CN111357511A - Device and method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings. Also comprises a cooling system for keeping the temperature of the medicament in the medicament barrel. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pruning the seedlings; (2) preparing a medicament; (3) soaking the seedling medicament; (4) separating the medicament and the seedling. The device can effectively prevent powdery mildew of red strawberry seedlings in hot summer, can thoroughly treat the seedlings containing the powdery mildew, has 100 percent of cure efficiency, can obviously improve the strong seedling rate of the strawberries, increases the production benefit, ensures uniform application of the front and back surfaces of the strawberry leaves, has good prevention and treatment effects, reduces the incidence rate of phytotoxicity, and saves the application and labor cost.

Description

Device and method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural disease control equipment, in particular to a device and a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings.

Background

Seedling breeding is a key link in strawberry production, and the quality of seedlings determines the yield and quality of strawberries to a great extent. In recent years, with the rapid development of the strawberry market, the conventional open field seedling raising is susceptible to diseases such as anthracnose, root rot, powdery mildew and the like, and the problems of low propagation coefficient, common seedling death phenomenon and the like are gradually solved. With the development of large-scale, specialized and intensive seedling raising fields, the strawberry plug substrate seedling raising technology is widely applied to production. The plug seedling technique is adopted to breed strawberry seedlings, so that the impact of rainwater on the seedlings in summer can be effectively avoided, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases can be reduced; the seedling has good quality and complete root system, can realize the refrigeration and long-distance transportation of strawberry seedlings, ensures higher survival rate, and has incomparable advantages of soil cultivation.

The red-face strawberry is the most popular variety in the market of strawberries at present, has the advantages of vigorous growth, high yield, large fruit shape, good taste, beautiful appearance, good marketability and the like, and is a good variety which has good development prospect and is suitable for agricultural ecological sightseeing and picking, and the yield per mu is high, and the harvest time is long. However, the red strawberry has serious powdery mildew in the seedling stage. In recent years, the red strawberry powdery mildew has more remarkable harm, and the disease develops rapidly and lasts for a long time; the conidia are propagated mainly through air flow, and germinate after the conidia invade from stomata on the back of the leaf. The infected part of the plant at the early stage of disease attack has a small amount of white hypha layer, and the newly grown conidiospore can infect the strawberry again along with the lapse of time, so that the disease condition is aggravated, the severe disease attack is shown in that the white mildew layer of the infected part is thickened, dark disease spots with irregular sizes are generated, the disease spots at the later stage are changed into reddish brown, and the edge of the leaf is wilted. The strawberry powdery mildew is mostly on the back of leaves, the disease rate is high, the development and prevalence speed is high, and even the strawberry plug seedlings are completely infected in a short period, so that the planting and sale of the strawberry plug seedlings are influenced.

At present, chemical control is mainly used for controlling powdery mildew. The plants at the early stage of the cutting seedlings are small, the leaves shield each other due to the small relative area between the single plants in the plug tray at the later stage, and the obvious effect can be achieved only by applying pesticide to the front and back surfaces of the leaves for powdery mildew drug control, so that a lot of pesticide and manual work are needed for operation, and the problems that the pesticide application is uneven or cannot be applied to the positions, especially the back surfaces of the leaves, the pesticide cannot contact with germs, the using amount of the pesticide is large, the manual operation is difficult, the labor amount is large and the like exist; in addition, powdery mildew is a higher class in fungi, is easy to generate drug resistance, and particularly can generate the same resistance to similar drugs, so that the drug effect is poor, and diseases still exist after multiple drug application. After powdery mildew occurs, strawberry farmers often use a plurality of pesticides in excess and simultaneously spray, most of the pesticides belong to triazole bactericides and have an inhibiting effect on synthesis of auxin and gibberellin in plant bodies, so that strawberry plants are atrophied.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings, which solve the problem of preventing and thoroughly treating the powdery mildew of the red strawberry seedlings during strawberry cutting seedling culture; and solves the problems of powdery mildew prevention by adopting a traditional seedling raising mode of spraying pesticide, uneven and incomplete spraying on the front and back of the leaves, poor prevention and treatment effects, labor and force waste, more pesticide spraying dosage, high production cost, poor production benefit and the like.

The technical scheme is as follows: the device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the red strawberry cutting seedlings comprises a base, a medicament barrel, a rotary separating mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the medicament barrel is arranged on the base and used for containing medicaments, the rotary separating mechanism is arranged in the medicament barrel and used for stirring the medicaments and separating the medicaments from the seedlings, and the driving mechanism is arranged in the base, and the output end of the driving mechanism is connected with the rotary separating mechanism and used for driving the rotary separating mechanism. Wherein, the medicament barrel is made of plastic heat-insulating material and is in a barrel shape.

