CN111360451A - Sintered flux suitable for welding X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe - Google Patents
Sintered flux suitable for welding X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN111360451A CN111360451A CN202010250506.3A CN202010250506A CN111360451A CN 111360451 A CN111360451 A CN 111360451A CN 202010250506 A CN202010250506 A CN 202010250506A CN 111360451 A CN111360451 A CN 111360451A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sintered flux suitable for welding an X80 low-temperature thick-wall steel pipe, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: CaF2:10‑18％、MgO:20‑27％、Al2O3:12‑22％、CaO:2‑5％、TiO2:4‑18％、ZrO2:1‑3％、B2O31-4 percent of Mn + Ni + Si alloy, 1-5 percent of Re, 0.2-1 percent of SiO215-25 percent, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.020 percent of P. And adding chemical components required by the sintered flux in the forms of fluorite, fused magnesia, bauxite, wollastonite, rutile, natural zirconia, borax, rare earth ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferronickel. The invention adopts an aluminum alkali type and a fluorine alkali type alkaline slag system,in the submerged arc welding process of the large-wall-thickness X80 submerged arc steel pipe with the thickness of more than 20mm, the slag of the welding seam is not lost, the slag is easy to remove, and the submerged arc welding has good low-temperature impact toughness.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of steel pipe welding, and particularly relates to a sintered flux suitable for welding an X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe.
Background art:
with the increase of the dependence of national economy on oil and gas in the world, the oil and gas resources are continuously exhausted under the conventional geological conditions, the exploitation of the oil and gas resources is gradually extended to remote zones, but the oil and gas in the zones are not uniformly distributed, and a part of the oil and gas resources are distributed in alpine regions. The climate is severe in cold environment, some of the cold environment is covered by frozen soil and ice and snow for a long time, and the temperature reaches below-40 ℃, so that higher requirements are provided for the grain size and the purity of the weld joint of the oil-gas steel pipe serving in the environment.
In the process of welding thick-wall raw materials by using the conventional welding flux, as the existence time of welding flux slag in a high-temperature state of a molten pool is too long, and the slag is softened and the melting interval is unreasonable, inclusions and harmful gases cannot be fully separated out in the welding process, and the purity of a welding seam is seriously reduced; meanwhile, under the condition of large heat input, a large amount of alloy elements which hinder the growth of weld grains in a molten pool are burnt, so that the weld grains are seriously coarsened in the welding process of the large heat input, meanwhile, the structural proportion of eutectoid ferrites, widmanstatten and the like which are not beneficial to the toughness of the weld is increased, and the impact toughness of the weld of the low-temperature X80 steel grade thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe is seriously influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the sintered flux suitable for welding the X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe, double-sided internal and external submerged arc welding is carried out by matching with a corresponding welding wire, the melting point of slag is improved, the slag liquefaction interval is increased, the oxidizing capability of the slag is reduced by adding Mn, Si alloy, rare earth and other substances in the flux, harmful gas and impurities in the slag are reduced, and the purity of a welding seam is improved; meanwhile, a small amount of alloy elements such as Ti, B, Ni and the like are transferred into the welding seam through the welding flux, so that a large amount of refined and uniform acicular ferrite tissues are obtained in the welding seam metal, and the welding seam has excellent toughness at the temperature of minus 45 ℃ on the basis of higher strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the sintered flux is suitable for welding X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipes, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: CaF2:10-18％、MgO:20-27％、Al2O3:12-22％、CaO:2-5％、TiO2:4-18％、 ZrO2:1-3％、B2O31-4 percent of Mn + Ni + Si alloy, 1-5 percent of Re, 0.2-1 percent of SiO2:15-25％、 S≤0.015％，P≤0.020。
The CaF2Added in the form of fluorite mineral powder, CaF2The content is not less than 95 percent, the P is not more than 0.003 percent, and the granularity is more than 100 meshes; the MgO is added in the form of fused magnesia, the content of the MgO is not less than 95 percent, the S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, and the P is less than or equal to 0 percent.05 percent, the granularity is 80-100 meshes; the Al is2O3Added in the form of bauxite, Al2O3Not less than 84 percent, not more than S, P percent and 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 80 to 100 meshes; the CaO is added in the form of wollastonite, the content of CaO is not less than 40 percent, and SiO is2The content is less than 46 percent, S, P is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 80 to 100 meshes; the TiO is2Added in rutile form, TiO2The content is not less than 85 percent, P, S is not more than 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 100 meshes; the ZrO2Adding in the form of natural zirconia; b is2O3Is added in the form of borax, Na2B4O7·10H2The O content is more than 95 percent, and the granularity is more than 100 meshes; SiO 22The additive is introduced through wollastonite, bauxite, fluorite and fused magnesia, and is not specially added; the Re and Si alloy is added in a rare earth ferrosilicon mode, the Re content is more than 30 percent, the Si content is more than 45 percent, and the granularity is 80-120 meshes; the Mn alloy is added in an electrolytic ferromanganese mode, the Mn content is more than 99 percent, P, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the granularity is as follows: 80-120 meshes; the Ni alloy is added in an electrolytic nickel-iron form, the Ni content is more than 45 percent, P, S is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the granularity is as follows: 80-120 meshes.
