剂的双面胶带。作为用作第一粘合层51的双面胶带的基材,可以列举无纺布等。作为用作第一粘合层51的双面胶带的粘合剂,可以列举含有丙烯酸类树脂的粘合剂等。但是,第一粘合层51也可以是不具有基材的粘合剂层。
第一粘合层51的厚度例如为0.01mm~1.0mm,也可以为0.05mm~0.5mm。
第二粘合层52配置在中间层40和压电膜35之间。具体而言,第二粘合层52与中间层40和压电膜35接合。作为第二粘合层52,可以列举具有基材和涂布在基材两面的粘合剂的双面胶带。作为用作第二粘合层52的双面胶带的基材,可以列举无纺布等。作为用作第二粘合层52的双面胶带的粘合剂,可以列举含有丙烯酸类树脂的粘合剂等。但是,第二粘合层52也可以是不具有基材的粘合剂层。
第二粘合层52的厚度例如为0.01mm~1.0mm,也可以为0.05mm~0.5mm。
在本实施方式中,通过胶粘面或粘合面与压电膜35接触而使压电膜35与粘合面17一侧的层一体化。具体而言,在本实施方式中,该胶粘面或粘合面是由第二粘合层或胶粘层52的表面形成的面。
剥离层20与粘合面17接合。在该例中,剥离层20与第一粘合层51接合。典型地,剥离层20覆盖第一粘合层51的剥离层20一侧的整个主面。作为剥离层20,可以列举具有膜和涂布在该膜的第一粘合层51一侧的主面上的剥离剂的剥离层。作为剥离层20的膜,可以列举:纸、树脂膜等。作为剥离层20的剥离剂,可以列举:具有长链烷基的聚合物、含有氟原子的化合物或聚合物、聚硅氧烷类聚合物等。
由图1和图3可以理解,通过在除去了剥离层20的状态下将粘合面17粘贴在支撑体80上,能够将压电膜35和中间层40作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在支撑体80上。这样的粘贴操作对于操作者而言负担小。
在该固定状态下,通过引线将电压施加在压电膜35上。由此,压电膜35振动,从压电膜35发出声音。在图3的例子中,支撑体80具有平面,在该平面上固定有压电扬声器,压电膜35以平面状展开。从使从压电膜35发射的声波接***面波的观点考虑,该方式是有利的。但是,在支撑体80具有弯曲面的情况下,也可以将压电扬声器固定在该弯曲面上。
典型地,支撑体80的与粘合面17相对的面的面积大于等于粘合面17的面积。支撑体80的与粘合面17相对的面的面积为粘合面17的面积的例如1.0倍以上,也可以为1.5倍以上,还可以为5倍以上。典型地,与中间层40相比,支撑体80具有较大的刚性(杨氏模量与截面惯性矩之积)、较大的杨氏模量和/或较大的厚度。但是,支撑体80也可以具有与中间层40相同的刚性、杨氏模量和/或厚度,还可以具有比中间层40小的刚性、杨氏模量和/或厚度。支撑体80的杨氏模量例如为1GPa以上,也可以为10GPa以上,还可以为50GPa以上。支撑体80的杨氏模量的上限没有特别限制,例如为1000GPa。由于可以利用各种物品作为支撑体80,因此难以规定其厚度的范围,但是支撑体80的厚度例如为0.1mm以上,也可以为1mm以上,还可以为10mm以上,还可以为50mm以上。支撑体80的厚度的上限没有特别限制,例如为1m。典型地,不管压电扬声器10如何,支撑体80的位置和/或形状都是固定的。典型地,支撑体80是设想不弯曲而制作的支撑体。
需要说明的是,可能有时支撑体80具有板状部和从该板状部沿其厚度方向突出的基座部。在这样的情况下,当在除去了剥离层20的状态下将粘合面17粘贴在基座部上时,可能有时压电膜35、中间层40和基座部作为压电扬声器起作用。这是将压电膜35和中间层40作为压电扬声器的一部分固定在支撑体80上的方式的一例。需要说明的是,可以考虑板状部的材质与基座部的材质相同的情况和不同的情况。
固定在支撑体80上的压电扬声器可以作为声学用扬声器使用,也可以作为消音用扬声器使用。
进一步对本实施方式所涉及的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体10进行说明。
如图3所示,在将第一粘合层51粘贴在支撑体80上时,中间层40配置在压电膜35和支撑体80之间。另外,中间层40为多孔层和/或树脂层。这样的中间层40的配置和材质适合于防止由于支撑体80而使得不能从压电扬声器发出可听音域中的低频侧的声音。
关于作用的详细情况,需要等待今后的研究,但是有可能通过利用中间层40适度地约束压电膜35的一个主面而使得容易从压电膜35产生可听音域中的低频侧的声音。考虑到这一点,在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,可以在压电膜35的面积的25%以上的区域中配置中间层40。在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,也可以在压电膜35的面积的50%以上的区域中配置中间层40,还可以在压电膜35的面积的75%以上的区域中配置中间层40,还可以在压电膜35的整个区域中配置中间层40。另外,可以由压电膜35构成用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体10的与剥离层20相反侧的主面15的50%以上。也可以由压电膜35构成主面15的75%以上,还可以由压电膜35构成整个主面15。
