CN111365895A - Efficient and environment-friendly waste heat recovery system and heat transfer method - Google Patents
Efficient and environment-friendly waste heat recovery system and heat transfer method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111365895A CN111365895A CN201811602188.1A CN201811602188A CN111365895A CN 111365895 A CN111365895 A CN 111365895A CN 201811602188 A CN201811602188 A CN 201811602188A CN 111365895 A CN111365895 A CN 111365895A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat recovery system, which comprises a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a superheater and a throttle valve which can operate under high-temperature conditions, wherein a refrigerant comprising HFO-1234ze (Z) is used. The invention also provides a heat transfer method for recovering waste heat. The waste heat recovery system provided by the invention has the advantages of high energy efficiency ratio, high waste heat recovery speed, large volume heating capacity and excellent environmental performance of the refrigerant, can use the original R245fa compressor, and has low replacement cost.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a waste heat recovery system, and more particularly, to a waste heat recovery system and a heat transfer method using a novel refrigerant.
Background
The production process in the fields of food tobacco, textile, chemical industry, wood processing, rubber, leather, ceramic and the like needs a high-temperature heat source of 100-150 ℃ for heat supply, and the traditional heating modes such as electric heating, coal burning, fuel oil and the like are generally adopted for heating at present. The traditional heating mode has the problems of large pollution, low energy efficiency and large environmental damage. In the production process of the fields of food tobacco, textile, chemical industry, wood processing, rubber, leather, ceramic and the like, a large amount of low-temperature waste water and smoke containing waste heat can be generated, and if the waste water and the smoke are not treated and are discharged out of order, the environment pollution is caused, and the energy waste can be caused.
Waste heat recovery systems, such as heat pumps and the like, can convert low-temperature heat energy into high-temperature heat energy, can effectively improve the energy utilization rate, are energy-saving and environment-friendly heating technologies, and have been increasingly paid more attention by people. Compared with the traditional heating mode, the heat pump technology has higher efficiency, thereby reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and reducing the thermal pollution caused by waste heat emission.
According to the difference of the heating temperature of the heat pump, the heat pump can be divided into a normal temperature heat pump and a high temperature heat pump. In order to meet the requirement of industry on higher heat supply temperature, the heat pump technology is developing to high temperature (the condensation temperature is more than 100 ℃) at present. One of the key factors restricting the development of the refrigerant is the lack of a suitable refrigerant. Refrigerants used in the past as medium-high temperature heat pump systems include R11, R113, R114, etc., which are CFC substances and have high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and greenhouse effect (GWP), and developed countries have been banned, while developing countries are also banned.
Currently the more refrigerant used in heat pump systems is HCFC22 or its substitutes R407c, R410 and R134a and R245 fa. For the existing heat pump system using R22, R407c and R410a, the highest temperature capable of providing hot water is 50-55 ℃ (corresponding to condensation temperature of 55-60 ℃); in the conventional heat pump system using R134a, the maximum temperature of hot water can be 55 to 60 ℃ (corresponding to a condensation temperature of 60 to 65 ℃). If the temperature is further increased, not only the system performance is reduced, but also accidents are caused because the exhaust pressure and the exhaust temperature of the working medium exceed the safety limit of the existing heat pump system. For the high-temperature heat pump using R245fa developed in recent years, the GWP of the heat transfer working medium R245fa is up to 1050 although the heat pump has higher volumetric heating capacity and energy efficiency ratio, and the GWP can be eliminated due to the existence of greenhouse effect.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a refrigerant that is suitable for providing a condensation temperature of 100 ℃ or higher and that can be used directly in an existing heat recovery system such as a heat pump without safety problems such as excessive discharge pressure and discharge temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the current state of the art, the present inventors have studied various refrigerants that can be used in a waste heat recovery system, obtained the following refrigerants after comprehensively considering heating performance, environmental performance, cost, and the like, and applied the refrigerants to a waste heat recovery system, and thus completed the present invention.