The chemical components required by the sintered flux are added in the form, and the weight percentages of the mineral components and the alloy in the sintered flux are as follows: fluorite: 10-20%, fused magnesia: 22-30% of bauxite: 15-25%, wollastonite: 2-10%, rutile: 5-20% of zirconium dioxide: 1-3% and borax: 1-5% and rare earth silicon iron: 0.2-1%, ferromanganese: 2-5% and ferronickel: 2 to 8 percent; the weight percentages are as follows: fluorite: 10-20%, fused magnesia: 22-30% of bauxite: 15-25%, wollastonite: 2-10%, rutile: 5-20% of zirconium dioxide: 1-3% and borax: 1-5% and rare earth silicon iron: 0.2-1%, ferromanganese: 2-5 percent of dry powder and 2-8 percent of ferronickel are uniformly mixed according to the proportion, then 20-25 percent of potassium-sodium water glass in the weight of the dry powder is added as a binder, the baume degree of the sodium water glass as the binder is 41.9-43.9, the modulus is 2.5-2.7, then the wet material formed by binding is vibrated and granulated by a dustpan or a granulator, the granularity of the granulated flux is controlled between 10-60 meshes by a sieve with 10-20 meshes, the formed flux is dried at the low temperature of 250 ℃ by a high temperature furnace through 200-60 meshes, and finally the sintered flux is packaged after being screened at the high temperature of 900 ℃ by a sintering furnace through 10-60 meshes.
The chemical composition of the sintered flux of the present application is selected based on:
(1)CaF2as slag formers with SiO2And H on the surface of the liquid metal2The O reaction can generate HF gas which is insoluble in molten steel, can reduce the hydrogen partial pressure in the electric arc, and reduce the solubility of hydrogen in metal, but the gas has toxic action on human bodies; at the same time, CaF2Has the functions of diluting liquid slag, improving the fluidity of the slag and reducing the viscosity of the slag, and in the project, the welding parameters are larger, the existing time of a molten pool is long, and CaF2Too high can seriously affect the formability of the welding seam, and simultaneously, the toxic action on operators is increased, so the content of the nitrogen-containing sulfur is not suitable to be too high. According to the above, CaF2The content of (A) is controlled to be 10-18%.
(2) MgO belongs to an alkaline material, plays a role in regulating the alkalinity of a welding agent together with CaO, has obvious effects on improving the melting point of slag and the temperature in a melting interval, can regulate the melting point and the existence time of weld metal, and ensures the effective precipitation of harmful substances, but the content of MgO is not more than 30 percent, and when the content is too high, the melting point of the slag is increased, so that the fluidity of the slag is poor, the formability of the weld is poor, and the problems of edge biting and difficult slag removal are seriously caused, and according to the above, the content of MgO is controlled to be 20-27 percent.
(3)Al2O3As a main slagging agent, the magnesium oxide slag former has good stability at high temperature, and plays a good role in adjusting the melting point, viscosity and melting interval temperature of slag together with MgO, thereby improving and adjusting the appearance of a welding seam. When the content of Al2O3 exceeds 20%, the melting point of slag is too high, the viscosity is increased, the fluidity is weakened, and the appearance of a weld bead is seriously deteriorated. According to this, Al is added2O3The content of (A) is 12-22%.
