CN111355514B - Spread spectrum detection method for direct spread spectrum signal - Google Patents
Spread spectrum detection method for direct spread spectrum signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spread spectrum detection method of a direct spread spectrum signal, thereby providing a simple and effective spread spectrum detection method which is simultaneously suitable for long codes and short codes, and solving the problems of long scrambling period, large data volume and difficult detection of the direct spread spectrum signal. According to the characteristic that a direct sequence spread spectrum signal has double code rates of a baseband code rate and a spread spectrum code rate, sampling data is subjected to low-pass filtering and then extracted by N times, the calculated power spectrum is required to be lower than a threshold, namely only the low-frequency part of the original data is reserved, and otherwise, filtering and extraction are continued; then, calculating an envelope spectrum and a threshold by adopting a sectional average mode on the extracted data; and finally, detecting and counting the effective peak points which pass the threshold in the envelope spectrum, if the count is more than 1, namely a baseband code rate spectral line exists, considering that the direct spread signal exists in the sampled data, and if not, considering that the direct spread signal does not exist in the sampled data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of signal detection and the field of spread spectrum modulation identification, in particular to a spread spectrum detection method for a direct spread spectrum signal.
Background
The spread spectrum communication technology has the characteristics of strong concealment, interception resistance, noise and interference resistance, and is widely applied along with the development of the wireless broadband digital communication technology. The requirement for spread spectrum signal detection is increasingly urgent, and spread spectrum signal detection has important significance for abnormal signal discovery, environment safety detection, digital countermeasure and the like.
Taking CDMA2000 uplink signal as an example for explanation, the CDMA2000 uplink signal is a typical long code direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein the long code period is 41 days, 10 hours, 12 minutes, and 19.4 seconds. If the detection is carried out by adopting a cepstrum, a quadratic spectrum and other modes, data of more than 82 days needs to be continuously acquired for calculation, and in actual operation, the required time of 82 days is too long, so that the application feasibility is not realized.
Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the spread spectrum detection method of the direct spread spectrum signal is provided, is simultaneously suitable for the spread spectrum detection method of the long code and the short code, and solves the problems that the scrambling code period of the direct spread spectrum signal is long, the data volume is large, and the detection is difficult.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
the spread spectrum detection method of the direct spread spectrum signal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sampling the direct spread signal data at a sampling rate fsObtaining zero intermediate frequency sampling data { x (n) ═ 1,2, … … }; then, FFT (fast Fourier transform) is carried out on the x (n) sequence in a segmented average mode to obtain a power spectrum, and the power spectrum { p (n) }, wherein n is 1,2,3, … … and M;
2) calculating an x-dB bandwidth BW for the power spectrum { p (n) ═ 1,2,3, … …, M };
3) according to the sampling rate fsAnd bandwidth BW, calculating an extraction multiple N;
4) according to the extraction multiple N, firstly, the sampling data { x (N) }, N ═ 1,2, … … } is convoluted by a low-pass filter with the coefficient h (N), the convolution calculation result data { y (N) }, N ═ 1,2, … … } is output, and the passband bandwidth of the low-pass filter is equal toThen extracting the convolution calculation result data by N times to obtain extracted data
5) To pairThe sequence is subjected to FFT conversion in a segmented average mode to obtain a power spectrum
6) For power spectrumCalculating the mean value to obtain a threshold1Traversing all points in the power spectrum, searching whether a point which passes a threshold exists, if the active power value is higher than the point of the threshold, making N be 2 x N, and executing the step 4); otherwise, executing step 7);
7) to pairEnvelope of sequence calculationThen FFT transform is carried out by adopting a sectional average mode to obtain an envelope spectrum
8) For envelope spectrumCalculating the mean value to obtain a threshold2Traversing all points in the envelope spectrum, searching whether a point which passes a threshold and is a valid peak exists, counting the point as c, and if the point is found, adding 1 to the value of c;
9) judging the value of c, if the value is larger than 1, sampling data { x (n) }, wherein n is 1,2, … …, and is a direct spread spectrum signal; otherwise { x (n) ═ 1,2, … … } is an indirect spread spectrum signal.