在本实施方式中,通过第二粘合层52防止了压电膜35与中间层40的分离。从上述的“适度地约束”的观点考虑,在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,可以在压电膜35的面积的25%以上的区域中配置第二粘合层52和中间层40。在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,也可以在压电膜35的面积的50%以上的区域中配置第二粘合层52和中间层40,还可以在压电膜35的面积的75%以上的区域中配置第二粘合层52和中间层40,还可以在压电膜35的整个区域中配置第二粘合层52和中间层40。
在此,在中间层40为多孔体的情况下,配置中间层40的区域的比率不是从考虑该多孔结构所产生的孔的微观的观点,而是从更宏观的观点来规定的。例如,在压电膜35、作为多孔体的中间层40和第二粘合层52为在俯视图中具有共同轮廓的板状体的情况下,表示为在压电膜35的面积的100%的区域中配置有第二粘合层52和中间层40。
在本实施方式中,中间层40的约束度为5×109N/m3以下。中间层40的约束度例如为1×104N/m3以上。中间层40的约束度优选为5×108N/m3以下,更优选为2×108N/m3以下,进一步优选为1×105N/m3~5×107N/m3。在此,中间层40的约束度(N/m3)是如下式所示通过中间层40的弹性模量(N/m2)与中间层40的表面填充率之积除以中间层40的厚度(m)而得到的值。中间层40的表面填充率是中间层40的压电膜35一侧的主面的填充率(1减去孔隙率而得到的值)。在中间层40的孔均匀分布的情况下,表面填充率可以视为与中间层40的三维填充率相等。
约束度(N/m3)=弹性模量(N/m2)×表面填充率÷厚度(m)
约束度可以认为是表示由中间层40产生的压电膜35的约束程度的参数。由上式所示,中间层40的弹性模量越大,则约束程度越大。由上式所示,中间层40的表面填充率越大,则约束程度越大。由上式所示,中间层40的厚度越小,则约束程度越大。关于中间层40的约束度与从压电膜35产生的声音之间的关系,需要等待今后的研究,但是在约束度过大的情况下,有可能阻碍发出低频侧的声音所需要的压电膜35的变形。相反,在约束度过小的情况下,有可能压电膜35在其厚度方向上未充分变形,而仅在其面内方向(与厚度方向垂直的方向)上伸缩,从而阻碍低频侧的声音的产生。可以认为,通过将中间层40的约束度设定在适当的范围内,将压电膜35的面内方向的伸缩适度地转换为厚度方向的变形,压电膜35整体适当地弯曲,从而容易产生低频侧的声音。
根据上述说明可以理解,在压电膜35和粘合面17之间可以存在与中间层40不同的层。该不同的层例如为第二粘合层52。
支撑体80可以具有比中间层40大的约束度。即使在该情况下,通过中间层40的作用,也能够从压电膜35产生低频侧的声音。但是,支撑体80也可以具有与中间层40相同的约束度,还可以具有比中间层40小的约束度。在此,支撑体80的约束度(N/m3)是通过支撑体80的弹性模量(N/m2)与支撑体80的表面填充率之积除以支撑体80的厚度(m)而得到的值。支撑体80的表面填充率是支撑体80的压电膜35一侧的主面的填充率(1减去孔隙率而得到的值)。
粘合面17以在俯视图中观察压电膜35时压电膜35的至少一部分与第一粘合层51重叠的方式配置。从将压电扬声器稳定地固定在支撑体80上的观点考虑,在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,可以在压电膜35的面积的50%以上的区域中配置粘合面17。在俯视图中观察压电膜35时,也可以在压电膜35的面积的75%以上的区域中配置粘合面17,还可以在压电膜35的整个区域中配置粘合面17。
在本实施方式中,存在于压电膜35和粘合面17之间且彼此邻接的层接合在一起。在此,“压电膜35和粘合面17之间”包含压电膜35和粘合面17。具体而言,第一粘合层51与中间层40接合,中间层40与第二粘合层52接合,并且第二粘合层52与压电膜35接合。因此,不管在支撑体80上的安装形态如何,都能够稳定地配置压电膜35,而且容易安装到支撑体80上。此外,通过中间层40的作用,不管安装形态如何,都能够从压电膜35发出声音。因此,在本实施方式中,它们相互结合而实现了使用方便的压电扬声器。需要说明的是,“彼此邻接的层接合在一起”是指彼此邻接的层整体或部分地接合在一起。在图示的例子中,在沿压电膜35的厚度方向延伸并依次通过压电膜35、中间层40和粘合面17的规定区域中,彼此邻接的层接合在一起。
