CN111371278A - Electromagnetic-piezoelectric combined transducer - Google Patents
Electromagnetic-piezoelectric combined transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111371278A CN111371278A CN202010390368.9A CN202010390368A CN111371278A CN 111371278 A CN111371278 A CN 111371278A CN 202010390368 A CN202010390368 A CN 202010390368A CN 111371278 A CN111371278 A CN 111371278A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer which comprises a base support, a cuboid permanent magnet, a piezoelectric sheet, a cylindrical permanent magnet, an induction coil and an E-shaped magnetic conduction material. The base support is the axisymmetric structure, and the cuboid permanent magnet is placed base support's central groove department, the piezoelectric patches is put on horizontally the upper surface of cuboid permanent magnet makes the length direction of piezoelectric patches unanimous with the length direction of cuboid permanent magnet, and the cylinder curved surface of cylinder permanent magnet arranges piezoelectric patches top, E shape magnetic material are 2, arrange in cylinder permanent magnet both sides, and about permanent magnet cylinder center pin symmetry, all around being equipped with induction coil on the E shape magnetic material. The invention improves the conversion efficiency of the energy collector, has higher output voltage under the condition of equal vibration, and can provide more abundant power supply for power supply equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration energy collecting device, in particular to an electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer.
Background
In order to adapt to social development, more renewable and clean energy sources are needed. In natural environment, solar energy, wind energy, heat energy, tidal energy, vibration energy and the like are clean renewable energy sources, wherein mechanical vibration energy is ubiquitous and is not limited by natural conditions such as weather, temperature difference and the like, so that the application prospect is wide. With the advancement of micro power consumption technology, the power consumption of microelectronic devices has been reduced to the order of microwatts. The vibration energy acquisition becomes possible for supplying power to the low-power consumption electronic equipment, and the vibration energy acquisition during human body movement is expected to supply power to the wearable low-power consumption electronic equipment.
The energy collecting device with a single electromechanical conversion mechanism has limited conversion efficiency and poor expandability.
The output electrical characteristics due to the piezoelectric conversion mechanism are: the output voltage is high, the output current is small, and the output impedance is capacitive. The output electrical characteristics of the electromagnetic conversion mechanism are as follows: the output voltage is lower, the output current is larger, and the output impedance is inductive. When the vibration energy is converted into the electric energy, the design of the electric energy extraction interface circuit is difficult to a certain extent. In order to avoid this problem, most documents adopt electric energy extraction for the piezoelectric conversion mechanism and the electromagnetic conversion mechanism separately. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad begin to develop the research of the combined type vibration energy harvester.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems of the background art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer. The energy collector improves the conversion efficiency of the energy collector, has higher output voltage under the condition of equal vibration, and can provide more abundant power supply for power supply equipment.
The invention provides an electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer which comprises a base support, a cuboid permanent magnet, a piezoelectric sheet, a cylindrical permanent magnet, an induction coil and an E-shaped magnetic conduction material.
The base support is of an axisymmetric structure, a cuboid permanent magnet is placed in a central groove of the base support, piezoelectric patches are horizontally placed on the upper surface of the cuboid permanent magnet, the length direction of the piezoelectric patches is consistent with that of the cuboid permanent magnet, a cylindrical curved surface of a cylindrical permanent magnet is arranged above the piezoelectric patches, 2E-shaped magnetic conducting materials are arranged on two sides of the cylindrical permanent magnet and are symmetrical about the central axis of the permanent magnet cylinder, induction coils are wound on the E-shaped magnetic conducting materials, and the distances from the E-shaped magnetic conducting materials on the two sides to the cylindrical permanent magnet are the same;
the magnetizing direction of the rectangular permanent magnet is the positive X-axis direction, and the magnetizing direction of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the negative X-axis direction;
or the magnetizing direction of the rectangular permanent magnet is the X-axis negative direction, the magnetizing direction of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the X positive and negative direction,
under the condition of external vibration, the cylindrical permanent magnet can roll back and forth along the length direction of the piezoelectric sheet.
