CN111371354B - Control method for output current and output power of wind driven generator and corresponding control device - Google Patents

Control method for output current and output power of wind driven generator and corresponding control device Download PDF

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CN111371354B
CN111371354B CN202010330193.2A CN202010330193A CN111371354B CN 111371354 B CN111371354 B CN 111371354B CN 202010330193 A CN202010330193 A CN 202010330193A CN 111371354 B CN111371354 B CN 111371354B
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output
driven generator
wind driven
power
current
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CN111371354A (en
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张为民
周一晨
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Hefei Win Power Co ltd
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Hefei Win Power Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/008Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a control method and a corresponding control device for output current and output power of a wind driven generator, wherein a three-phase output end of the wind driven generator is connected with a three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, the conduction and the disconnection of a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit are controlled by a PWM signal, and the control method for the output current of the wind driven generator comprises the following steps: acquiring output current of a three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit; and controlling the output current of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset current-limiting control algorithm. According to the output current control method of the wind driven generator, the output current of the wind driven generator can be effectively controlled through the current limiting algorithm only by acquiring the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit, and the wind driven generator and the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit are prevented from being damaged due to overhigh output current of the wind driven generator. The application simplifies a hardware circuit, reduces the manufacturing cost of equipment and simultaneously increases the reliability of products.

Description

Control method for output current and output power of wind driven generator and corresponding control device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation and electricity, and particularly relates to a control method and a control device for output current of a wind driven generator and a control method and a control device for output power of the wind driven generator.
Background
The wind power generation system machine side converter is used for converting alternating current output by the wind power generator into direct current, and the circuit topology of the machine side converter can be divided into the following components according to the components: the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit, the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit and the three-phase bridge type full-controlled rectifying circuit.
The output current of the wind driven generator needs to be controlled in the operation process of the wind driven generator so as to prevent overcurrent from damaging the wind driven generator and components in a circuit. As shown in fig. 1, in a wind turbine generator system in which a machine-side converter is a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit, when controlling an output current of a wind turbine generator, it is generally necessary to sample and obtain a three-phase output current I on the wind turbine generator sideU、IVAnd IWThen outputs the three-phase current IU、IV、IWAnd a set maximum current threshold ImaxAnd comparing, and if the maximum current threshold is exceeded, controlling the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit by sending a current limiting signal to limit the output current.
As shown in FIG. 2, the prior artThe control of the wind power generator output power in the operation at least needs to obtain the AC voltage U output by the wind power generator sideU、UV、UWAnd an alternating current IU、IV、IWAnd then obtaining a current reference value or a power reference value according to a voltage/current-power curve table of the wind driven generator, and controlling the output current or the output power of the wind driven generator according to the current reference value or the power reference value. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the ac voltage U output from the wind turbine side is obtainedU、UV、UWAC current IU、IV、IWAnd the rotating speed omega of the wind driven generator, and then the output power of the wind driven generator is controlled according to the rotating speed-power curve table of the wind driven generator. However, in any power control method, the output voltage and the output current of the alternating current side of the wind driven generator need to be sampled, and the sampled data is various, and the hardware circuit is complex, so that the system cost is high, and the reliability of the circuit is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a method for controlling output current and output power of a wind turbine generator and a corresponding control device, which are used for solving the problems of various sampling data, complex hardware circuit, high equipment manufacturing cost and low product reliability in the output current and output power control process of the existing small wind turbine generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following scheme is adopted in the application: the invention provides a method for controlling output power of a wind driven generator, wherein a three-phase output end of the wind driven generator is connected with a three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, and the on and off of a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit are controlled by a PWM signal, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit; and controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset first power control algorithm.
In an embodiment of the present application, the controlling the output power of the wind turbine according to the obtained output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit and a preset first power control algorithm includes: calculating the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit; calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectifying circuit; according to the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator, searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator, and taking the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator; and controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator.
In one embodiment of the present application, the formula is based on
Figure GDA0003136620820000021
Calculating the voltage of an output line of the wind driven generator: wherein, U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure GDA0003136620820000022
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe time length k of the power switch tube in the off state2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure GDA0003136620820000023
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
In an embodiment of the present application, the calculating an output phase current of a wind turbine according to an output line voltage of the wind turbine and an output power of a three-phase bridge half-controlled rectifier circuit includes: according to formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind turbine, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0Three-phase bridge type half respectively obtained by samplingControlling the output voltage and the output current of the rectifying circuit; according to the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000031
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwAnd outputting the phase current for the wind driven generator.