The invention provides a refrigerant HFO-1234ze (Z) which can be used for a waste heat recovery system. The refrigerant is driven by a compressor and changes the phase of the refrigerant in a waste heat recovery system, so that waste heat at the evaporator end is recovered, and heat is released at the condenser end to prepare a high-temperature heat source required by industrial and agricultural production. The HFO-1234ze (Z), namely cis-1, 3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene, has a molecular formula of CHFCHCF3The molecular weight is 114.04, the normal boiling point is 9.75 ℃, the critical temperature is 153.6 ℃, the critical pressure is 3.97MPa, and the GWP value is 1. The refrigerant HFO-1234ze (Z) is particularly suitable for being applied to a waste heat recovery system with the condensation temperature of 100-150 ℃.
The invention also provides a waste heat recovery system using the refrigerant HFO-1234ze (Z).
The invention also provides a method for transferring heat in the waste heat recovery system.
Compared with the prior art, the refrigerant and waste heat recovery system provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) the refrigerant has excellent environmental performance, does not damage the atmospheric ozone layer, and has extremely low influence on global warming;
(2) the volume heating capacity is large, the comprehensive performance is good, and the heating temperature can reach 100-150 ℃, so that the size of the compressor can be reduced under the same heating capacity, and the equipment cost of a waste heat recovery system is reduced;
(3) the energy efficiency ratio is high, is 5 to 10 percent higher than HFC-245fa, the waste heat recovery speed is high, and the waste heat recovery amount in the same time is improved by about 2 times compared with the common refrigerant;
(4) the waste heat with lower temperature can be recovered, and the lowest waste heat temperature can be as low as 10 ℃ under the condition that the overall pressure of the system is kept in a positive pressure state;
(5) the single-stage compression heat pump system with the evaporator, the condenser and the superheater is adopted, and the heat storage medium at the heating end is effectively utilized and then passes through the superheater and then passes through the evaporator (waste heat end), so that the waste heat recovery efficiency can be further improved, and the refrigerant at the air suction port of the compressor can be further vaporized, so that the reliability of the system is ensured, and the operating efficiency of the system is improved.
(6) The original R245fa compressor can be used, and the replacement cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a waste heat recovery system, wherein:
1 is an evaporator (waste heat end), 2 is a superheater, 3 is an application unit, 4 is a compressor, 5 is a condenser (heat production end) and 6 is a throttle valve;
the solid line flow direction is the refrigerant flow direction, and the broken line flow direction is the heat storage medium flow direction.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a refrigerant HFO-1234ze (Z) which can be used for a waste heat recovery system.
The present invention provides a waste heat recovery system which includes a compressor capable of operating under a high temperature condition, an evaporator, a condenser, a superheater and a throttle valve, and uses HFO-1234ze (z) as a refrigerant, in which the refrigerant is circulated in the system.
As an example, the waste heat recovery system provided by the present invention can be assembled according to the process illustrated in fig. 1, and includes a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a superheater and a throttle valve, and the specific process is as follows:
the refrigerant absorbs waste heat at the waste heat end in the evaporator, the vaporized refrigerant enters the superheater to further absorb waste heat, then enters the compressor, is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas by the compressor, enters the condenser, transfers the heat to the heat storage medium in the condenser, is condensed into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid, and is throttled by the throttle valve to absorb the waste heat at the waste heat end in the evaporator to be vaporized. After the heat storage medium obtains high temperature in the condenser end jacket, the heat storage medium enters each application unit and is effectively utilized, the low-temperature heat storage medium firstly flows through the superheater end jacket to heat the refrigerant, further reduces the temperature and then enters the evaporator end jacket, and the waste heat is transferred to the evaporator end refrigerant, so that the waste heat is recycled.
When the waste heat recovery system is used for waste heat recovery, the refrigerant absorbs heat of the waste heat storage medium through the jacket in the evaporator, further absorbs heat of the waste heat storage medium through the jacket in the superheater to ensure that the refrigerant enters the compressor in a gas phase state, the refrigerant does work through compression of the compressor, the refrigerant releases heat to the heat storage medium through the jacket at a high temperature of 100-150 ℃, and the temperature of the heat storage medium is increased to meet use requirements.
The waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can provide a condensation point temperature of 100-150 ℃, namely: can provide a high-temperature heat source of 100-150 ℃. Preferably, the waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can provide a high-temperature heat source with the temperature of 110-140 ℃. Further preferably, the waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can provide a high-temperature heat source with the temperature of 120-130 ℃.
The waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can recover waste heat with the temperature of 10-90 ℃. Preferably, the waste heat recovery system provided by the invention recovers the waste heat with the temperature of 50-80 ℃. Further preferably, the waste heat recovery system provided by the invention recovers the waste heat with the temperature of 60-70 ℃.
The waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can be a heat pump system. The heat pump system can be one or more of a water source high-temperature heat pump hot water system, an air source high-temperature heat pump hot water system, a water source high-temperature heat pump air heating/cooling system, an air source high-temperature heat pump air heating/cooling system and a high-temperature air conditioning system.
In a preferred embodiment, the heat pump system is a single-stage compression heat pump system including an evaporator, a condenser, and a superheater.
In the waste heat recovery system provided by the invention, the rest of hot end heat storage media and the heating end heat storage media are independently selected from one or more of water, oil and gas.
The waste heat recovery system provided by the invention can use the refrigerant in combination with lubricating oil. The waste heat recovery system provided by the application needs to provide a condensation temperature of 100-150 ℃, so that the used lubricating oil is required to be high-temperature lubricating oil with stability at high temperature. Preferably, the lubricating oil is one that is stable at 250 ℃, for example: polyester Oil (POE), polyether oil (PVE), and the like.
The present invention also provides a method of transferring heat in a waste heat recovery system, the method comprising:
providing a refrigerant comprising HFO-1234ze (Z);
placing the refrigerant in the waste heat recovery system of claim 1 and flowing the heat transfer medium through an evaporator, superheater, compressor, condenser and throttle valve of the system and causing a phase change of the heat transfer medium during which heat is exchanged with the fluid or object.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention encompasses all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the claims.
HFC-245fa is commonly used in heat pump systems, particularly those with medium to high heating temperatures.
Example 1 environmental Performance
The heat transfer medium provided by the invention has the advantage of low GWP. The following table 1 illustrates the significant GWP advantages of the heat transfer media provided by the present invention. In Table 1, the ODP value was 1.0 with CFC-11 as a reference value and the GWP value was CO2For 100 yearsAs a reference value, 1.0.
TABLE 1 comparison of environmental Performance
| Heat transfer medium | ODP | GWP |
| HFO-1234ze(Z) | 0 | 1 |
| HFC-245fa | 0 | 1050 |
As can be seen from Table 1, HFO-1234ze (Z) has an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 0 and a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of only 1, and is superior in overall environmental performance.
Example 2 boiling point
Table 2 compares the boiling point and saturation pressure at 10 ℃ for the heat transfer medium provided by the present invention with the existing heat pump working fluid.
TABLE 2 comparison of boiling points
| Heat transfer medium | Boiling point (. degree.C.) | Saturated pressure (Mpa) at 10 ℃ |
| HFO-1234ze(Z) | 9.75 | 0.1023 |
| HFC-245fa | 15.1 | 0.0821 |
The heat transfer medium provided by the invention has a proper boiling point, when the environmental temperature is as low as 10 ℃, the absolute pressure of the evaporation end of the system is still higher than the atmospheric pressure (0.1013Mpa), the positive pressure state is kept, the external air cannot enter the system due to the leakage of the system, and the reliability and the safety of the system are ensured. And other working media enable the evaporation end of the system to be in a negative pressure vacuum state at the environment temperature, so that the possibility that outside air enters the system exists, and the hidden trouble of poor reliability and safety is brought to the system.
Example 3 thermal parameters and thermal Properties under different operating conditions
Different refrigerants are applied to the waste heat recovery system shown in the attached figure 1, wherein the temperature of the heat storage medium at the waste heat end is the waste heat temperature, the temperature of the high-temperature heat source obtained at the heating end is the heating temperature, the constant temperature of the waste heat end is kept by providing constant heat in the test, and the constant temperature of the high-temperature heat source is kept by changing the flow of the heat storage medium at the heating end; respectively measuring the heat obtaining value of the heating end and the heat providing value of the waste heat end, wherein the difference between the heat obtaining value and the heat providing value is the waste heat recovery amount; the ratio of the waste heat recovery amount to the power consumption of the compressor is COP.
Table 3 compares the energy efficiency ratio (COP) and the waste heat recovery amount of different refrigerants for producing high temperature heat sources at the same temperature in the system at different waste heat temperatures and different heating temperatures.