Further, in the initial state, due to the mutual attraction between the rectangular permanent magnet and the cylindrical permanent magnet, the cylindrical permanent magnet is stationary at the center of the piezoelectric sheet.
The technical scheme is that the cuboid permanent magnet is fixed at a central groove of the underground inner surface of the base support.
The technical scheme is that the piezoelectric sheet is horizontally placed on the upper surface of the rectangular permanent magnet, and the width of the piezoelectric sheet is the same as that of the rectangular permanent magnet. The central groove of the base support is used for fixing the piezoelectric patches in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and when the piezoelectric patches are stressed, the piezoelectric patches can generate displacement in the Z-axis positive direction.
The piezoelectric piece is divided into an upper metal substrate, PTZ piezoelectric ceramics and a lower metal substrate, and the PZT piezoelectric ceramics and the metal substrate are tightly pasted by conductive adhesive.
Furthermore, when the cylindrical permanent magnet is static on the piezoelectric sheet, the thickness of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the same as the width of the piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric sheet is positioned between the cylindrical permanent magnet and the cuboid permanent magnet, and the piezoelectric sheet can generate a piezoelectric effect under the action of magnetic force to generate induced voltage.
Furthermore, the E-shaped magnetic conductive material is a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and is used for dredging the magnetic flux on two sides of the cuboid permanent magnet and the cylindrical permanent magnet, so that the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil is increased.
Furthermore, the induction coil is wound on the central shaft of the E-shaped magnetic conducting material to increase the output induction voltage.
Furthermore, the base support is made of insulating materials, and the selected materials have a supporting function. Preferably, the base support is made of the following materials: nylon, acrylic and polytetrafluoroethylene.
It is preferable that the upper/lower metal plates are made of conductive but non-conductive material, preferably copper, aluminum, or semiconductor material having conductive ability.
Preferably, the soft magnetic material is engineered pure iron, magnetically permeable stainless steel, silicon steel sheets, etc., and if conditions permit, a relatively expensive superconducting material may be selected.
Preferably, the induction coil is a self-adhesive coil, the outer diameter of the wound induction coil is the same as the radius of the cylindrical permanent magnet, and the inner diameter of the wound induction coil is inscribed with the edge of the magnetic conductive material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the E-shaped magnetic materials are added on the two sides of the permanent magnet, the induction coil is wound on the E-shaped magnetic materials, the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil is increased, and a larger output voltage is generated, so that the output power density is higher, the power can be stably supplied to equipment, and the peak value of the voltage output by adding the magnetic materials is higher by about 3V than that of the voltage output by not adding the magnetic materials under the same environment, as shown in figure 1.
Meanwhile, the invention combines the electromagnetic transduction mechanism and the piezoelectric transduction mechanism, and realizes the larger vibration energy collection by utilizing the combination of the electromagnetic transduction mechanism and the piezoelectric transduction mechanism. Meanwhile, the working frequency band of the electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer is wider than that of a single conversion mechanism, and the electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer is more beneficial to adapting to the vibration frequency of a human body.
Compared with the traditional combination of a single piezoelectric energy collector and a single electromagnetic energy collector, the energy conversion rate of the combined transducer is improved (under the same vibration condition, the output electric energy of the combined converter is theoretically far greater than that of a single converter).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the present invention with or without silicon steel sheet output;
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic views of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a), FIG. 3(b), FIG. 3(c) are three views of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a force diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial structure diagram of the magnetic conductive material and the induction coil in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a piezoelectric material according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the energy harvesting of the inventive apparatus;
fig. 8 is a graph of the output voltage of the inventive device.
In the figure: 1-a base support, 2-a cuboid permanent magnet and 3-a piezoelectric sheet;
31-upper metal substrate, 32-PZT piezoelectric ceramic and 33-lower metal substrate;
4-cylinder permanent magnet, 5-induction coil, 6-E shape magnetic material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer of the present invention includes a base support 1, a rectangular permanent magnet 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3, a cylindrical permanent magnet 4, an induction coil 5, and an E-shaped magnetic conductive material 6.