In an embodiment of the present application, the controlling the output power of the wind turbine according to the current reference value or the power reference value of the wind turbine includes: the current error value is obtained by subtracting the phase current output by the wind driven generator from the current reference value of the wind driven generator, and the deviation adjustment is carried out on the current error value to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator; or, the output power of the wind driven generator is differed with the power reference value of the wind driven generator to obtain a power error value, and the power error value is subjected to deviation adjustment to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator.
Based on the same invention thought, the application also discloses a wind driven generator output power control device, wherein the three-phase output end of the wind driven generator is connected with a three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, the connection and disconnection of a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit are controlled by a PWM signal, and the device comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit; and the power control module is used for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit acquired by the acquisition module and a preset first power control algorithm.
In one embodiment of the present application, the power control module includes: the first calculating unit is used for calculating the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator according to the output voltage and the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectifying circuit acquired by the acquiring module; the second calculation unit is used for calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator output line and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit output by the first calculation unit; the searching and determining unit is used for searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator according to the voltage of an output line of the wind driven generator, and determining the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator; and the power control unit is used for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator determined by the searching and determining unit.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first calculating unit is based on a formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000032
Calculating the voltage of an output line of the wind driven generator: wherein, U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure GDA0003136620820000041
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe time length k of the power switch tube in the off state2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure GDA0003136620820000042
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
In an embodiment of the present application, the second calculating unit includes: a first calculating subunit for calculating according to formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind driven generator, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0Respectively obtaining output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling; a second calculation subunit for calculating according to the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000043
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwOutputting phase current for wind-driven generator。
In one embodiment of the present application, the power control unit includes: the first subtractor is used for subtracting the current reference value of the wind driven generator from the output phase current of the wind driven generator to obtain a current error value; the first deviation regulator is used for performing deviation regulation on the current error value output by the first subtracter; a first PWM generator for generating a PWM control signal for controlling the wind power generator according to an output result of the first deviation regulator; or the power control unit includes: the second subtracter is used for subtracting the output power of the wind driven generator from the power reference value of the wind driven generator to obtain a power error value; the second deviation regulator is used for carrying out deviation regulation on the power error value output by the second subtracter; and the second PWM generator is used for generating a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator according to the output result of the second deviation regulator.
As mentioned above, the output current of the wind driven generator can be controlled by only acquiring the direct current output by the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and combining the preset current-limiting control algorithm, so that a hardware circuit is simplified. Similarly, in the control of the output power of the wind driven generator, only the direct-current voltage and the direct-current output by the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit need to be obtained, the alternating-current voltage and the alternating-current output by the wind driven generator are calculated through a formula, and finally the output power of the current wind driven generator is controlled according to a preset first power control algorithm or a preset second power control algorithm so as to achieve the maximum power output of the wind driven generator. Compared with the prior art, the control of the wind driven generator avoids detecting the alternating current and the alternating voltage output by the wind driven generator, reduces the hardware cost, and simultaneously reduces the failure rate caused by the possible damage of a hardware circuit, thereby increasing the reliability of the product.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an output current control of a wind turbine generator in the prior art.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a prior art wind turbine generator output power control.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another prior art wind turbine generator output power control.
Fig. 4 is a topological structure diagram of a wind power generation system provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for controlling an output current of a wind turbine provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of control of an output current of a wind turbine provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a timing chart of sampling an output current of a wind turbine provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an output current control device of a wind turbine provided in embodiment 2 of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for controlling output power of a wind turbine according to embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a preset first power control algorithm provided in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a block diagram of control of output power of a wind turbine according to embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 12 is a topology structure diagram of a wind power generation system composed of a conventional three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and a boost circuit.
Fig. 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram of fig. 4.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine generator output power control apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present application.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a power control unit in an output power control apparatus of a wind turbine provided in embodiment 4 of the present application.
Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another power control unit in the wind turbine output power control apparatus according to embodiment 4 of the present application.
Fig. 17 is a flowchart of a method for controlling output power of a wind turbine according to embodiment 5 of the present application.