在本实施方式中,压电膜35、中间层40和剥离层20各自的厚度实质上是恒定的。多数情况下这从用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体10的保存、使用方便、从压电膜35发出的声音的控制等各种观点考虑是有利的。在图4示出的一个具体例子中,层叠体10具有带状体的形状,并且具有沿带状体的长度方向卷绕而成的卷绕体90的形态(在图4中,围绕芯材95卷绕有层叠体10,并且从卷绕体90拉出层叠体10的一部分)。通过如上所述厚度实质上是恒定的,容易实现这样的形态。需要说明的是,“厚度实质上是恒定的”例如是指厚度的最小值为厚度的最大值的70%以上且100%以下。压电膜35、中间层40和剥离层20各自的厚度的最小值可以为各自的厚度的最大值的85%以上且100%以下。
顺便说一下,与陶瓷等相比,树脂是不易产生裂纹的材料。在一个具体例子中,压电膜35的压电体30为树脂膜,并且中间层40为不起作为压电膜的作用的树脂层。这样的方式从利用剪刀、人手等切断用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体10而不在压电体30或中间层40中产生裂纹的观点考虑是有利的。另外,如果是这样的方式,则即使弯曲层叠体10,在压电体30或中间层40中也不易产生裂纹。这在构成如上所述的卷绕体的情况下是有利的。另外,从在弯曲面上构成压电扬声器而不在压电体30或中间层40中产生裂纹的观点考虑,压电体30为树脂膜且中间层40为树脂层是有利的。
在图1和图3的例子中,压电膜35、中间层40、第一粘合层51和第二粘合层52具有非分割且非框状的板状形状,并且在俯视图中轮廓一致。但是,它们的一部分或全部可以具有框状形状,或者它们的一部分或全部可以被分割为多个,或者它们的轮廓可以不一致。
在图1和图3的例子中,压电膜35、中间层40、第一粘合层51和第二粘合层52是在俯视图中具有短边方向和长边方向的长方形。但是,它们也可以是正方形、圆形、椭圆形等。
另外,用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体也可以包含除图1所示的层以外的层。
[第二实施方式]
以下,利用图5对第二实施方式所涉及的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体110进行说明。以下,关于与第一实施方式相同的部分,有时省略说明。
用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体110具有压电膜35、粘合面117、中间层140和剥离层20。中间层140配置在压电膜35和粘合面117之间(在此,“之间”包含粘合面117。对于第一实施方式也同样)。具体而言,中间层140为粘合层,并且粘合面117由中间层140的表面(主面)形成。剥离层20、中间层140和压电膜35依次层叠。
中间层140为多孔层和/或树脂层。作为中间层140,可以使用含有丙烯酸类树脂的粘合剂。作为中间层140,也可以使用其它粘合剂,例如包含橡胶、聚硅氧烷或聚氨酯的粘合剂。中间层140也可以是两种以上的材料的共混层。
中间层140的弹性模量例如为10000N/m2~20000000N/m2,也可以为20000N/m2~100000N/m2。
非压缩状态下的中间层140的厚度例如在0.1mm~30mm的范围内,也可以在1mm~30mm的范围内,还可以在1.5mm~30mm的范围内,还可以在2mm~25mm的范围内。典型地,在非压缩状态下,中间层140比压电膜35厚。在非压缩状态下,中间层140的厚度相对于压电膜35的厚度的比率例如为3倍以上,也可以为10倍以上,还可以为30倍以上。
在本实施方式中,中间层140约束度为5×109N/m3以下。中间层140的约束度例如为1×104N/m3以上。中间层140的约束度优选为5×108N/m3以下,更优选为2×108N/m3以下,进一步优选为1×105N/m3~5×107N/m3。约束度的定义如前述所说明的。
在本实施方式中,通过胶粘面或粘合面与压电膜35接触而使压电膜35与粘合面117一侧的层一体化。具体而言,在本实施方式中,该胶粘面或粘合面是由中间层140形成的面。
对于层叠体110,也能够通过在除去了剥离层20的状态下将粘合面117粘贴在图3的支撑体80上,将压电膜35和中间层140作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在支撑体80上。
