CN111357529A

CN111357529A - Hole type plant fixing device for high and steep rocky slope and greening method

Info

Publication number: CN111357529A
Application number: CN202010302089.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郝春明
Original assignee: North China Institute of Science and Technology
Current assignee: North China Institute of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-04-16
Filing date: 2020-04-16
Publication date: 2020-07-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a hole type plant fixing device for a high and steep rocky slope and a greening method, wherein the hole type plant fixing device comprises a hole of the high and steep rocky slope and a plant fiber container, a sandy soil layer is arranged at the bottom of the hole of the high and steep rocky slope, the bottom of the plant fiber container is embedded into the sandy soil layer, a crushed stone layer is arranged at the bottom of the plant fiber container, natural soil is covered at the top of the crushed stone layer, and a nutrition soil layer is covered at the top of the natural soil; natural soil is filled between the outer wall of the plant fiber container and the inner wall of the hole of the high and steep rock slope. The loofah sponge made of natural materials is used as a container in the hole of the high and steep rocky slope to fix the herbaceous plant, the porosity of the loofah sponge is low, and the problem of soil loss caused by rainwater and wind can be effectively solved; and the loofah sponge has good water absorption performance, can store water for plant growth, and solves the problem of plant withering caused by excessive drought. The loofah sponge can provide stable carbon source and nutrient substances for plant growth in the weathering process, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and ensures the smooth succession of an ecological system.

Description

Hole type plant fixing device for high and steep rocky slope and greening method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a hole type plant fixing device for a high and steep rocky slope and a greening method.

Background

The high-steep rock slope generally refers to a rock slope with the gradient of more than 60 degrees and the height of more than 30m, and due to the large gradient, geological disasters are easy to occur, and the problem of difficult slope repair in the world is solved. At present, the existing restoration schemes mainly comprise a net hanging spray seeding method, a fish scale hole method, a plant growing groove method, a hole type re-greening technology and a step type re-greening method.

The net hanging spray-seeding method is characterized in that a spray-mixing device is utilized to mix soil, organic matters, water-retaining agents, adhesives, seeds and the like and then spray the mixture onto a rock surface, a spray-seeding layer is formed on the surface of a rock wall, a stable structure which can lead plants to grow and develop and plant substrates not to be washed is built, and the rapid germination and growth of grass seeds are ensured. The defect is that the spray layer is easy to slide or tear with the wire netting after raining or wind blowing, thereby causing a large-area blank exposed area; because the spraying thickness is limited, only herbaceous plants can be grown generally, the evolution of an ecological system is not facilitated, and the propagation of the herbaceous plants is difficult to complete due to the lack of nutrient substances.

The fish scale cave method is that large stone gaps on steep walls are utilized, a fish scale cave is formed through small-area directional blasting, and then soil-filled bamboo baskets with plants are placed in the cave. The defect is that the construction part can only be in the place with cracks, the artificial cracks are not easy to manufacture, and geological disasters are easy to occur, so the limitation is large; the water stored in the crack is less, the nutrient substances are less, and the vegetation coverage rate is lower.

The planting method is to use the micro-topography of the stone wall to artificially trim the depression on the stone wall into a horizontal planting groove, and then to plant the vine with strong climbing ability, such as the tiger climbing in the groove. The defects that as many horizontal grooves as possible need to be arranged, platforms and soil of the lianas need to be as wide and as many as possible, and the construction difficulty is high; the horizontal groove is easily washed by rainwater, so that a large amount of soil and nutrient substances are lost; vine growth is limited because of the inability to replenish carbon sources.

The hole type green recovering technology is a method of artificially creating plant growing space by utilizing side slope gaps or drilling holes by utilizing a drilling machine, and filling a matrix or covering soil to plant plants. The disadvantages are that the soil and nutrient substances are difficult to fix, resulting in the loss of a lot of soil and nutrient substances with rain; lack of stable carbon sources, the plant itself and even the ecosystem are difficult to succeed.