Fig. 18 is a block diagram of control of output power of a wind turbine according to embodiment 5 of the present application.
Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine generator output power control apparatus according to embodiment 6 of the present application.
Fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotation speed obtaining unit in embodiment 6 of the present application.
Description of reference numerals:
S1-S2
S01-S02
S021S 024 step
S01 'to S02' steps
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4, a topological structure of a wind power generation system provided in the present application includes at least a wind power generator, a three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifier circuit, a bus capacitor, and a load. Specifically, the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit comprises three diodes D8、D9、D10And three power switch tubes V2、V3、V4Three diodes D8、D9、D10Form a rectifying upper half-bridge and three power switch tubes V2、V3、V4With respective parasitic diodes D11、D12、D13Form a lower half-bridge of rectification and three diodes D8、D9、D10The positive electrodes of the three power switch tubes V are respectively connected with the three power switch tubes V2、V3、V4Is connected with the three-phase output end U, V, W of the wind driven generator and three power switch tubes V2、V3、V4The source electrodes are all connected with a bus capacitor C3Diode D8、D9、D10The negative electrodes of the two-phase alternating current transformer are all connected with a bus capacitor C3The positive electrode of (1). Bus capacitor C3The voltage at both ends is threePhase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit output voltage, namely DC bus voltage U0. Three power switch tubes D8、D9、D10Is used to receive the PWM control signal.
When power switch tube V2、V3And V4Three diodes D when turned off8、D9、D10And three power switch tubes V2、V3、V4With respective parasitic diodes D11、D12、D13The three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit is equivalent to a three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and has a rectifying function. A control module in the system can output a high-frequency PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal to control the on-off of a power switch tube. Because the switching frequency of the power switching tube is much higher than the three-phase counter potential frequency of the wind driven generator, the voltage of each phase in the switching period of the power switching tube is considered to be kept unchanged when the power switching tube V2、V3、V4When the on-off action is carried out alternately, the wind driven generator winding inductor is used for storing alternating current electric energy when the switching tube is on and is superposed with the alternating current induced electromotive force of the generator to boost the voltage when the switching tube is off.
It should be noted that the structure of the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifying circuit also includes other types, as long as a controllable power switch tube is ensured on each bridge arm. Power switch tube V2、V3、V4The switching device may be a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect (MOSFET) or an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) having turn-off control capability.
Referring to fig. 5, a flowchart of a method for controlling an output current of a wind turbine generator according to the present embodiment is shown, where the method includes steps S1 to S2:
and S1, acquiring the output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit.
Optionally, the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit can be obtained by sampling through a hall sensor. Optionally, the output current of the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectification circuit is sampled at the moment when the power switch tube in the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectification circuit is turned off.
And S2, controlling the output current of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset current-limiting control algorithm.
Please refer to fig. 6, which is a block diagram of the control of the output current of the wind turbine. The preset current limit control algorithm comprises the following steps: the output current I of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling0And a set maximum current threshold ImaxAnd comparing and judging, and if the maximum current threshold is exceeded, controlling the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit by sending a current limiting signal to limit the output current. More preferably, the conduction duty ratio of a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit is reduced according to a preset step length so as to limit the output current of the wind driven generator.
It should be noted that when the power switching tube is regarded as an ideal switch and the off time of the switch is ignored, the output current of the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifying circuit is sampled while the turn-off signal of the power switching tube in the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifying circuit is sent out. However, in practice, the turn-off of the power switching tube requires microsecond delay time, so it is preferable that the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit is sampled after a preset delay time period is waited after the turn-off signal of the power switching tube is sent out.
Referring to fig. 7, a timing chart of sampling an output current of a wind turbine provided in this embodiment is shown. I ismaxMaximum current threshold (peak current), IrmsAs effective current value, IminAnd sampling the output current of the wind driven generator at the moment that a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit is turned off (a PWM signal is changed from high level to low level) to obtain the minimum current value.
Preferably, the preset delay time satisfies the following condition: delta t is more than 0 and less than or equal to toffWhere Δ t is a predetermined delay time period toffThe time length of the power switch tube in the off state is shown. More preferably, the Δ t time is greater than the time of the power switch tube completing the turn-off action, so that the peak current I is sampled to the maximum extent possiblemax
Example 2
Based on the same invention idea, aiming at the wind power generator output current control method described in embodiment 1, the application also discloses a wind power generator output current control device corresponding thereto, please refer to fig. 8, the topological structure of the wind power generation system in embodiment 1 is adopted, and the output current control device at least comprises an obtaining module 1 and an executing module 2.
The acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit; the execution module 2 is used for controlling the output current of the wind driven generator according to the output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by the obtaining module 1 and a preset current-limiting control algorithm.
Specifically, the obtaining module 1 is configured to obtain an output current of the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit at a turn-off time of a power switching tube in the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit, and the obtaining module 1 includes, but is not limited to, a hall sensor.
Optionally, the control device further includes a timing trigger (not shown), the timing trigger is configured to trigger and time at a moment when the power switching tube turn-off signal is sent, and when the time reaches a preset delay duration, the obtaining module 1 obtains the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit again. Wherein the preset delay duration may be set to satisfy: delta t is more than 0 and less than or equal to toffΔ t is a predetermined delay time period toffThe time length of the power switch tube in the off state is shown. More preferably, the Δ t time is greater than the time for the power switch tube to complete the turn-off action.
Optionally, the execution module 2 includes a comparison and judgment unit 21 and a current control unit 22.
The comparison and judgment unit 21 is used for comparing and judging whether the output current of the wind driven generator obtained by the obtaining module 1 exceeds a preset limit current value; the current control unit 22 is configured to reduce a duty ratio of conduction of a power switch in the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit according to a preset step length to limit the output current of the wind turbine when the comparison and determination unit 21 determines that the output current of the wind turbine exceeds a preset limit current value.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 9 to 11, based on the same inventive concept, the present application further provides a wind turbine output power control method, which uses the same topology structure of the wind turbine system as in embodiments 1 and 2.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of wind turbine generator output power control, and the control method includes:
s01, acquiring output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit;
and S02, controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset first power control algorithm.
Referring to fig. 10, in step S02, steps S021 to S024 are specifically included:
and S021, calculating the output line voltage of the wind driven generator.
Preferably according to the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000091
Calculating the output line voltage of the wind driven generator, wherein U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure GDA0003136620820000092
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe duration of the switch tube in the off state, k2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure GDA0003136620820000093
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
The following explanation formulas
Figure GDA0003136620820000094
The basis for this is:
referring to fig. 12, a topology structure of a wind power generation system formed by a common three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and a Boost Chopper circuit (Boost Chopper) is shown. The wind power generation system also comprises a wind power generator and a filter capacitorC1Bus capacitor C2Freewheel diode D7And a load. The three-phase bridge type non-controlled rectifier circuit consists of 6 diodes D1~D6The AC input end of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit is connected with the three-phase AC output end of the wind driven generator, and the DC output of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit passes through the filter capacitor C1The filtered signal is input into a boost chopper circuit which is composed of an inductor L and a fully-controlled power switch tube V1The output end of the boost chopper circuit is connected with a bus capacitor C2And a load. Preferably, the output end of the boost chopper circuit is further connected with a freewheeling diode D7. The three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit rectifies three-phase alternating current output by the wind driven generator to output direct current, and the direct current is boosted by the boost chopper circuit and then stored in a bus capacitor C2Or for consumption by a load.
The output voltage of the boost chopper circuit (i.e., the DC bus voltage U ') is determined as follows'0) And boost input voltage U1(i.e., the rectified output voltage). First, assume that the value of the inductance L is large and the capacitance C is large2The value of (c) is also large. When the switch tube V1In the on state, the rectified output voltage U1Charging inductor L with substantially constant charging current I1While, at the same time, a capacitance C2The voltage on supplies power to the load. Due to C2Very high value, substantially maintaining output voltage U'0For a constant value, a switch tube V is set1The duration of the on state is tonThe energy accumulated in the inductor L at this stage is U1*I1*ton. When power switch tube V1The duration of the off state is toffThe energy released by inductor L during this period is then (U'0-U1)I1*toff. When the circuit is in steady state, the energy accumulated by the inductor L is equal to the energy released in one period T, i.e. U1*I1*ton=(U’0-U1)I1*toffAnd is simplified to obtain
Figure GDA0003136620820000101
In the formula, T/ToffMore than or equal to 1, and the output voltage U 'of the boost chopper circuit'0Higher than the boosted input voltage U1K is'1=T/toffIs boost ratio, U'0=k'1U1The output voltage can be changed by adjusting the output voltage. If the reciprocal of the boost ratio is recorded as β, that is, β ═ 1/k'1=toffand/T. The relation between the inverse β of the boost ratio and the duty ratio α can be expressed as β + α being 1, and the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000102
Can be deformed into
Figure GDA0003136620820000103
I.e. the output voltage U of the wind generator1Or the on duty ratio of a switching tube in the boost chopper circuit can be calculated.