实施例
通过实施例对本发明详细地进行说明。但是,以下的实施例示出本发明的一例,本发明不限定于以下的实施例。
(实施例1)
从依次层叠有剥离层20、第一粘合层51、中间层40、第二粘合层52和压电膜35的层叠体中除去剥离层20,并通过第一粘合层51粘贴在固定的支撑体80上。由此,制作了图3所示的结构。具体而言,作为支撑体80,使用厚度为5mm的不锈钢平板(SUS平板)。作为第一粘合层51,使用在无纺布的两面浸渗有丙烯酸类粘合剂的厚度为0.16mm的粘合片(双面胶带)。作为中间层40,使用将含有乙丙橡胶和丁基橡胶的混合物以约10倍的发泡倍率发泡而得到的厚度为3mm的独立气泡型发泡体。作为第二粘合层52,使用基材为无纺布并在该基材的两面上涂布了无溶剂型的含有丙烯酸类树脂的粘合剂的厚度为0.15mm的粘合片(双面胶带)。作为压电膜35,使用在两面上蒸镀有铜电极(包含镍)的聚偏二氟乙烯膜(总厚度为33μm)。实施例1的第一粘合层51、中间层40、第二粘合层52和压电膜35在俯视图中具有纵向37.5mm×横向37.5mm的尺寸,并且在俯视图中具有轮廓重叠的非分割且非框状的板状形状(在后述的实施例和参考例中也同样)。支撑体80在俯视图中具有纵向50mm×横向50mm的尺寸,并且完全覆盖第一粘合层51。以这样的方式制作了具有图3所示的结构的实施例1的样品。
(实施例2)
作为中间层40,使用将含有乙丙橡胶的混合物以约10倍的发泡倍率发泡而得到的厚度为3mm的半独立半连续气泡型发泡体。该发泡体为含有硫的发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例2的样品。
(实施例3)
在实施例3中,作为中间层40,使用与实施例2的中间层40的材料相同且结构相同的厚度为5mm的发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例2同样的方式制作了实施例3的样品。
(实施例4)
在实施例4中,作为中间层40,使用与实施例2的中间层40的材料相同且结构相同的厚度为10mm的发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例2同样的方式制作了实施例4的样品。
(实施例5)
在实施例5中,作为中间层40,使用与实施例2的中间层40的材料相同且结构相同的厚度为20mm的发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例2同样的方式制作了实施例5的样品。
(实施例6)
作为中间层40,使用将含有乙丙橡胶的混合物以约10倍的发泡倍率发泡而得到的厚度为20mm的半独立半连续气泡型发泡体。该发泡体为不含硫的发泡体,与用作实施例2~5的中间层40的发泡体相比更柔软。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例6的样品。
(实施例7)
作为中间层40,使用将含有乙丙橡胶的混合物以约20倍的发泡倍率发泡而得到的、厚度为20mm的半独立半连续气泡型发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例7的样品。
(实施例8)
作为中间层40,使用金属多孔体。该金属多孔体是材料为镍、孔径为0.9mm且厚度为2.0mm的金属多孔体。作为第二粘合层52,使用与实施例1的第一粘合层51相同的粘合层。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例8的样品。
(实施例9)
省略实施例1的第一粘合层51和第二粘合层52,在压电膜35和支撑体80之间仅存在中间层140。作为中间层140,使用由丙烯酸类粘合剂构成的厚度为3mm的无基材粘合片。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例9的样品,所述样品具有将从图5的层叠体110上剥离剥离层20后的层叠体安装在图3的支撑体80上的结构。
(实施例10)
作为中间层40,使用与实施例9的中间层140相同的中间层。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例10的样品。
(实施例11)
作为中间层40,使用厚度为5mm的聚氨酯泡沫。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例11的样品。
(实施例12)
作为中间层40,使用厚度为10mm的聚氨酯泡沫。该聚氨酯泡沫的孔径比用作实施例11的中间层40的聚氨酯泡沫小。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例12的样品。
(实施例13)