(4) CaO as a main component of the basic slag system, whichThe method has the characteristics of small linear expansion coefficient, low crystallization phase transition temperature and the like, can increase the surface tension of slag and the interfacial tension of the slag and metal, improves the slag removal capability, and can greatly improve the technological performance of welding seams. The alkalinity of the slag can be improved, and the desulfurization and dephosphorization capability of the slag can be improved; if the content is too high, 3CaO. SiO is formed in the slag2The compound increases the melting point of the slag, and has adverse effect on the fluidity of the weld metal, and accordingly, the content of CaO is controlled to be 2-5%.
(5)TiO2Has the functions of arc stabilization and slag formation, and can replace partial SiO2The method has the effects of adjusting the melting point, viscosity, surface tension and fluidity of the slag, improving the stability of the electric arc, reducing the undercut of the welding seam and improving the formability of the welding seam; at the same time, a certain content of TiO2Trace Ti can be transited to weld metal, and the Ti and the B are combined to effectively improve weld structure, so that the low-temperature toughness of the weld is greatly improved, but the Ti and the B are easily combined with CaO to generate CaO2Thus, the slag removability is deteriorated. According to this, TiO is added2The content of (A) is controlled to be 4-18%.
(6)ZrO2Has a negative linear expansion coefficient. The volume change in the cooling process is beneficial to smooth stripping of slag shells, a certain amount of Zr can be transited into weld metal, the low-temperature toughness of deposited metal is improved, and ZrO is prepared2The content of (B) is determined to be 1-3%.
(7)SiO2The deoxidizer can be used as a deoxidizer, has a certain adjusting effect on the alkalinity, viscosity, softening temperature and the like of the slag, can be combined with most of alkaline oxides in the slag to form a compound, can increase the viscosity of the slag, ensures that the steel pipe does not drip slag in the high-speed rotation process, does not lose the metal solution of a welding seam, and ensures that the welding bead has good appearance and appearance. The adopted raw materials of wollastonite, bauxite, fluorite and fused magnesia all contain a large amount of SiO besides the main components2Therefore, SiO is not directly added in this item2Controlling the content of the raw materials to be 15-25% by blending other raw materials;
(8)Na2B4O7·10H2o can be decomposed into B after being heated2O3Which is a low melting point component,the slag viscosity and the interfacial tension are greatly improved, but the slag viscosity and the interfacial tension are not too much, and after the slag viscosity and the interfacial tension exceed 5 percent, the crystallization of the weld metal is influenced, so that the weld performance is rapidly deteriorated. The invention mainly utilizes B2O3Free state B produced in the molten state3+And (3) the Ti alloy is transferred into the welding seam, the Ti alloy is combined to refine welding seam grains, the structure is improved, the low-temperature toughness of the welding seam is improved, and the content of the Ti alloy is determined to be 1-4%.
(9) The rare earth is an alloy prepared by melting silicon, rare earth and the like, is a good nodulizer, obviously improves the quantity and the form of sulfide inclusions distributed in a strip shape, has the function of obviously reducing the sulfur content in a welding line, improves the cleanliness of the welding line, and determines the content of Re to be 0.2-1%.
(10) The Ni, Mn and Si alloy has higher transition coefficient and stronger activity, and the Ni, Mn and Si alloy is added in a form of ferronickel, ferromanganese and rare earth ferrosilicon, plays a role in reducing the oxygen activity of slag in the welding process, can make up for the Ni, Mn, Si burnt and lost in weld metal in the welding process, and takes the Ni and Mn as important elements for forming and stabilizing austenite, so that the supercooling degree of the transformation from austenite to ferrite can be increased, the nucleation rate is improved, the grain growth time is reduced, and a good grain refinement effect is achieved; meanwhile, the inclusion in the welding pool can be effectively controlled, which plays an important role in obtaining high-toughness welding joints at low temperature, therefore, the content of the added Ni, Mn and Si alloy is determined to be about 1-5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the flux and the corresponding welding wire are adopted to weld two wires and three wires inside and outside the steel pipe, the linear energy is more than 30KJ/cm, the welding seam slag is not lost, the welding path is regular, the surface of the welding seam is smooth, the metal luster is obvious, and the slag is easy to fall off.