TABLE 3 comparison of Performance at different waste Heat temperatures and different heating temperatures
As can be seen from Table 3, under different working conditions, when HFO-1234ze (Z) is used as the refrigerant, the recovery amount of the waste heat per unit time is higher than that of HFC-245fa, especially when the temperature of the waste heat end is lower, the recovery amount of the waste heat in the same time is about 1.5 times higher, the recovery speed of the waste heat is 10% -20% higher than that of the commonly used HFC-245fa, and the energy efficiency is 5% -10% higher than that of the HFC-245 fa. By comprehensively evaluating the ratio of the waste heat recovery speed to the energy efficiency, HFO-1234ze (Z) has obvious advantages compared with other refrigerants. The method for recovering waste heat and obtaining a high-temperature heat source has good environmental performance and usability by using HFO-1234ze (Z) as a refrigerant and adopting a heat pump system with a superheater.
Claims (15)
1. A waste heat recovery system comprising a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, a superheater and a throttle valve capable of operating at high temperature conditions, characterized in that: in the heat recovery system, a refrigerant flows through the system, the refrigerant comprising HFO-1234ze (Z).
2. The heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein the heat recovery system is a heat recovery system providing a condensing temperature of 100 ℃ to 150 ℃.
3. A waste heat recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that the waste heat recovery system is a waste heat recovery system providing a condensation temperature of 110 ℃ to 140 ℃.
4. A waste heat recovery system according to claim 3, characterized in that the waste heat recovery system is a waste heat recovery system providing a condensation temperature of 120-130 ℃.
5. The heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein the remaining heat temperature of the heat recovery system is between 10 ℃ and 90 ℃.
6. The heat recovery system of claim 5, wherein the remaining heat temperature of the heat recovery system is between 50 ℃ and 80 ℃.
7. The heat recovery system of claim 6, wherein the remaining heat temperature of the heat recovery system is 60 ℃ to 70 ℃.
8. A waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is used in combination with lubricating oil.
9. The heat recovery system of claim 8, wherein the lubricating oil is selected from lubricating oils that are stable at a temperature of 250 ℃.
10. A heat recovery system as recited in claim 8, wherein the lubricant is selected from at least one of POE and PVE.
11. The heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein the heat recovery system is a heat pump system selected from one or more of a water source high temperature heat pump hot water system, an air source high temperature heat pump hot water system, a water source high temperature heat pump air heating/cooling system, an air source high temperature heat pump air heating/cooling system, and a high temperature air conditioning system.
12. A waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the heat pump system is a single compression stage heat pump system having an evaporator, a condenser and a superheater.
13. The waste heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat end heat storage medium and the heating end heat storage medium of the waste heat recovery system are independently selected from one or more of water, oil and gas.
14. A method of transferring heat in a waste heat recovery system, the method comprising:
providing a refrigerant comprising HFO-1234ze (Z);
placing the refrigerant in the waste heat recovery system of claim 1 and flowing the refrigerant through an evaporator, superheater, compressor, condenser, and throttle valve of the system and causing a phase change of the refrigerant during which heat is exchanged with the fluid or object.
15. A method of transferring heat in a heat recovery system according to claim 14, wherein refrigerant comprising HFO-1234ze (z) is condensed in a condenser.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002098429A (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-05 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Heat pump, hot water supply system using the same, and heating system |
| EP2306111A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-04-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Hot water system |
| CN102589273A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-18 | 东南大学 | Heat pump drying device |
| CN107796141A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-13 | 威能有限公司 | Can nonreversible refrigerant circulation with carry out defrost operation heat-pump apparatus |
| CN108700343A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | Ａｇｃ株式会社 | Heat circulating system and the thermal circulation method for having used the heat circulating system |
-
2018
- 2018-12-26 CN CN201811602188.1A patent/CN111365895A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002098429A (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-05 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Heat pump, hot water supply system using the same, and heating system |
| EP2306111A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-04-06 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Hot water system |
| CN102589273A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-18 | 东南大学 | Heat pump drying device |
| CN108700343A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | Ａｇｃ株式会社 | Heat circulating system and the thermal circulation method for having used the heat circulating system |
| CN107796141A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-13 | 威能有限公司 | Can nonreversible refrigerant circulation with carry out defrost operation heat-pump apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 陈光明,高能,朴春成: "低碳制冷剂研究及应用最新进展", 《制冷学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200703 |