Has the advantages that: according to the detection method provided by the invention, according to the characteristic that a direct sequence spread spectrum signal has double code rates of a baseband code rate and a spread spectrum code rate, sampling data is subjected to low-pass filtering and then N times of extraction, the calculated power spectrum is required to be lower than a threshold, namely only the low-frequency part of the original data is reserved, and otherwise, filtering and extraction are continued; then, calculating an envelope spectrum and a threshold by adopting a sectional average mode on the extracted data; and finally, detecting and counting the effective peak points which pass the threshold in the envelope spectrum, if the count is more than 1, namely a baseband code rate spectral line exists, considering that the direct spread signal exists in the sampled data, and if not, considering that the direct spread signal does not exist in the sampled data. The detection method is simple and convenient, is simultaneously suitable for the spread spectrum detection method of long codes and short codes, and solves the problems of long code direct spread spectrum signal scrambling code period, large data volume and difficult detection. The method can also solve the problems that the short code direct sequence spread spectrum signal period is uncertain, and the processing time is prolonged if the longer data is used for calculating larger calculation amount caused by secondary spectrum and the like, thereby effectively improving the detection efficiency of the direct sequence spread spectrum signal including the short code.
Further, performing FFT conversion to solve a power spectrum or an envelope spectrum in a segmented averaging manner in the steps 1), 5) and 7), that is, extracting L segments of data from the input data, wherein the length of each segment of data is M, performing FFT conversion with the length of M on each segment of data, then calculating power values, and finally accumulating corresponding positions to calculate an average.
Further, in the step 3), the method for calculating the extraction multiple N is that N satisfiesAnd can trim fsIs the smallest integer of (a).
Further, in step 8, the effective peak point has the following three conditions:
2) Definition ofThe value higher than the left and right is the peak point, namely the peak point is satisfied
3) The adjacent wave peak points need to exist below the threshold2Point (2) of (c).
Further, the direct sequence spread spectrum signal is a long code direct sequence spread spectrum signal or a short code direct sequence spread spectrum signal. x-dB is chosen to be 10 dB.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of spread spectrum detection of direct sequence spread spectrum signals according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is fs=2.5*106CDMA2000 uplink signal power spectrum at sampling rate.
Fig. 3 shows a sampled CDMA2000 uplink signal 500 x 103And carrying out HZ low-pass filtering and then extracting N to 5 times of the power spectrogram and the threshold.
Fig. 4 shows a sampled CDMA2000 uplink signal 500 x 103And carrying out HZ low-pass filtering and N-time extraction to obtain an envelope spectrogram and a threshold.
FIG. 5 is fs=2.5*106CDMA2000 downlink signal power spectrogram at sampling rate.
Fig. 6 shows a sampled CDMA2000 downlink signal 500 x 103And carrying out HZ low-pass filtering and then extracting N to 5 times of the power spectrogram and the threshold.
Fig. 7 shows a sampled CDMA2000 downlink signal 500 x 103And carrying out HZ low-pass filtering and N-time extraction to obtain an envelope spectrogram and a threshold.
Detailed Description
The spread spectrum detection method of the direct spread spectrum signal provided by the invention is applicable to both the spread spectrum detection of the long code direct spread spectrum signal and the spread spectrum detection of the short code direct spread spectrum signal, and two embodiments are provided below for respective description.
Example one
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4.
In the following, the CDMA2000 uplink signal is taken as an example for description, and the step of detecting the CDMA2000 uplink signal by using the direct spread spectrum detection method provided by the present invention includes:
step 4, according to the extraction multiple N being 5, and fs=2.5*106Then the pass band is designed to beThe low-pass filter of (2), whose coefficient is h (n), convolves the sample data { x (n) ═ 1,2, … … } with the filter coefficient, and outputs { y (n) ═ 1,2, … … };
and step 5, performing N (N is 5) times of extraction on the data { y (N), N is 1,2 and … … }, and reducing the sampling rate by N times to obtain an output sequenceNamely, it is
Step 6, extracting the dataFFT transform is carried out by adopting a sectional average mode to calculate a power spectrum to obtainThe default value of the FFT transformation length M is 32768, the default value of the segment number L is 100, and then the average value of the power spectrum is calculated to obtain 29.6604dB, so that the threshold is obtained1=39.6604dB;
Step 7, traversing the power spectrumAll points in the table, not above the threshold1So step 8 is performed; otherwise, the extracted data still has a power spectrum, and after N is made to be N x 2, the step 4 is executed;
step (ii) of8. For extracted dataAdopting a segmented average mode to carry out FFT (fast Fourier transform) to calculate an envelope spectrum to obtainThe FFT length M is 32768, the default value of the segment number L is 100, and then the average value of the envelope spectrum is calculated to obtain 21.3917dB, so that the threshold is obtained2=31.2917dB;
Step 9, traversing the envelope spectrumAll points in the table, above the threshold2And 3 effective peak points in total, i.e. c is 3>1, and thus, the sample data { x (n) ═ 1,2, … … } is judged to be a direct spread spectrum signal.
