CN111372748A - 挤出机与挤出机的模具 - Google Patents
挤出机与挤出机的模具 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种挤出机,其无需更换模具就可以适合于各种树脂、弹性体的生产。挤出机具有:工作缸,其被供给原料弹性体或者原料树脂、即原料物质;螺杆,其被驱动而在工作缸内旋转,以与工作缸共同处理原料物质;以及模具(5),其设置在工作缸的出口部,且将处理后的原料物质排出。模具(5)具有:第一平板(11),其具备至少一个第一贯通孔(13);以及第二平板(12),其具备至少一个第二贯通孔(14),第一平板(11)与第二平板(12)沿着工作缸的长轴(X1)彼此相邻配置,第一平板(11)与第二平板(12)中的至少一个能够相对于另一个平板相对移动,以能够使第一贯通孔(13)与第二贯通孔(14)重叠的重叠部的面积变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种挤出机,特别涉及一种用于挤出机的模具。
背景技术
通常,在具备螺杆的螺杆挤出机(以下简称为挤出机)中,使用具备用于将树脂、弹性体排出的贯通孔的模具。贯通孔的孔径、孔数匹配于挤出机的运转条件、从模具排出的树脂或弹性体的性状而选定(例如日本特开2010-184372号公报)。
由于在挤出机中处置各种原料物质,因此在需要贯通孔的孔径、孔数变更的情况下,每次都进行向具备适当的孔径以及孔数的模具的更换。然而,以往为了针对各种树脂、弹性体均获得稳定的排出状态,需要反复进行模具的更换,以选择具备与从模具排出的树脂、弹性体相适合的孔径以及孔数的模具。
本发明的目的在于提供一种无需更换模具就可以适用于各种树脂、弹性体的挤出机。
发明内容
本发明的挤出机具有:工作缸,其被供给原料弹性体或者原料树脂、即原料物质;螺杆,其被驱动而在工作缸内旋转,以与工作缸共同处理原料物质;以及模具,其设置在工作缸的出口部,且将处理的原料物质排出。模具具有:第一平板,其具备至少一个第一贯通孔;以及第二平板,其具备至少一个第二贯通孔。第一平板与第二平板沿着工作缸的长轴彼此相邻配置。第一平板与第二平板中的至少任一个能够相对于另一个平板相对移动,以能够使第一贯通孔与第二贯通孔重叠的重叠部的面积变化。
在本发明中,模具的开口(排出孔)形成为第一贯通孔与第二贯通孔重叠的重叠部。第一平板与第二平板中的至少任一个能够相对于另一个平板相对移动,以能够使重叠部的面积变化。因此,能够提供一种无需更换模具就可以适用于各种树脂、弹性体的挤出机。
附图说明
图1是本发明的挤出机的侧视图。
图2A是模具的剖视图。
图2B是模具的侧视图。
图2C是示出开口的各种开度的概念图。
图3是示出实施例中的流路面积相对于开口的开度的关系的图表。
图4是示出比较例中的流路面积相对于贯通孔的孔数的关系的图表。
图5A是示出比较例1中的贯通孔的配置的图。
图5B是示出比较例2中的贯通孔的配置的图。
图6是示出出口压力相对于流路面积的关系的图表。
图7是示出出口水分率相对于流路面积的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
以下,通过实施方式详细说明本发明的挤出机。以下所示的实施方式为本发明的一例,而并不限定本发明。实施方式将双轴挤出机作为对象,但是本发明还能够适用于单轴挤出机、多轴挤出机、单轴膨胀干燥机、螺杆式脱水机与膨胀干燥机的复合机等。
图1是本发明的一实施方式的双轴挤出机1的侧方图。双轴挤出机1具有工作缸2和被驱动而在工作缸2内旋转的两根螺杆3。两根螺杆3在工作缸2内与工作缸2的长轴X1平行地延伸。在工作缸2的一端附近形成有供给原料弹性体或者原料树脂(以下称为原料物质)的料斗部4。螺杆3一边输送原料物质一边混炼原料物质。在工作缸2的出口部设置有将处理后的原料物质排出的模具5。在模具5设置有将原料物质排出的开口6。能够通过模具5来调整在工作缸2的出口部处的原料物质的压力。在工作缸2的出口部的附近的侧壁设置有用于排放由原料物质产生的气体的通气口7。
图2A、2B示出了模具5的概要结构。图2A是模具的剖视图,图2B示出了从图2A的A方向观察到的侧视图。模具5具有与工作缸2同轴并且沿着工作缸2的长轴X1彼此相邻配置的第一平板11以及第二平板12。在本实施方式中,第一平板11以及第二平板12一起为同心的圆板。第一平板11面向工作缸2的内部空间,第二平板12面向工作缸2的外部。第一平板11以及第二平板12以沿着原料物质的流动方向即工作缸2的长轴X彼此重合的方式设置。