In the above analysis, it is considered that the switch tube V is open1During the on period due to the capacitance C2Is operated so as to output a voltage U'0Not changed, but actually C2The value cannot be infinite, discharge to the load at this stage, U'0Will be reduced, so the actual output voltage will be slightly lower than the calculated value of the above formula, but in the capacitor C2When the value is large enough, the error is small and can be basically ignored.
Then according to the rectified output voltage U1Calculating the rectified input voltage (i.e. the wind turbine output line voltage U'w) Assuming that the output three phases of the wind driven generator are completely symmetrical, the output line voltage of the wind driven generator meets UUV=UVW=UUW=U'w. For a three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit with capacitance filtering, the voltage of a rectifying input end and the voltage of a rectifying output end meet the relationship: u shape1=k'2U'WNamely:
Figure GDA0003136620820000111
wherein, k'2Is constant, k'2Has a value range of
Figure GDA0003136620820000112
As an example, k'2The average value may be 1.38. Therefore, it is only necessary to measure the DC bus voltage U'0Re-combination of k1And k2Namely, the output line voltage U 'of the wind driven generator can be obtained through calculation'w
In the wind power generation system formed by the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit has both rectifying and boosting functions. FIG. 13 is an equivalent circuit of the wind power generation system topology of FIG. 4. The three-phase alternating-current voltage output by the wind driven generator can be equivalent to an alternating-current voltage source USThe inductance of the internal winding of the wind driven generator is equivalent to LSThree diodes D8、D9、D10And a parasitic diode D11、D12、D13The formed three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit can be equivalent to a rectifying diode D13Power switch tube V2、V3、V4Equivalent to a switch tube V5
Direct-current bus voltage U output by three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit0If the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and the boost chopper circuit are known, the following results can be obtained through the analysis of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and the boost chopper circuit:
Figure GDA0003136620820000113
wherein k is1To step-up ratio, k1=T/toffT is the switching period, ToffThe time the switch is off.
In summary, it can be seen that: the calculation formula for obtaining the output line voltage of the wind driven generator is the same no matter the rectifying input or the boosting input is calculated firstly. Therefore, the rectifying circuit and the booster circuit can be regarded as a rectifying and boosting module, and the relation is always satisfied
Figure GDA0003136620820000114
S022, calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectifying circuit.
Preferably, the calculating of the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit comprises the following steps: according to formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind driven generator, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0Respectively obtaining output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling; under the condition of neglecting the equivalent resistance heat loss of the circuit and the components, according to the energy conservation principle, the heat loss is calculated by the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000121
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwAnd outputting the phase current for the wind driven generator.
S023, according to the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator, searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator, and taking the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the output line voltage U of the wind driven generatorwSearching the current set value I corresponding to the voltage on the power curve table of the wind power generator*Or power set point P*And taking the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator.
It should be noted that there are various representations of the wind turbine power curve, for example, it can be expressed as the relation between the wind turbine rotation speed and the output power, the relation between the wind turbine output voltage and the output power, the relation between the wind turbine output current and the output voltage, or the relation between the wind turbine rotation speed and the output current, and the various power curves can be switched with each other.
S024, controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator.
Referring to fig. 11, the steps may specifically include: the output phase current I of the wind driven generatorwWith reference value of output current I of wind-driven generator*Performing difference to obtain a current error value, and performing PI deviation adjustment on the current error value to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator; or, the output power P of the wind driven generator is adjustedwReference value P of output power of wind driven generator*And performing difference to obtain a power error value, performing deviation adjustment on the power error value, and outputting a PWM control signal, wherein the PWM control signal is used for controlling a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit so as to control the output power of the wind driven generator.
In this embodiment, the deviation adjustment includes a Proportional Integral Control (PI) or a Proportional Integral Differential Control (PID).