In order to maintain the temperature of the medicament barrel, the device further comprises a cooling system for maintaining the temperature of the medicament in the medicament barrel.

Rotatory separating mechanism including locating in the medicament bucket and with the pivot of actuating mechanism's output connection, with a plurality of stirring vane that the pivot is connected and uses the pivot as the center external radiation, with the separation disc of a plurality of stirring vane below can be dismantled the axle and cup joint and locate to the pivot, just a plurality of holes have been seted up on the separation disc.

In order to realize the separation of the medicament and the seedlings, the driving mechanism is an electric push rod, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with the separating disc and the stirring blades, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with the electric push rod which can rotate and lift the separating disc and the stirring blades.

For the temperature that guarantees medicament barrel interior medicament keeps in the certain limit, cooling system is including locating temperature sensor in the medicament barrel and can receive temperature sensor's temperature signal and can adjust the cooling mechanism of medicament temperature in the medicament barrel according to temperature signal, just cooling mechanism locates in the base.

The temperature sensor is further connected with a temperature display screen capable of displaying temperature, and the temperature display screen is arranged on the base.

Wherein, the cooling system can be refrigerated by a semiconductor refrigeration piece.

For guaranteeing that electric putter and cooling mechanism can normal operating, still be equipped with the battery that is connected and can provide the power to electric putter and cooling mechanism with electric putter and cooling mechanism electricity respectively in the base, just still be equipped with the electric putter switch and the cooling mechanism switch that can control electric putter and cooling mechanism work on the base and can be used for the mouth that charges that the battery charges.

In order to prevent the medicament from splashing out of the barrel and keep the temperature in the barrel when the medicament is stirred, a barrel cover matched with the opening shape at the upper end of the medicament barrel is arranged above the medicament barrel.

For conveniently changing and cleaning residual medicament in the medicament barrel, a liquid discharge port capable of discharging residual medicament is arranged below the side of the medicament barrel.

The method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the red strawberry cutting seedlings by using the device comprises the following steps:

(1) pruning the seedlings: and (3) subtracting stolon seedlings from the mother plant, and pruning, wherein 1-2 leaves are reserved for each seedling, and the stolon is reserved for 0.5-1 cm.

(2) Preparation of the medicament: adding 80% thiram water dispersible granules, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and water into a medicament barrel, and stirring to uniformly mix the medicaments.

Firstly, clear water with the volume of 1/3 is added into a medicament barrel, 40g of 80% thiram water dispersible granules and 50g of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder are added, an electric push rod switch is turned on to stir the medicaments uniformly, then, the medicament barrel 2/3 is filled with water, the switch is started, and the medicaments are stirred continuously to be mixed uniformly.

(3) Soaking the seedling medicament: placing the pruned seedling in a medicament barrel, tightly covering the barrel cover, fully contacting the medicament with the seedling, and keeping the temperature in the barrel at 16-18 ℃.

The electric push rod switch is started to make the medicament fully contact with the seedling, and the temperature reduction mechanism switch is started to keep the temperature in the barrel at 16-18 ℃.

(4) Separating the medicament and the seedlings: and after soaking, separating the medicament and the seedlings to obtain the seedlings capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the red strawberry cutting seedlings.

And (4) after the rotating motor in the step (3) is stirred for 3min, stopping rotating, lifting the separating disc by an electric push rod to separate the medicament from the seedlings, standing for 1min to enable redundant medicament attached to the surfaces of the seedlings to drop into the barrel, then taking down the separating disc, intensively putting the treated seedlings into a container, and enabling the seedlings to be used for cuttage. The agent can be reused for treating more cutting seedlings.

The method is programmed and uses a singlechip or a PLC as a programmer to program for automatic control.