第一平板11具有多个第一贯通孔13。第二平板12具有多个第二贯通孔14。贯通孔13、14是形成模具的开口6的孔洞。贯通孔13、14的截面是圆形,但并不限定于此,也可以是四边形、六边形、椭圆形等。第一平板11的贯通孔13、14的个数以及配置与第二平板12的贯通孔13、14的个数以及配置相同。更加详细而言,在第一平板11上的与工作缸2同心的第一圆15上以90°间隔设置有四个第一贯通孔13,在第二平板12上的与工作缸2同心的第二圆16上以90°间隔设置有四个第二贯通孔14。第一圆15与第二圆16具有相同的直径,在从图2A的A方向观察时完全重合。
第一平板11能够通过未图示的旋转驱动机构而绕工作缸2的长轴X1旋转,第二平板12相对于工作缸2固定。在其他实施方式中,第一平板11相对于工作缸2固定,第二平板12能够通过未图示的旋转驱动机构而绕工作缸2的长轴X1旋转。或者也可以是第一平板11与第二平板12双方能够绕工作缸2的长轴X1旋转。在任一结构中,第一平板11与第二平板12中的至少任一个能够相对于另一个圆板绕工作缸2的长轴X1旋转。根据第一平板11与第二平板12的相对旋转角度,第一平板11的第一贯通孔13与第二平板12的第二贯通孔14重叠的重叠部、即开口6的面积发生变化。在图2C的上图中,第一平板11的第一贯通孔13与第二平板12的第二贯通孔14不重合,开口6的开度为0%。在图2C的中图中,第一平板11的第一贯通孔13与第二平板12的第二贯通孔14局部重合,开口6的开度为60%。在图2C的下图中,第一平板11的第一贯通孔13与第二平板12的第二贯通孔14进一步重合,开口6的开度为90%。通过调整第一平板11与第二平板12的旋转角度差,能够连续地设定开口6的开度。第一平板11或者第二平板12的可旋转范围设定为开口6的开度能够在0%(全闭)至100%(全开)的范围内调整。由于施加于原料物质的最佳压力根据原料物质的种类而不同,因此适当调整流路面积或者开口6的开度以得到最佳压力。
第一平板11以及第二平板12的形状并不限定于圆板,能够使用各种形状的平板。圆板的张数也不限定在如实施方式所示那样的两张。贯通孔的大小、配置也不限定于上述的实施方式。贯通孔也可以设置在多个同心圆上。只要流路面积或者开口6的开度能够通过第一平板11与第二平板12的相对移动来调整,则圆板也可以能够沿直线方向滑动。贯通孔的个数也不限定于上述的实施方式,只要分别在第一平板11与第二平板12上至少有一个即可。
接下来,对于实施例与比较例,比较开口的流路面积。实施例的模具与图2A、2B所示的模具相同。第一平板11、第二平板12均形成有四个φ15mm的贯通孔,且能够连续地调整开口的开度。比较例的模具根据所希望的流路面积来设置所需个数的φ4mm的贯通孔。图3示出了实施例中的流路面积相对于开口的开度的关系。开口的开度为旋转驱动机构的操作量,将完全关闭时的操作量设为0,并将完全打开时的操作量设为100,并且均衡分配。流路面积相对于开口的开度表现出二次曲线变化。图4示出了比较例中的流路面积相对于贯通孔的孔数的关系。流路面积相对于孔数呈比例关系。在实施例中,能够通过调整开度而得到所希望的流路面积,但在比较例中,只能得到等同于贯通孔的截面面积的整数倍的流路面积,从而有时只能得到近似于所希望的值的流路面积。
要求正确控制工作缸2的出口压力(工作缸2内的模具5的贯通孔入口附近的压力)。在出口压力较高的情况下,需要从螺杆顶端部至模具延长充满率较高的区域。因此,在原料物质在填充率较高的区域中移送期间,有可能原料物质的温度上升,从而原料物质劣化。在充满率较高的区域较长的情况下,有时原料物质也会从工作缸2的通气口7向***外漏出而必须使运转停止。另一方面,在出口压力过低的情况下,原料物质从模具的开口的排出变得不稳定。因此,有时容易产生排出不均匀,从而在后续的制粒(pellet)工序中树脂的成型变得不稳定。本实施方式由于连续地旋转两个平板中的任一个,因此能够正确地设定所希望的流路面积与出口压力。另外,也不需要如比较例那样为了得到所希望的流路面积而更换为孔数不同的模具。