In order to ensure the safety of the wind driven generator in the operation process, the wind driven generator output power control method further comprises the following steps: when the direct current bus voltage is detected to be larger than the preset unloading voltage, the wind power generation system is controlled to unload; and when the direct current bus voltage is detected to be larger than the preset maximum voltage threshold value, controlling the wind power generation system to brake.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 14, in order to the method for controlling the output power of the wind turbine generator in embodiment 3, the present invention further discloses a corresponding apparatus for controlling the output power of the wind turbine generator, wherein a three-phase output terminal of the wind turbine generator is connected to a three-phase bridge-type half-controlled rectifier circuit, the on and off states of a power switching tube in the three-phase bridge-type half-controlled rectifier circuit are controlled by a PWM signal, and the apparatus includes an obtaining module 10 and a power control module 20.
The acquisition module 10 is used for acquiring output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectification circuit, and the acquisition module 10 includes but is not limited to a hall sensor; the power control module 20 is configured to control the output power of the wind turbine generator according to the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit acquired by the data acquisition module 10 and a preset first power control algorithm.
In the present embodiment, the power control module 20 further includes a first calculating unit 201, a second calculating unit 202, a lookup determining unit 203, and a power control unit 204. The first calculating unit 201 is configured to calculate a voltage of an output line of the wind turbine generator according to the output voltage and the output current of the three-phase bridge half-controlled rectifier circuit acquired by the data acquiring module 10; the second calculating unit 202 is configured to calculate an output phase current of the wind turbine according to the output line voltage of the wind turbine output line and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit, which are output by the first calculating unit 201; the search determining unit 203 is used for searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator, and determining the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator; the power control unit 204 is configured to control the output power of the wind turbine according to the wind turbine output current reference value or the output power reference value determined by the search determining unit 203.
Optionally, the first calculating unit 201 is according to a formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000141
Calculating the voltage of an output line of the wind driven generator: wherein, U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure GDA0003136620820000142
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe time length k of the power switch tube in the off state2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure GDA0003136620820000143
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
In this embodiment, the second calculation unit 202 comprises a first calculation subunit 2021 and a second calculation subunit 2022. The first calculating subunit 2021 is configured to calculate according to the formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind driven generator, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0And respectively outputting voltage and current for the three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling. The second calculating subunit 2022 is used for calculating according to the formula
Figure GDA0003136620820000144
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwAnd outputting the phase current for the wind driven generator.
Referring to fig. 15, the power control unit 204 may include a first subtractor 2041, a first deviation adjuster 2042 and a first PWM generator 2043. The first subtractor 2041 is configured to obtain a current error value by subtracting a current reference value of the wind turbine from a phase current output by the wind turbine; the first deviation adjuster 2042 is configured to perform deviation adjustment on the current error value output by the first subtractor 2041; the first PWM generator 2043 is configured to generate a PWM control signal for controlling the wind turbine according to the output result of the first deviation adjuster 2042.
Referring to fig. 16, in other embodiments, the power control unit 204 may include a second subtractor 2044, a second deviation adjuster 2045, and a second PWM generator 2046. The second subtractor 2044 is configured to obtain a power error value by subtracting the output power of the wind turbine from a power reference value of the wind turbine; the second deviation adjuster 2045 is configured to perform deviation adjustment on the power error value output by the second subtractor 2044; and a second PWM generator 2046 for generating a PWM control signal for controlling the wind turbine according to the output result of the second deviation adjuster 2045.
Example 5
Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment discloses another wind turbine output power control method, which is applicable to the same topology structure of the wind turbine system as that in embodiment 1, and referring to fig. 17, the wind turbine output power control method includes:
and S01', obtaining the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and the rotating speed of the wind driven generator.
As an example, obtaining the rotational speed of the wind turbine includes: firstly, acquiring the frequency of the output voltage of the wind driven generator; then, the rotating speed of the wind driven generator is calculated according to the frequency of the output voltage of the wind driven generator. The frequency of the output voltage of the wind driven generator and the rotating speed of the wind driven generator satisfy the following relation:
Figure GDA0003136620820000151
omega is the rotating speed of the wind driven generator, f is the frequency of the output line voltage of the wind driven generator, and p is the magnetic pole pair number of the wind driven generator.
And S02', controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, the rotating speed of the wind driven generator and a preset second power control algorithm.