2. After the welding flux is matched with a corresponding welding wire for welding, deposited metal Rt0.5 ═ 530-one 660MPa, Rm ═ 640-one 750MPa, impact toughness Akv at-45 ℃ is 45J, the welding flux is suitable for X80 thick-wall and large linear energy spiral submerged arc welding, and after X80 steel grade low-temperature service environment thick-wall pipeline steel is matched for welding, the welding flux has a wider welding process parameter adaptation range, an aluminum alkali type and fluorine alkali type alkaline slag system is adopted, welding seam slag is not lost and easy to remove in the process of submerged arc welding of an X80 submerged arc steel pipe with a large wall thickness of more than 20mm, and after the welding seam strength is detected to be more than 625MPa, and the impact toughness value at-45 ℃ reaches more than 80J.
3. After the welding flux and the corresponding welding wire are adopted to weld X80 steel grade thick-wall pipeline steel in a low-temperature service environment, and nondestructive testing is carried out according to the standard of a natural gas conveying pipeline, cracks, over-standard air holes and slag inclusion do not occur in the welding line, and the standard requirement is met.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in further detail below:
example 1:
(1) the flux components (wt%) include fused magnesite 28, fluorite 19, bauxite 18, wollastonite 5, rare earth 0.5, rutile 15, zirconia 2, borax 3, ferronickel 6 and ferromanganese 3.
(2) The raw materials containing certain components are dry-mixed according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirred, added with a proper amount of adhesive (potassium sodium water glass) according to a certain percentage of the total mixture mass for wet mixing (the amount is common to the technicians in the field), then granulated by a dustpan or a granulator, the granularity of the welding flux is controlled between 10 and 60 meshes, then dried at the low temperature of 250 ℃ with 200 meshes, sintered at the high temperature of 900 ℃ with 800 meshes, screened by 10 to 60 meshes and packaged by a packaging bag with the moisture resistance.
(3) The welding flux is matched with a corresponding low-temperature welding wire to weld deposited metal, and according to the standard requirements of related welding materials, a test plate adopts Q235, the thickness is 25mm, the bevel angle is 20 degrees, and the root gap is 15 mm. The welding specification is current 480A, voltage 30V, welding speed 26m/h, interchannel temperature 150 +/-15 ℃, and the mechanical properties of the welded deposited metal are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of deposited metals
(4) The welding flux is adopted for welding the inner and outer welding submerged arc steel pipes, 2 wires of X80 low-temperature welding wires are adopted for matching, and 21.4 mm-thick X80 steel grade pipeline steel is adopted: 0.05 of C, 0.25 of Si, 1.68 of Mn, 0.011 of P, 0.0016 of S, 0.17 of Cu, 0.37 of Ni0.37 of Cr, 0.22 of Mo, 0.018 of Ti, 0.05 of V, 0.03 of Al, 0.0004 of B and the balance of iron. The process method comprises the following steps: the connector is X-shaped, the angle of an inner groove is 30 degrees, the angle of an outer groove is 30 degrees, and the size of a truncated edge is 8-9 mm. The welding specification is as follows: the welding speed is 1.80m/min, the welding line energy is 33.8KJ/cm, the welding seam is well formed after welding, and the transition at the welding toe is good. The mechanical properties of the welded seam are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2X 80 detection of mechanical properties of low-temperature steel pipe welded joint
Example 2:
(1) the flux comprises (wt%) fused magnesite 24, fluorite 15, bauxite 22, wollastonite 5, rare earth 0.5, rutile 10, zirconia 2, borax 3, ferronickel 8 and ferromanganese 2.
(2) The raw materials containing certain components are dry-mixed according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirred, added with a proper amount of adhesive (potassium sodium water glass) according to a certain percentage of the total mixture mass for wet mixing (the amount is common to the technicians in the field), then granulated by a dustpan or a granulator, the granularity of the welding flux is controlled between 10 and 60 meshes, then dried at the low temperature of 250 ℃ with 200 meshes, sintered at the high temperature of 900 ℃ with 800 meshes, screened by 10 to 60 meshes and packaged by a packaging bag with the moisture resistance.
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of deposited metals
(3) The welding flux is matched with a corresponding low-temperature welding wire to weld deposited metal, and according to the standard requirements of related welding materials, a test plate adopts Q235, the thickness is 25mm, the bevel angle is 20 degrees, and the root gap is 15 mm. The welding specification is current 480A, voltage 30V, welding speed 26m/h, interchannel temperature 150 +/-15 ℃, and the mechanical properties of the welded deposited metal are shown in Table 3.