Has the advantages that: 1. the device can effectively prevent powdery mildew of red strawberry seedlings in hot summer, can thoroughly treat the seedlings containing the powdery mildew, has 100 percent of cure efficiency, can obviously improve the strong seedling rate of the strawberries, and increases the production benefit; 2. because the cutting seedlings are soaked in the medicament, the front and back sides of the strawberry leaves are uniformly used, the prevention and treatment effects are good, and the labor cost can be greatly reduced; 3. the pesticide spraying mode is not adopted, the used pesticide can be repeatedly utilized for many times, the production cost can be obviously reduced, the production benefit is improved, and the environmental pollution caused by excessive use of the pesticide is reduced; 4. most of pesticides for preventing and treating powdery mildew belong to triazole fungicides, and have an inhibiting effect on synthesis of auxin and gibberellin in a plant body, the device can reduce the using amount of pesticides, prevent the pesticides from damaging the plant, can obviously increase the resistance of the strawberry, and is beneficial to culturing strong seedlings; 5. high fever promotes the decomposition of medicament and the volatilization of medicine active ingredient easily, and when the weather was hotter, the chemical activity of medicament became strong, and crops are vigorous under the hot weather, and the blade gas pocket is open many and big to so that receive the phytotoxicity, because the device can make the medicament guarantee invariable temperature, make the young all can handle at any time, and the adnexed unnecessary medicament of blade is rested the back and is dripped into the explosive barrel, can reduce the incidence of phytotoxicity.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, the device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base 1, a chemical barrel 2 disposed on the base 1 and used for holding chemicals, a rotary separating mechanism 3 disposed in the chemical barrel 2 and used for stirring the chemicals and separating the chemicals from seedlings, an electric push rod disposed in the base 1, an output end of the electric push rod being connected to the rotary separating mechanism 3 and used for driving the rotary separating mechanism, and a cooling system 4 used for maintaining the temperature of the chemicals in the chemical barrel, wherein the cooling system 4 is a semiconductor refrigeration sheet for refrigeration.

The medicament barrel 2 is made of plastic heat-insulating materials and is cylindrical, a barrel cover 21 matched with the opening shape of the upper end of the barrel is arranged above the barrel, and a liquid discharging opening 22 capable of discharging residual medicaments is arranged below the barrel.

The rotary separating mechanism 3 comprises a rotating shaft 31 arranged in the medicament barrel 2 and connected with the output end of the electric push rod, a plurality of stirring blades 32 which are connected with the rotating shaft 31 and radiate outwards by taking the rotating shaft as the center, and a separating disc 33 which is detachably sleeved with the rotating shaft 31 and arranged below the stirring blades 32, wherein a plurality of holes 34 are formed in the separating disc 33.

The cooling system 4 includes a temperature sensor 41 disposed in the medicine barrel 2, and a cooling mechanism capable of receiving a temperature signal of the temperature sensor 41 and adjusting the temperature of the medicine in the medicine barrel 2 according to the temperature signal, and the cooling mechanism is disposed in the base 1. Wherein, the temperature sensor 41 is further connected with a temperature display screen 42 capable of displaying temperature, and the temperature display screen 42 is arranged on the base 1.

Still be equipped with respectively in the base 1 with electric putter and cooling mechanism electricity be connected and can provide the battery of power to electric putter and cooling mechanism, and still be equipped with on the base 1 and control electric putter and the electric putter switch 5 and the cooling mechanism switch 6 of cooling mechanism work and can be used for the mouth that charges that the battery charges.

The method for preventing and treating powdery mildew of the red strawberry cutting seedlings by using the device comprises the following steps:

(1) pruning the seedlings: and (3) subtracting stolon seedlings from the mother plant, and pruning, wherein 1-2 leaves are reserved for each seedling, and the stolon is reserved for 0.5-1 cm.

(2) Preparation of the medicament: adding 1/3 clear water into a medicine containing barrel, adding 40g of thiram 80% thiram water dispersible granules and 50g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, turning on an electric push rod switch to stir the medicines uniformly, filling 2/3 water into the medicine containing barrel, starting the switch, and continuing stirring to uniformly mix the medicines.

(3) And (3) soaking the seedlings with a medicament: placing the pruned seedling in a medicine barrel, covering the barrel cover tightly, starting a switch to make the medicine fully contact with the seedling, keeping the temperature in the barrel at 16-18 deg.C, and stopping rotation after 3 min.

(4) Separating the seedling from the medicament: the electric push rod lifts the separating disc to separate the medicament from the seedling, and the standing is carried out for 1min to make the redundant medicament attached to the surface of the seedling drop into the barrel. Then the separating disc is taken down, the treated seedlings are collectively put into a container, and the seedlings can be used for cuttage. The agent can be reused for treating more cutting seedlings.

The method is programmed and uses a singlechip or a PLC as a programmer to program for automatic control.

The device was analyzed for its effectiveness in preventing and treating powdery mildew according to the field test as follows:

test 1

The test is carried out in seedling raising sheds of Jiangsu agriculture Boyuan of Jiangsu sentence-tolerant city in 7/1 of 2019, the creeping stems are adopted for cutting and breeding, plug seedling breeding is carried out, the used variety is red, the seedlings are plants without diseases, the control treatment adopts a normal pesticide spraying method for preventing and treating powdery mildew, the test treatment is carried out by using the instrument disclosed by the invention, and the control of the later period of cutting is the same as the control. Investigation statistics are carried out on the incidence rate of powdery mildew of strawberry at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d and 50d after cuttage respectively. Sampling was carried out by a five-point sampling method, and 5 plants were investigated at each point, for a total of 25 plants.