Referring to fig. 18, the controlling the output power of the wind turbine may specifically include:
searching the power set value P corresponding to the obtained rotating speed omega of the wind driven generator on the power curve table of the wind driven generator*And performing deviation adjustment on the output power of the wind driven generator by taking the power set value as a power reference value of the wind driven generator to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator.
Here, the output voltage of the wind turbine is obtained, i.e., the rotation speed ω is calculated according to the relationship between the voltage and the rotation speed. Taking a permanent magnet synchronous wind driven generator as an example, the output voltage, frequency and rotation speed of the wind driven generator have the following corresponding relations: u-2 NBlr ω; u is the output voltage of the wind driven generator (the induced potential of an armature winding of the wind driven generator), N is the number of coil turns, B is the magnetic flux density of a conductor, the unit is T, l is the effective length of the conductor coil for cutting magnetic induction lines, the unit is m, r is the rotation radius of the conductor coil, the unit is m, omega is the rotating speed of the wind driven generator, and the unit is rad/s.
Looking up the power curve table of the wind driven generator at the rotating speed omegaUpper corresponding power set point P*And setting the value P at the power*And performing deviation adjustment on the output power P of the wind driven generator as an output power reference value, and outputting a PWM control signal, wherein the PWM control signal is used for controlling a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit so as to control the output power of the wind driven generator.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 19, in view of the method for controlling the output power of the wind turbine described in embodiment 5, the present embodiment discloses a device for controlling the output power of the wind turbine, which includes an obtaining module 10 'and a power control module 20'. Specifically, the obtaining module 10' is configured to obtain an output current and an output voltage of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit and a rotation speed of the wind driven generator; the power control module 20 'is configured to control the output power of the wind power generator according to the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectification circuit, the rotation speed of the wind power generator, and a preset second power control algorithm, which are acquired by the data acquisition module 10'.
As an example, the power control module 20 ' may include a lookup determination unit 201 ' and a power control unit 202 ', wherein the lookup determination unit 201 ' is configured to lookup a corresponding current setting value or power setting value of the rotation speed on the wind turbine power curve table according to the rotation speed of the wind turbine acquired by the wind turbine acquisition module 10 ', and use the current setting value or power setting value as an output current reference value or output power reference value of the wind turbine; and the power control unit 202 'is used for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator determined by the searching and determining unit 201'.
As an example, the obtaining module 10' includes a component for obtaining an output current of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit, a component for obtaining an output voltage of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit, and a component for obtaining a rotation speed of the wind power generator. The components for acquiring the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit can include, but are not limited to, hall sensors.
Referring to fig. 20, the component for acquiring the rotation speed of the wind turbine is a rotation speed acquiring unit, and the rotation speed acquiring unit at least includes: a photo coupler 101 ', a signal processor 102 ' and a rotational speed calculation unit 103 '. The input end of the optical coupler 101' is connected with any two phases of three-phase voltages output by the wind driven generator and is used for converting alternating voltage signals output by the wind driven generator into rectangular pulse signals; the input end of the signal processor 102 'is connected with the output end of the optical coupler 101' and is used for processing the rectangular pulse signal to obtain the frequency of the alternating voltage output by the wind driven generator; the rotating speed calculating unit 103' is used for calculating the rotating speed of the wind driven generator according to the frequency of the alternating voltage output by the wind driven generator, and the following relation is satisfied:
Figure GDA0003136620820000161
wherein, ω is the rotating speed of the wind driven generator, f is the frequency of the output line voltage of the wind driven generator, and p is the magnetic pole pair number of the wind driven generator.