(4) The welding flux is adopted for welding the inner and outer welding submerged arc steel pipes, the X80 low-temperature welding wire 4 wires are adopted for matching, and the X80 steel grade pipeline steel with the thickness of 32.1mm is adopted: 0.07 of C, 0.26 of Si, 1.82 of Mn, 0.011 of P, 0.0016 of S, 0.20 of Cu, 0.55 of Ni0.19 of Cr, 0.35 of Mo, 0.018 of Ti, 0.03 of V, 0.03 of Al, 0.0004 of B and the balance of iron, and carrying out submerged arc steel pipe welding in a process mode of X-shaped joint form, 35 degrees of inner bevel angle, 35 degrees of outer bevel angle and 8-9mm of blunt edge size. The welding specification is as follows: the welding speed is 1.5m/min, the welding line energy is 33.8KJ/cm, the welding seam is well formed after welding, and the transition at the welding toe is good. The weld mechanical properties results after welding are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4X 80 detection of mechanical properties of low-temperature steel pipe welded joint
Claims (3)
1. The sintered flux for welding the X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe is characterized in that: the sintered flux comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: CaF2:10-18％、MgO:20-27％、Al2O3:12-22％、CaO:2-5％、TiO2:4-18％、ZrO2:1-3％、B2O31-4 percent of Mn + Ni + Si alloy, 1-5 percent of Re, 0.2-1 percent of SiO2:15-25％、S≤0.015％，P≤0.020。
2. The sintered flux for welding the X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe according to claim 1, wherein: the CaF2Added in the form of fluorite mineral powder, CaF2The content is not less than 95 percent, the P is not more than 0.003 percent, and the granularity is more than 100 meshes; the MgO is added in the form of fused magnesia, the content of the MgO is not less than 95 percent, the S is less than or equal to 0.003 percent, the P is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the granularity is 80-100 meshes; the Al is2O3Added in the form of bauxite, Al2O3Not less than 84 percent, not more than S, P percent and 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 80 to 100 meshes; the CaO is added in the form of wollastonite, CaO content of not less than 40%, SiO2The content is less than 46 percent, S, P is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 80 to 100 meshes; the TiO is2Added in rutile form, TiO2The content is not less than 85 percent, P, S is not more than 0.03 percent, and the granularity is 100 meshes; the ZrO2Adding in the form of natural zirconia; b is2O3Is added in the form of borax, Na2B4O7·10H2The O content is more than 95 percent, and the granularity is more than 100 meshes; SiO 22The additive is introduced through wollastonite, bauxite, fluorite and fused magnesia, and is not specially added; the Re and Si alloy is added in a rare earth ferrosilicon mode, the Re content is more than 30 percent, the Si content is more than 45 percent, and the granularity is 80-120 meshes; the Mn alloy is added in an electrolytic ferromanganese mode, the Mn content is more than 99 percent, P, S is less than or equal to 0.001 percent, and the granularity is as follows: 80-120 meshes; the Ni alloy is added in an electrolytic nickel-iron form, the Ni content is more than 45 percent, P, S is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the granularity is as follows: 80-120 meshes.
3. The sintered flux for welding the X80 low-temperature thick-wall submerged arc steel pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein: when chemical components required by the sintered flux are added in the forms of fluorite, fused magnesia, bauxite, wollastonite, rutile, natural zirconia, borax, rare earth ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and ferronickel, the weight percentages of mineral components and alloys in the sintered flux are as follows: fluorite: 10-20%, fused magnesia: 22-30% of bauxite: 15-25%, wollastonite: 2-10%, rutile: 5-20% of zirconium dioxide: 1-3% and borax: 1-5% and rare earth silicon iron: 0.2-1%, ferromanganese: 2-5% and ferronickel: 2 to 8 percent.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113510405A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-19 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Welding wire for welding titanium/steel dissimilar materials and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN115319331A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-11-11 | 四川大西洋焊接材料股份有限公司 | Submerged arc welding flux for vanadium-chromium-molybdenum steel, preparation method, wire agent combination and application |
| CN116690027A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-05 | 苏州思萃熔接技术研究所有限公司 | Submerged arc welding flux for welding 304 austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101549445A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-10-07 | 西安理工大学 | Submerged arc welding flux material for X80 pipeline steel and preparing method thereof |
| CN103386557A (en) * | 2013-07-06 | 2013-11-13 | 宝鸡石油钢管有限责任公司 | Sintered flux suitable for X70MS anti-corrosion pipeline steel tube submerged arc welding |
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