The results of the investigation are shown in table 1 below:

TABLE 1 incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry

As shown in Table 1, the incidence rate of powdery mildew of the red strawberry control treatment is gradually increased at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d and 50d after cutting, and the test group using the patented instrument of the invention investigates that the powdery mildew does not occur. Therefore, the invention has obvious effect of preventing the powdery mildew of the red strawberry.

Test 2

The test is carried out in a seedling raising shed in Jiangsu agriculture Boyuan of Jiangsu full-capacity city in 7 and 1 month in 2019, the elevated strawberry seedling picking method is adopted for hole tray seedling breeding, the variety is red, the seedling is 100% of diseased plants, the control treatment adopts a normal pesticide spraying method for preventing and treating powdery mildew, the test treatment is carried out by using the instrument disclosed by the invention, and the control of the later-stage cuttage management is the same as the control. Investigation statistics are carried out on the incidence rate of powdery mildew of strawberry at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d and 50d after cuttage respectively. Sampling was carried out by a five-point sampling method, and 5 plants were investigated at each point, for a total of 25 plants. The results of the investigation are shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 incidence of powdery mildew of strawberry

As shown in table 2, the incidence of powdery mildew of the red strawberries in the control treatment is reduced and then increased at 10d, 20d, 30d, 40d and 50d after cutting, which indicates that the early spraying has an effect but the effect is not obvious, and the later spraying does not control the powdery mildew of the red strawberries; according to the investigation of a test group using the proprietary instrument disclosed by the invention, the powdery mildew is almost controlled before cuttage, and the powdery mildew of the red strawberry is thoroughly controlled by combining with later-stage spraying. Therefore, the invention has a thorough curative effect on the treatment of the powdery mildew of the red strawberry.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a device of prevention and cure reddish strawberry cuttage seedling powdery mildew which characterized in that: including the base, locate on the base and be used for holding the medicament bucket of medicament, locate in the medicament bucket and be used for stirring medicament and separation medicament and the rotatory separating mechanism of seedling, locate in the base and its output be connected with rotatory separating mechanism and be used for the drive rotatory separating mechanism's actuating mechanism.

2. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device also includes a cooling system for maintaining the temperature of the medicament within the medicament cartridge.

3. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: rotatory separating mechanism including locating in the medicament bucket and with the pivot of actuating mechanism's output connection, with the pivot is connected and uses the pivot as a plurality of stirring vane of central external radiation, with the separating disc of a plurality of stirring vane below is cup jointed and locates to the pivot, just a plurality of holes have been seted up on the separating disc.

4. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the driving mechanism is an electric push rod, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with the separating disc and the stirring blades, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is connected with the electric push rod which can enable the rotating shaft to rotate and lift.

5. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cooling system is including locating temperature sensor in the medicament bucket and can receive temperature sensor's temperature signal and can adjust the cooling mechanism of medicament temperature in the medicament bucket according to temperature signal, just cooling mechanism locates in the base.

6. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that: the temperature sensor is also connected with a temperature display screen capable of displaying temperature, and the temperature display screen is arranged on the base.

7. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: still be equipped with respectively in the base with actuating mechanism and cooling mechanism electricity be connected and can provide the battery of power to actuating mechanism and cooling mechanism, just still be equipped with actuating mechanism switch and the cooling mechanism switch that can control actuating mechanism and cooling mechanism work on the base and can be used for the mouth that charges that the battery charges.

8. The device for preventing and treating powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: a barrel cover matched with the opening shape at the upper end of the medicament barrel is arranged above the medicament barrel.

9. Method for controlling powdery mildew of red strawberry cutting seedlings by using the device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pruning the seedlings: reducing stolon seedlings on the mother plant, and pruning, wherein 1-2 leaves are reserved for each seedling, and the stolon is reserved for 0.5-1 cm;

(2) preparation of the medicament: adding 80% thiram water dispersible granules, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and water into a medicament barrel, and stirring to uniformly mix the medicaments;

(3) soaking the seedling medicament: placing the pruned seedlings in a medicament barrel, tightly covering the barrel cover, fully contacting the medicament with the seedlings, and keeping the temperature in the barrel at 16-18 ℃;

(4) separating the medicament and the seedlings: and after soaking, separating the medicament and the seedlings to obtain the seedlings capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the red strawberry cutting seedlings.

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