作为中间层40,使用厚度为5mm的独立气泡型丁腈橡胶发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例13的样品。
(实施例14)
作为中间层40,使用厚度为5mm的独立气泡型乙丙橡胶发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例14的样品。
(实施例15)
作为中间层40,使用将天然橡胶和丁苯橡胶共混而成的厚度为5mm的独立气泡型发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例15的样品。
(实施例16)
作为中间层40,使用厚度为5mm的独立气泡型聚硅氧烷发泡体。除此之外,以与实施例8同样的方式制作了实施例16的样品。
(实施例17)
作为中间层40,使用与实施例1的中间层40的材料相同且结构相同的厚度为10mm的发泡体。作为第二粘合层52,使用与实施例1相同的粘合片。作为压电膜35的压电体30,使用厚度为35μm的以来源于玉米的聚乳酸作为主要原料的树脂片。压电膜35的第一电极61和第二电极62各自为厚度为0.1μm的铝膜并且通过蒸镀而形成。以这样的方式得到了总厚度为35.2μm的压电膜35。除此之外,以与实施例1同样的方式制作了实施例17的样品。
(参考例1)
将实施例1的压电膜35作为参考例1的样品。在参考例1中,将样品放置在与地面平行的台上而不胶粘。
实施例和参考例所涉及的样品的评价方法如下所述。
<中间层的厚度(非压缩状态)>
中间层的厚度使用测厚仪测定。
<中间层的弹性模量>
从中间层中切出小片。对于所切出的小片,使用拉伸试验机(TA Instruments公司制造的“RSA-G2”)在常温下进行压缩试验。由此得到了应力-应变曲线。根据应力-应变曲线的初始斜率计算出弹性模量。
<中间层的孔径>
利用显微镜得到了中间层的放大图像。通过对该放大图像进行图像分析而求出了中间层的孔径的平均值。将所求出的平均值作为中间层的孔径。
<中间层的孔隙率>
从中间层中切出长方体的小片。根据所切出的小片的体积和质量求出表观密度。表观密度除以形成中间层的基材(实心体)的密度。由此计算出填充率。然后,1减去填充率。由此得到了孔隙率。
<中间层的表面填充率>
对于实施例2~16,将上述填充率作为表面填充率。在实施例1和17中,由于中间层具有表层,因此将表面填充率设为100%。
<样品的声压水平的频率特性>
在图6中示出用于测定实施例1~8和10~17的样品的结构。在压电膜35的两面的角部安装有厚度为70μm、纵向5mm×横向70mm的导电铜箔胶带70(3M公司制造的CU-35C)。另外,在这些导电铜箔胶带70上分别安装有线夹(みのむしクリップ)75。导电铜箔胶带70和线夹75构成用于对压电膜35施加交流电压的电路的一部分。
在图7中示出用于测定实施例9的样品的结构。在图7的结构中不具有图6的第一粘合层51和第二粘合层52。在图7的结构中具有中间层140。
用于测定参考例1的样品的结构为仿照图6和图7的结构。具体而言,仿照图6和图7,在压电膜35的两面的角部安装有导电铜箔胶带70,并且在这些导电铜箔胶带70上安装有线夹75。将以这样的方式得到的组件放置在与地面平行的台上而不胶粘。
在图8和图9中示出用于测定样品的声学特性的框图。具体而言,图8示出输出***,图9示出评价***。
在图8所示的输出***中,将声音输出用个人计算机(以下有时将个人计算机简称为PC)401、音频接口402、扬声器放大器403和样品404(实施例和参考例的压电扬声器)依次连接。还将扬声器放大器403与示波器405连接以使得能够确认从扬声器放大器403到样品404的输出。
在声音输出用PC 401中安装有WaveGene。WaveGene是用于产生测试用声音信号的免费软件。作为音频接口402,使用罗兰株式会社制造的QUAD-CAPTURE。音频接口402的采样频率设定为192kHz。作为扬声器放大器403,使用安桥株式会社制造的A-924。作为示波器405,使用泰克公司制造的DPO2024。
在图9所示的评价***中,将麦克风501、声学评价装置(PULSE)502和声学评价用PC 503依次连接。
作为麦克风501,使用B&K公司制造的Type4939-C-002。麦克风501配置在距离样品404 1m的位置处。作为声学评价装置502,使用B&K公司制造的Type3052-A-030。
以这样的方式构成输出***和评价***,并且从声音输出用PC401经由音频接口402和扬声器放大器403对样品404施加交流电压。具体而言,使用声音输出用PC 401产生在20秒内频率从100Hz扫描至100kHz的测试用声音信号。此时,通过示波器405确认了从扬声器放大器403输出的电压。另外,利用评价***评价了从样品404产生的声音。以这样的方式进行了声压频率特性测定试验。