The step type re-greening method is used for modifying the slope form and planting the slope in the soil by adjusting and controlling the slope rate of the slope and adopting measures such as blasting and the like. The defects that as many horizontal steps as possible need to be set, platforms and soil of the lianas need to be as wide and as many as possible, and the construction difficulty is high; horizontal steps are easily washed by rainwater, resulting in a large amount of soil and nutrient loss. The method mainly aims at the good repairing effect of the horizontal steps, but is difficult to cover and repair vegetation in the vertical slope direction, and the evolution of an ecological system is limited because a carbon source cannot be supplemented.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a hole type plant fixing device and a greening method for a high and steep rocky slope, which are applied to the high and steep rocky slope with a slope greater than 60 degrees and can realize as comprehensive as possible restoration.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a hole type plant fixing device for a high and steep rocky slope and a greening method, wherein a plant fiber container is used to fix soil and nutrients in a hole of the high and steep rocky slope, so as to prevent water and soil loss, and is suitable for the northern arid area where the soil water retention is poor and the environment where plant growth is limited is repaired, and the plant fiber container provides stable carbon sources and nutrients, thereby ensuring the smooth succession of an ecosystem.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a hole type plant fixing device for a high and steep rocky slope comprises a high and steep rocky slope hole and a plant fiber container, wherein a sandy soil layer is arranged at the bottom of the high and steep rocky slope hole, the bottom of the plant fiber container is embedded into the sandy soil layer, a crushed stone layer is arranged at the bottom of the plant fiber container, natural soil is covered at the top of the crushed stone layer, and a nutrition soil layer is covered at the top of the natural soil; and natural soil is filled between the outer wall of the plant fiber container and the inner wall of the hole of the high and steep rock slope.

Preferably, the vegetable fiber container is made of loofah sponge, and is shaped like a pocket. The loofah sponge has low porosity, can only filter water, and is difficult to lose soil, so that the problem of soil loss caused by rainwater and wind can be effectively solved; the loofah sponge has good water absorption performance, can store some water for plant growth even in arid areas, and can solve the problem of plant withering caused by excessive drought. The loofah sponge can provide a stable carbon source for the growth of herbaceous plants in the weathering process, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free.

Preferably, the included angle between the central line of the hole of the high and steep rock slope and the horizontal plane is 40-50 degrees. The hole of the high and steep rock slope is artificially created by utilizing the gap of the slope or utilizing the drilling machine to punch holes so as to provide a plant growth space.

Preferably, the depth of the hole of the high and steep rock slope is 5cm-8cm greater than the length of the plant fiber container. The depth of the hole of the high and steep rocky slope is larger than the length of the plant fiber container, so that the plant fiber container is favorable for being not deformed under the condition of adapting to extreme weather, and the top of the hole of the high and steep rocky slope can play a role in precipitation, thereby preventing the loss of nutrient substances such as organic matters.

Preferably, the thickness of the sand soil layer is 3cm-5cm, the thickness of the gravel layer is 1cm-3cm, and the thickness of the nutrition soil layer is more than 10 cm. The gravel layer of plant fiber container bottom is better as the water permeability on water conservancy diversion layer, can discharge moisture, can effectively solve the rainwater too big, leads to the rotten problem of plant roots. The sandy soil layer at the bottom of the hole of the high-steep rock slope can store partial rainwater to cope with extreme drought conditions; when the rainwater is big, sand layer also can let rivers play as the diversion layer to as the filter layer prevents the loss of nutrients such as organic matter. The action of natural soil ensures that plants with more developed root systems can survive after the grass plants compete with each other or succeed for the second time.

Preferably, the distance between the outer wall of the plant fiber container and the inner wall of the hole of the high steep rock slope is more than 2.5 cm. The hole between the outer wall of the plant fiber container and the inner wall of the hole of the high and steep rock slope can help to fix the plant fiber container during construction, prevent the plant fiber container from being seriously deformed after being eroded by wind and rain, and provide necessary air for a plant root system.