The base support 1 is of an axisymmetric structure, the base support 1 is symmetrical about an XOZ plane and a YOZ plane and is a closed box body with a detachable side, two partition plates are arranged in the Y-axis direction of the bottom of the box body, and the gap between the two partition plates is the same as the width of the rectangular permanent magnet. Two clapboards are placed in the middle of the two clapboards in the Y-axis direction along the X-axis direction to form a groove, and the gap between the two clapboards is the same as the width of the cuboid permanent magnet. A groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the base support 1 and used for fixing the cuboid permanent magnet 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3. Cuboid permanent magnet 2 places in base support 1 central groove department, piezoelectric patches 3 keep flat in the upper surface of cuboid permanent magnet 2 makes the length direction of piezoelectric patches 3 unanimous with cuboid permanent magnet 2's length direction, and the cylinder curved surface of cylinder permanent magnet 4 arranges piezoelectric patches 3 top, under the external vibration condition, enables the rolling that makes a round trip of cylinder permanent magnet 4 along the length direction of piezoelectric patches 3. (during initial state, because cuboid permanent magnet 2 and cylinder permanent magnet 4 inter attraction, cylinder permanent magnet 4 is static 3 central point on the piezoelectric patches put), E shape magnetic material 6 is 2, arranges in cylinder permanent magnet 4 both sides, and about 4 central axis symmetry of permanent magnet cylinder, all around being equipped with induction coil 5 on the E shape magnetic material 6, the E shape magnetic material 6 of both sides is the same to the distance of cylinder permanent magnet 4 (the bottom surface is installed respectively in two baffles and the box wall of base support 1 bottom about recess about the E shape magnetic material 6 is about recess about two baffles and the box both sides face formation of box bottom Y axle direction about the recess forms respectively, the upper surface parallel and level of the last top surface of E shape magnetic material 6 upper surface and base support 1 box).
In order to ensure that the electromagnetic output has good electromotive force, the distance between the E-shaped magnetic conduction material 6 and the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 is the same as that between the E-shaped magnetic conduction material and the rectangular permanent magnet 4, and the range is 2-8 mm.
Preferably, the distance from the E-shaped magnetic conductive material 6 to the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 on both sides is 2-3 mm.
As shown in fig. 2(a), fig. 2(b), fig. 3(a) -fig. 3(c), the base support is made of an insulating material for fixing and protecting the transducer, and the material of the base support is selected to have a supporting function, such as nylon, acrylic and teflon.
The length, width and height of the rectangular permanent magnet 2 are respectively 25-100mm, 5-15mm and 2-10mm, and as shown in fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 3(a) -3 (c), the magnetizing direction is the positive direction of the X axis.
The length, width and height of the piezoelectric sheet 3 are respectively 25-100mm, 5-15mm and 1-2 mm.
The diameter and the thickness of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 are respectively 5-50mm and 5-15mm, and as shown in fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 3(a) -3 (c), the magnetizing direction is the negative direction of the X axis.
Under the condition of external vibration, when the force direction is consistent with the motion direction of the cylindrical permanent magnet, as shown in fig. 4, the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 will reciprocate back and forth on the surface (Y-axis direction) of the piezoelectric sheet 3.
As shown in fig. 2(a), 2(b), and 3(c), the piezoelectric sheet 3 is located between the rectangular permanent magnet 2 and the cylindrical permanent magnet 4, and under the action of magnetic force (and gravity) in the Z-axis direction, the piezoelectric sheet 3 will generate piezoelectric effect and generate induced voltage.
Fig. 4 shows a force diagram of the piezoelectric sheet and the cylindrical permanent magnet, and it can be seen that the force applied to the piezoelectric sheet 3 and the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 is almost zero in the X axis, so that no displacement occurs in the X axis; the stress of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 on the Y axis is approximately linear, and the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 can move back and forth on the Y axis; the stress of the piezoelectric sheet 3 on the Z axis is larger than that of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 under the influence of the gravity of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4, so that the piezoelectric sheet 3 is favorable for generating voltage.