进而,本发明的挤出机还能够优选应用于将含水热塑性树脂、含水弹性体等包含水分的原料物质脱水干燥的膨胀脱水机。在将包含水分的原料物质、例如含水热塑性树脂脱水干燥的情况下,与通常的熔融树脂不同,需要考虑由于蒸汽压而产生的树脂的流动性。在该情况下,出口压力的调整变得困难。例如在含水热塑性树脂中,当树脂温度在从螺杆顶端部至工作缸2的出口部的区域中上升时,水分变得容易蒸发。当包含蒸汽的熔融状态的原料物质由于蒸汽压而在短时间内从贯通孔喷出时,工作缸内部的原料物质的密度降低。之后,原料物质在工作缸内蓄积直至出口压力恢复,加压加热后的原料物质再次从模具喷出。这样,在间歇地使原料物质的喷出反复的过程中,挤出工序变得非常不稳定。另外,由于原料物质所保有的水分也同时喷出,因此排出的树脂的温度降低,排出后的树脂变得难以干燥。在选定适合于原料物质的模具的情况下,这些状态变化稳定地进行。然而,为了决定适合于原料物质的模具需要反复尝试各种模具,针对各种生产品种均决定最佳的模具是非常繁琐的。
在本实施方式中,由于开口6的开度能够连续地调整,因此能够根据通过模具的原料物质的性状来正确地调整出口压力。因此,能够稳定地挤出从模具排出的含水树脂或者含水弹性体。其结果是,从挤出机排出的树脂的残留水分率以及品质稳定。另外,由于原料物质从模具稳定排出,因此原料物质所保有的水分的蒸发、以及伴随于此的原料物质的冷却也稳定进行。因此,能够抑制树脂的劣化,并且还能够削减用于冷却的能量。
接下来,向株式会社日本制钢所制造的双轴挤出机TEX65αII安装实施例与比较例的模具,并进行含水树脂(水分率约50重量%)的混炼。在实施例的模具中,开口的开度设为5%(实施例1)以及100%(实施例2)。在比较例的模具中,贯通孔的孔数设为两个(比较例1)以及49个(比较例2)。比较例1与比较例2的贯通孔21的配置如图5A、5B所示。在实施例1、2,比较例1、2中,双轴挤出机的运转条件相同。在表1中示出了结果。在表中,出口水分率为从模具排出的树脂的残留水分率。在图6中示出了出口压力相对于流路面积的关系,在图7中示出了出口水分率相对于流路面积的关系。流路面积越小,出口压力越增加。这是由于流路面积缩窄,从而在模具的上游侧保持了较高的压力。比较例1与实施例1相比,在模具的上游侧没有充分地保持含水树脂的压力,因此模具内部的树脂温度降低,排出的树脂的残留水分也多于实施例1。在想要抑制从模具排出的树脂的残留水分的情况下,需要以较高的精度调整流路面积,因此可以优选使用能够进行流路面积的微调整的实施例的模具。
[表1]
【表1】
附图标记说明
1 脱水机
2 工作缸
3 螺杆
4 料斗部
5 模具
7 开口
11 第一平板
12 第二平板
13 第一贯通孔
14 第二贯通孔。
Claims (6)
1.一种挤出机,其中,
所述挤出机具有:
工作缸,其被供给原料弹性体或者原料树脂、即原料物质;
螺杆,其被驱动而在所述工作缸内旋转,以与所述工作缸共同处理所述原料物质;以及
模具,其设置在所述工作缸的出口部,且将处理后的所述原料物质排出,
所述模具具有:第一平板,其具备至少一个第一贯通孔;以及第二平板,其具备至少一个第二贯通孔,所述第一平板与所述第二平板沿着所述工作缸的长轴彼此相邻配置,所述第一平板与所述第二平板中的至少任一个能够相对于另一个平板相对移动,以能够使所述第一贯通孔与所述第二贯通孔重叠的重叠部的面积变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机,其中,
所述第一平板与所述第二平板中的至少任一个能够连续地变更相对于另一个所述平板的相对位置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出机,其中,
所述第一平板以及所述第二平板为同轴的圆板,所述第一平板与所述第二平板中的至少任一个能够绕所述第一平板以及所述第二平板的中心轴旋转。
4.根据权利要求3所述的挤出机,其中,
所述第一贯通孔和所述第二贯通孔配置在相同直径且与所述第一平板以及所述第二平板同心的圆上。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的挤出机,其中,
所述挤出机为膨胀干燥机。
6.一种模具,所述模具设置在挤出机的工作缸的出口部,所述挤出机具有:所述工作缸,其被供给原料弹性体或者原料树脂、即原料物质;以及螺杆,其被驱动而在所述工作缸内旋转,以与所述工作缸共同处理所述原料物质,所述模具将处理后的所述原料物质排出,其中,
所述模具具有:第一平板,其具备至少一个第一贯通孔;以及第二平板,其具备至少一个第二贯通孔,所述第一平板与所述第二平板沿着所述工作缸的长轴彼此相邻配置,所述第一平板与所述第二平板中的至少任一个能够相对于另一个平板相对移动,以能够使所述第一贯通孔与所述第二贯通孔重叠的重叠部的面积变化。
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