The greening method of the hole type plant fixing device for the steep rocky slope comprises the following steps:

step 1, forming a hole of the high-steep rock slope by utilizing a gap of the high-steep rock slope or drilling by utilizing a drilling machine, and filling a sandy soil layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm into the bottom of the hole of the high-steep rock slope for bottoming;

step 2, selecting mature loofah sponge and shaping into a bag-shaped plant fiber container, wherein a 1cm-3cm gravel layer is filled at the bottom of the plant fiber container, and natural soil with the thickness of about 5cm is filled at the top of the gravel layer;

step 3, embedding the bottom of the plant fiber container into a sand layer for shaping, continuously filling natural soil into the plant fiber container to about 1/2 of the total length of the plant fiber container, and then filling a nutrient soil layer until the plant fiber container is filled, wherein the thickness of the nutrient soil layer is more than 10 cm;

step 4, filling natural soil into the pores between the outer wall of the plant fiber container and the inner wall of the hole of the high and steep rock slope;

and 5, planting herbaceous plants in the nutrient soil layer.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the technical scheme, aiming at the characteristics of the high and steep rocky slope, the high and steep rocky slope hole is formed by utilizing a high and steep rocky slope gap or drilling by utilizing a drilling machine, the vegetable sponge made of natural materials is used as a container for fixing the herbaceous plants, and the problem of soil loss caused by rainwater and wind can be effectively solved due to the low porosity of the vegetable sponge; and the loofah sponge has good water absorption performance, can store water for plant growth, and solves the problem of plant withering caused by excessive drought. The loofah sponge can provide a stable carbon source for the growth of herbaceous plants in the weathering process, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the technical means implementable in accordance with the contents of the description, and to make the above and other objects, technical features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, one or more preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, which correspond to the figures in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and which are not to scale unless otherwise specified.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hole type plant fixing device for a high steep rock slope according to the present invention.

Description of the main reference numerals:

1-high cliff slope hole, 2-plant fiber container, 3-nutrient soil layer, 4-natural soil, 5-gravel layer and 6-sandy soil layer.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.

Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "lower," "upper," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the items in the figures are turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of below and above. The article may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

As shown in figure 1, the hole type plant fixing device for the high and steep rock slope comprises a high and steep rock slope hole 1 and a plant fiber container 2, wherein the central line of the high and steep rock slope hole 1 forms an included angle of 40-50 degrees with the horizontal plane. The bottom of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope is provided with a sand layer 6, and the thickness of the sand layer 6 is 3cm-5 cm. The depth of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope is 5cm-8cm greater than the length of the plant fiber container 2. The depth of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope is larger than the length of the plant fiber container 2, so that the plant fiber container 2 is beneficial to being not deformed under the condition of adapting to extreme weather, and the top of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope can play a role in precipitation, thereby preventing the loss of nutrient substances such as organic matters and the like. The hole 1 of the high and steep rock slope is artificially created by utilizing a slope gap or drilling by utilizing a drilling machine to provide a plant growth space.

In plant fiber container 2's bottom embedding sand bed 6, plant fiber container 2's bottom is equipped with metalling 5, metalling 5's thickness is 1cm-3cm, and metalling 5 of plant fiber container 2 bottom is better as the water permeability on water conservancy diversion layer, can discharge moisture, can effectively solve the rainwater too big, leads to the rotten problem of plant roots. The sandy soil layer 6 at the bottom of the hole 1 of the high-steep rocky side slope can store partial rainwater to cope with extreme drought conditions; when the rainwater is big, sand layer 6 also can let rivers play as the diversion layer fast to as the filter layer prevent the loss of nutrients such as organic matter.

The top of gravel layer 5 covers there is natural soil 4, the top of natural soil 4 covers nutrient soil layer 3, nutrient soil layer 3's thickness is greater than 10 cm. The natural soil 4 can ensure that the plants with more developed root systems can survive after the grass plants are subjected to interspecific competition or secondary succession.

The distance between the outer wall of the plant fiber container 2 and the inner wall of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope is more than 2.5 cm. And natural soil 4 is filled between the outer wall of the plant fiber container 2 and the inner wall of the hole 1 of the high-steep rocky slope. The hole between the outer wall of the plant fiber container 2 and the inner wall of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky side slope can help to fix the plant fiber container 2 during construction, prevent the plant fiber container 2 from being seriously deformed after being eroded by wind and rain, and provide necessary air for a plant root system.