输出***和评价***的设定的详细情况如下所述。
[输出***的设定]
频率范围:100Hz~100kHz
扫描时间:20秒
有效电压:10V
输出波形:正弦波
[评价***的设定]
测定时间:22秒
峰值保持
测定范围:4Hz~102.4kHz
线数:6400
<开始发出声音的频率的判断>
将声压水平比背景噪声高3dB以上的频率范围(不包括声压水平保持在背景噪声+3dB以上的频率范围不满足峰值频率(声压水平达到峰值的频率)的±10%这样的陡峭的峰部)的下端判断为开始发出声音的频率。
在图10A~图29中示出实施例1~17和参考例1的评价结果。在图30中示出背景噪声的声压水平的频率特性。需要说明的是,在图11中,E1~E17对应于实施例1~17。
[压电膜的支撑结构和振动的自由度]
回到图3,参照本发明的压电扬声器的支撑结构的一例。在压电扬声器10中,压电膜35的整个面通过粘合层51、52和中间层40固定在支撑体80上。
为了使得压电膜35的振动不受到支撑体80阻碍,也可以考虑通过支撑压电膜35的一部分而使其与支撑体80隔开。在图31中例示了基于这种设计构思的支撑结构。在图31所示的假想的压电扬声器108中,框架88在远离支撑体80的位置处支撑压电膜35的周缘部。
预先向一侧弯曲且弯曲方向固定的压电膜容易确保足够的音量。因此,可以考虑例如在压电扬声器108中,在由压电膜35、框架88和支撑体80包围的空间48中配置上表面为凸面且厚度非恒定的间隔物,从而将压电膜35的中央部顶向上方。但是,这样的间隔物不与压电膜35接合以使得不会阻碍压电膜35的振动。因此,即使在空间48中配置了间隔物,以规定其振动的方式支撑压电膜35的仅为框架88。
如上所述,在图31所示的压电扬声器108中,采用了压电膜35的局部的支撑结构。与此相对,如图3所示,在压电扬声器10中,压电膜35未被特定的部分支撑。令人意外的是,虽然将压电膜35的整个面固定在支撑体80上,但是压电扬声器10表现出实用的声学特性。具体而言,在压电扬声器10中,直到压电膜35的周缘部都能够上下振动。压电膜35其整体也能够上下振动。因此,与压电扬声器108相比,压电扬声器10的振动自由度高,对于实现良好的发声特性是相对有利的。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体具有:压电膜、粘合面、中间层、和与所述粘合面接合的剥离层,所述中间层为配置在所述压电膜和所述粘合面之间的多孔层和/或树脂层,
所述粘合面以在俯视图中观察所述压电膜时所述压电膜的至少一部分与所述粘合面重叠的方式配置,并且
通过在除去了所述剥离层的状态下将所述粘合面粘贴在支撑体上,能够将所述压电膜和所述中间层作为压电扬声器或其一部分固定在所述支撑体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,在俯视图中观察所述压电膜时,在所述压电膜的面积的50%以上的区域中配置有所述粘合面。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述压电膜、所述中间层和所述剥离层各自的厚度实质上是恒定的。
4.如权利要求3所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体具有带状体的形状,并且
所述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体具有沿所述带状体的长度方向卷绕而成的卷绕体的形态。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述压电膜的压电体为树脂膜,并且
所述中间层为不起作为压电膜的作用的树脂层。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体的与所述剥离层相反侧的主面的50%以上由所述压电膜构成。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,非压缩状态下的所述中间层的厚度在0.1mm~30mm的范围内。
8.如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,所述中间层为乙丙橡胶发泡体层。
9.如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的用于形成压电扬声器的层叠体,其中,存在于所述压电膜与所述粘合面之间且彼此邻接的层接合在一起,
在此,在所述压电膜与所述粘合面之间包含所述压电膜和所述粘合面。
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