As shown in fig. 5, the E-shaped magnetic permeable material 6 is a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability, and in this embodiment, a silicon steel sheet is selected. The E-shaped magnetic conductive material is used for dredging the magnetic fluxes on two sides of the cuboid permanent magnet and the cylinder permanent magnet, so that the magnetic flux passing through the coil is increased.
As shown in fig. 5, the induction coil 5 is wound around the central axis of the E-shaped magnetic conductive material 6, the induction coil 5 is inscribed with the edge of the E-shaped magnetic conductive material 6, and the outer diameter of the wound induction coil 5 is the same as the radius of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4.
As shown in fig. 6, the piezoelectric sheet 3 includes an upper metal substrate 31, a PZT piezoelectric ceramic 32, and a lower metal substrate 33.
The upper metal substrate 31/the lower metal substrate 33 are made of conductive but non-conductive material, in this embodiment, copper sheet with thickness of 0.1mm is used.
The length of the upper metal substrate 31/the lower metal substrate 33 is slightly longer than that of the PZT piezoelectric ceramics 32, so that the electric energy transmission is convenient, and the movement of the permanent magnet cylinder is also facilitated. The PZT piezoelectric ceramics 32 and the upper/ lower metal substrates 31, 33 are bonded with a conductive adhesive, so that the upper/ lower metal substrates 31, 33 are used to derive electric energy generated by the PZT piezoelectric ceramics 32.
When the base support 1 is acrylic, the cuboid permanent magnet 2 and the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 are neodymium iron boron, the induction coil 5 is copper, the E-shaped magnetic conduction material 6 is a silicon steel sheet, the core piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric transduction mechanism is PZT piezoelectric ceramics 32, and the upper metal substrate 31/the lower metal substrate 33 are copper.
As shown in fig. 7, the output end of the electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer (the output end refers to the end of the coil and the two ends of the metal substrate) is connected to the energy storage circuit, and stores the converted electric energy and supplies power to the device. The energy storage circuit mainly comprises a rectifying circuit and a filter circuit.
The working process of the electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, electromagnetic transduction. In the external vibration state, the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 reciprocates in the Y-axis direction, and the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil 5 changes, so that the induction coil 5 generates induced electromotive force, as known from the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and outputs induced current. The magnetic flux passing through the induction coil 5 is increased by winding the coil on the E-shaped magnetic conductive material 6, the variation of the magnetic flux in unit time is increased, and the induction coil is connected with the energy storage circuit.
For piezoelectric transduction. Since the magnetizing directions of the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 and the rectangular permanent magnet 2 are opposite, the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 can be attracted on the permanent magnet rectangular body 2. The piezoelectric sheet 3 is positioned between the cylindrical permanent magnet 4 and the cuboid permanent magnet 2, the PZT piezoelectric ceramics 32 is deformed under the action of magnetic force, the inside is polarized, and meanwhile opposite charges are generated on opposite surfaces. The power supply is connected to a copper sheet (metal substrate) through conductive adhesive, input into the energy storage circuit and supply power to the portable equipment through rectification and filtering.