The material of the plant fiber container 2 is preferably loofah sponge, and the shape of the plant fiber container 2 is a pocket type. The loofah sponge has low porosity, can only filter water, and is difficult to lose soil, so that the problem of soil loss caused by rainwater and wind can be effectively solved; the loofah sponge has good water absorption performance, can store some water for plant growth even in arid areas, and can solve the problem of plant withering caused by excessive drought. The loofah sponge can provide a stable carbon source for the growth of herbaceous plants in the weathering process, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free.

step 1, forming a hole 1 of the high-steep rock slope by utilizing a gap of the high-steep rock slope or drilling by utilizing a drilling machine, and filling a sandy soil layer 6 with the thickness of 3-5 cm into the bottom of the hole 1 of the high-steep rock slope for priming;

step 2, selecting mature loofah sponge and shaping into a bag-shaped plant fiber container 2, wherein a 1cm-3cm gravel layer 5 is filled at the bottom of the plant fiber container 2, and natural soil 4 with the thickness of about 5cm is filled at the top of the gravel layer 5;

step 3, embedding the bottom of the plant fiber container 2 into a sand layer 6 for shaping, continuously filling natural soil 4 into the plant fiber container 2 to about 1/2 of the total length of the plant fiber container 2, and then filling a nutrient soil layer 3 into the plant fiber container 2, wherein the thickness of the nutrient soil layer 3 is more than 10 cm;

step 4, filling natural soil 4 into the pores between the outer wall of the plant fiber container 2 and the inner wall of the hole 1 of the high and steep rocky slope;

and 5, planting herbaceous plants in the nutrient soil layer 3, and realizing the greening of the high-steep-rocky slope through the growth of the herbaceous plants in the hole 1 of the high-steep-rocky slope.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hole type plant fixing device for a high and steep rocky slope is characterized by comprising a high and steep rocky slope hole (1) and a plant fiber container (2), wherein a sand layer (6) is arranged at the bottom of the high and steep rocky slope hole (1), the bottom of the plant fiber container (2) is embedded into the sand layer (6), a gravel layer (5) is arranged at the bottom of the plant fiber container (2), natural soil (4) is covered at the top of the gravel layer (5), and a nutrition soil layer (3) is covered at the top of the natural soil (4);

and natural soil (4) is filled between the outer wall of the plant fiber container (2) and the inner wall of the hole (1) of the high and steep rocky slope.

2. The hole-type plant fixing device for the high and steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the plant fiber container (2) is made of loofah sponge, and the plant fiber container (2) is shaped like a pocket.

3. A hole type vegetation fixture for high steep rocky slopes according to claim 2, wherein the angle between the center line of the hole (1) of high steep rocky slope and the horizontal plane is 40-50 degrees.

4. A hole type plant fixing device for high steep rock slope according to claim 3 is characterized in that the depth of the hole (1) of the high steep rock slope is 5cm-8cm greater than the length of the plant fiber container (2).

5. A hole type plant fixing device for high steep rock slope according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of said sandy soil layer (6) is 3cm-5cm, the thickness of said gravel layer (5) is 1cm-3cm, and the thickness of said nutrient soil layer (3) is more than 10 cm.

6. A hole plant fixture for high steep rocky slopes according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the outer wall of the plant fiber container (2) and the inner wall of the hole (1) of high steep rocky slope is greater than 2.5 cm.

7. The method for greening the hole type plant fixing device for the steep rocky slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

step 1, punching holes in a high and steep rocky side slope gap or a drilling machine to form a high and steep rocky side slope hole (1), and filling a sandy soil layer (6) with the thickness of 3-5 cm into the bottom of the high and steep rocky side slope hole (1) for bottoming;

step 2, selecting mature loofah sponge and shaping into a bag-shaped plant fiber container (2), wherein a 1-3 cm rubble layer (5) is filled at the bottom of the plant fiber container (2), and natural soil (4) with the thickness of about 5cm is filled at the top of the rubble layer (5);

step 3, embedding the bottom of the plant fiber container (2) into a sand layer (6) for shaping, continuously filling natural soil (4) into the plant fiber container (2) to about 1/2 of the total length of the plant fiber container (2), then filling a nutrient soil layer (3) into the plant fiber container (2), wherein the thickness of the nutrient soil layer (3) is more than 10 cm;

step 4, filling natural soil (4) into the pores between the outer wall of the plant fiber container (2) and the inner wall of the hole (1) of the high and steep rocky side slope;

and 5, planting herbaceous plants in the nutrient soil layer (3).