To sum up, this application only needs to acquire the direct current of three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifier circuit output, combines the current-limiting control algorithm of predetermineeing again and can realize the control to aerogenerator output current, has simplified the hardware circuit, prevents that the too high burnout aerogenerator of electric current and three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifier circuit. Meanwhile, in the control of the output power of the wind driven generator, only the direct-current voltage and the direct-current output by the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit need to be obtained, the alternating-current voltage and the alternating-current output by the wind driven generator are calculated through a formula, and finally the output power of the current wind driven generator is controlled according to a preset first power control algorithm or a preset second power control algorithm so as to achieve the maximum power output of the wind driven generator. Compared with the prior art, the control of the wind driven generator avoids detecting the alternating current and/or the alternating voltage output by the wind driven generator, reduces the hardware cost, and simultaneously reduces the failure rate caused by the possible damage of a hardware circuit, thereby increasing the reliability of the product. The invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, as for the apparatus embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A method for controlling output power of a wind driven generator is characterized in that a three-phase output end of the wind driven generator is connected with a three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit, and the on and off of a power switch tube in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit are controlled by a PWM signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit;
controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset first power control algorithm; the method for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output current and output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit and a preset first power control algorithm comprises the following steps:
calculating the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator according to the acquired output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit;
calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectifying circuit;
according to the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator, searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator, and taking the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator;
controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator; calculating the output line voltage of the wind driven generator according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003136620810000011
wherein, U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure FDA0003136620810000012
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe time length k of the power switch tube in the off state2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure FDA0003136620810000013
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
2. The method for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-controlled rectifying circuit comprises:
according to formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind turbine, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0Respectively obtaining output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling;
according to the formula
Figure FDA0003136620810000021
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwAnd outputting the phase current for the wind driven generator.
3. The method for controlling the output power of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the output power of the wind turbine according to the current reference value or the power reference value of the wind turbine comprises:
the current error value is obtained by subtracting the phase current output by the wind driven generator from the current reference value of the wind driven generator, and the deviation adjustment is carried out on the current error value to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator; or the like, or, alternatively,
and subtracting the output power of the wind driven generator from the power reference value of the wind driven generator to obtain a power error value, and performing deviation adjustment on the power error value to obtain a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator.
4. The utility model provides a aerogenerator output power controlling means which characterized in that, aerogenerator's three-phase output connects three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifier circuit, the switching on and the shutoff of power switch pipe in the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifier circuit is by PWM signal control, the device includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit; the power control module is used for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current and the output voltage of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit acquired by the acquisition module and a preset first power control algorithm;
the power control module includes:
the first calculating unit is used for calculating the voltage of the output line of the wind driven generator according to the output voltage and the output current of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectifying circuit acquired by the acquiring module;
the second calculation unit is used for calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator according to the output line voltage of the wind driven generator output line and the output power of the three-phase bridge type half-control rectification circuit output by the first calculation unit;
the searching and determining unit is used for searching a current set value or a power set value corresponding to the voltage on a power curve table of the wind driven generator according to the voltage of an output line of the wind driven generator, and determining the current set value or the power set value as an output current reference value or an output power reference value of the wind driven generator;
the power control unit is used for controlling the output power of the wind driven generator according to the output current reference value or the output power reference value of the wind driven generator determined by the searching and determining unit;
the first calculating unit calculates the output line voltage of the wind driven generator according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003136620810000031
wherein, U0For the output voltage, k, of a three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit1In order to obtain the voltage-boosting ratio,
Figure FDA0003136620810000032
t is the switching tube period, ToffThe time length k of the power switch tube in the off state2Is constant, and k2Has a value range of
Figure FDA0003136620810000033
UwAnd outputting the line voltage for the wind driven generator.
5. The wind turbine output power control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second calculation unit includes:
a first calculating subunit for calculating according to formula Pw=P0=U0*I0Calculating the output power of the wind driven generator, wherein PwFor wind-driven generator output power, P0For three-phase bridge semi-controlled rectifier circuit output power, U0And I0Respectively obtaining output voltage and output current of the three-phase bridge type semi-controlled rectifying circuit obtained by sampling;
a second calculation subunit for calculating according to the formula
Figure FDA0003136620810000034
Calculating the output phase current of the wind driven generator, wherein UwFor the output line voltage of the wind generator, IwAnd outputting the phase current for the wind driven generator.
6. The wind turbine output power control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the power control unit includes:
the first subtractor is used for subtracting the current reference value of the wind driven generator from the output phase current of the wind driven generator to obtain a current error value;
the first deviation regulator is used for performing deviation regulation on the current error value output by the first subtracter;
a first PWM generator for generating a PWM control signal for controlling the wind power generator according to an output result of the first deviation regulator;
or the power control unit includes:
the second subtracter is used for subtracting the output power of the wind driven generator from the power reference value of the wind driven generator to obtain a power error value;
the second deviation regulator is used for carrying out deviation regulation on the power error value output by the second subtracter;
and the second PWM generator is used for generating a PWM control signal for controlling the wind driven generator according to the output result of the second deviation regulator.
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