FIG. 8 shows that the number of turns of the coil is 500 and the applied acceleration is 10m/s2And the open-circuit voltage output waveforms of the electromagnetic end and the piezoelectric end with the vibration frequency of 14.2 Hz. Compared with the case that only piezoelectric ceramics and only coils cut magnetic lines, the output voltage of the composite structure is improved.And is greater than the output voltage when the two are added at the same time. Therefore, the structure has certain rationality, and compared with a single conversion mechanism, the composite conversion mechanism has higher output and higher conversion efficiency on the same energy in the environment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An electromagnetic-piezoelectric combined transducer is characterized by comprising a base support, a cuboid permanent magnet, piezoelectric sheets, a cylindrical permanent magnet, induction coils and E-shaped magnetic conduction materials, wherein the base support is of an axisymmetric structure, the cuboid permanent magnet is placed in a central groove of the base support, the piezoelectric sheets are horizontally placed on the upper surface of the cuboid permanent magnet, the length direction of the piezoelectric sheets is consistent with that of the cuboid permanent magnet, a cylindrical curved surface of the cylindrical permanent magnet is arranged above the piezoelectric sheets, the number of the E-shaped magnetic conduction materials is 2, the E-shaped magnetic conduction materials are arranged on two sides of the cylindrical permanent magnet and are symmetrical about the central axis of the permanent magnet cylinder, the induction coils are wound on the E-shaped magnetic conduction materials, and the distances from the E-shaped magnetic conduction materials on the two sides to the cylindrical permanent;
the magnetizing direction of the rectangular permanent magnet is the positive X-axis direction, and the magnetizing direction of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the negative X-axis direction; or the magnetizing direction of the rectangular permanent magnet is the X-axis negative direction, and the magnetizing direction of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the X-axis positive direction;
under the condition of external vibration, the cylindrical permanent magnet can roll back and forth along the length direction of the piezoelectric sheet.
2. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular permanent magnet is fixed in a central groove on the lower surface and the inner surface of the base support, and the central groove just accommodates the rectangular permanent magnet and the piezoelectric sheet.
3. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric sheet is flatly placed on the upper surface of the rectangular permanent magnet, and the width of the piezoelectric sheet is the same as that of the rectangular permanent magnet; the piezoelectric sheet is divided into an upper metal substrate, PTZ piezoelectric ceramics and a lower metal substrate, and the PZT piezoelectric ceramics and the upper/lower metal substrates are tightly pasted by conductive adhesive.
4. The electro-magnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cylindrical permanent magnet is the same as the width of the piezoelectric sheet;
in the initial state, the rectangular permanent magnet and the cylindrical permanent magnet attract each other, and the cylindrical permanent magnet is still at the central position of the piezoelectric sheet;
when the cylindrical permanent magnet is static on the piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric sheet is positioned between the cylindrical permanent magnet and the cuboid permanent magnet, and the piezoelectric sheet generates a piezoelectric effect under the action of magnetic force to generate induced voltage.
5. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the E-shaped magnetic conductive material is a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability, and is used for dredging the magnetic flux on both sides of the rectangular permanent magnet and the cylindrical permanent magnet, so as to increase the magnetic flux passing through the induction coil.
6. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the induction coil is wound around a central axis of the E-shaped magnetic conductive material to increase an output induction voltage;
the induction coil is a self-adhesive coil, the winding outer diameter of the induction coil is the same as the radius of the cylindrical permanent magnet, and the winding inner diameter of the induction coil is inscribed with the edge of the magnetic conductive material.
7. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 1, wherein the base support is made of a material having insulating and supporting functions; the material is any one of nylon, acrylic and polytetrafluoroethylene.
8. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 3, wherein the upper/lower metal sheets are made of conductive but non-conductive material; the material is selected from copper or aluminum, or the material is selected from semiconductor materials with conductive capability.
9. The electromagnetic-piezoelectric composite transducer according to claim 5, wherein the soft magnetic material is any one of engineering pure iron, magnetic stainless steel and silicon steel sheet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010390368.9A CN111371278A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Electromagnetic-piezoelectric combined transducer |
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| CN202010390368.9A CN111371278A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Electromagnetic-piezoelectric combined transducer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113014141A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Dual-conversion-mode frequency-boosting rotary vibration energy collector |
| CN113909083A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer |
-
2020
- 2020-05-08 CN CN202010390368.9A patent/CN111371278A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113014141A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-22 | 天津大学 | Dual-conversion-mode frequency-boosting rotary vibration energy collector |
| CN113909083A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer |
| CN113909083B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-07-05 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid drive type dipole acoustic wave transducer |
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