The comparison of the test results of the above examples with the prior art shows that: in the prior art, the CDMA2000 uplink signal is a typical long code direct sequence spread spectrum signal, wherein the long code period is 41 days, 10 hours, 12 minutes, and 19.4 seconds. If the detection is performed by adopting the modes of cepstrum, quadratic spectrum and the like, data of more than 82 days (namely data of two scrambling code periods) needs to be continuously acquired for calculation, and the calculation is hardly feasible; the detection method of the invention can successfully detect the spread spectrum modulation signal, and only 8 seconds of data are collected for detection, thereby greatly improving the detection efficiency.
Example two
Please refer to fig. 5 to 7.
The following description will be made by taking CDMA2000 downlink signals as an example for direct sequence spread spectrum detection: the biggest difference from the uplink signal spread spectrum is that the downlink signal is a short code direct spread spectrum signal, and the scrambling code period of the downlink signal is 26.67 ms; the scrambling code rates of the uplink and downlink signals are both 1.2288 x 106HZ, spectral bandwidth is 1.23 x 106HZ, so the same detection procedure as in the first embodiment is also performed for CDMA2000 downlink short code direct sequence spread spectrum signals:
step 4, similarly, performing convolution calculation on the sampled data { x (n) = 1,2, … … } and the filter coefficient h (n), and outputting { y (n) }, wherein n is 1,2, … … };
and step 5, performing N (N is 5) times of extraction on the data { y (N), N is 1,2 and … … }, and reducing the sampling rate by N times to obtain an output sequenceNamely, it is
Step 6, extracting the dataFFT transform is carried out by adopting a sectional average mode to calculate a power spectrum to obtainThe default value of the FFT transformation length M is 32768, the default value of the segment number L is 100, and then the power spectrum is calculated to be-21.2930 dB, so that the threshold is obtained1=-11.2930dB;
Step 7, traversing the power spectrumAll points in the table, not above the threshold1So step 8 is performed;
step (ii) of8. For extracted dataAdopting a segmented average mode to carry out FFT (fast Fourier transform) to calculate an envelope spectrum to obtainThe FFT length M is 32768, the default value of the segment number L is 100, and then the envelope spectrums are calculated to be 27.6701dB, so that the threshold is obtained2=-17.6701dB;
Step 9, traversing the envelope spectrumAll points in the table, above the threshold2And 9 significant peak points are determined, and the sample data { x (n) ═ 1,2, … … } is determined to be a direct spread spectrum signal. In addition, under the condition that the spreading order (64 orders) of the CDMA2000 downlink common physical channel is known, the effective peak point positions in the envelope spectrum can be further verified to respectively correspond to the baseband code rate before spreading of 19.2 x 103And multiples thereof.
The comparison of the test results of the above examples with the prior art shows that: the short code cycle period of a short code direct spread signal such as a CDMA2000 downlink signal can be unknown, i.e., any short code cycle period can be adapted without considering the relationship between the duration of the sampled data and the short code cycle period. Generally, the cycle periods of scrambling codes of different direct-spread signals are different, the existing calculation modes such as secondary spectrum are adopted, in order to detect as many short-code direct-spread signals as possible, the data processing needs to be as long as possible, and the sampling data corresponding to the time length more than twice as long as the maximum short-code cycle period needs to be met, so that the increase of the calculated amount and the reduction of the detection efficiency are brought.
Claims (7)
1. A spread spectrum detection method of a direct spread spectrum signal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sampling the direct spread signal data at a sampling rate fsObtaining zero intermediate frequency sampling data x (n), wherein n is 1,2, … …; then to the sequence of x (n)Performing FFT to obtain a power spectrum by adopting a sectional averaging mode, and obtaining a power spectrum p (n), wherein n is 1,2,3, … … and M;
2) calculating an x-dB bandwidth BW for the power spectrum p (n), n ═ 1,2,3, … …, M; the x-dB is selected to be 10 dB;
3) according to the sampling rate fsAnd bandwidth BW, calculating an extraction multiple N;
4) according to the extraction multiple N, firstly, the sampling data x (N) is given, and N is 1,2 and … …; performing convolution calculation through a low-pass filter with the coefficient h (n), and outputting convolution calculation result data y (n), wherein n is 1,2 and … …; the passband bandwidth of the low pass filter isThen extracting the convolution calculation result data by N times to obtain extracted data
6) For power spectrum… …, M calculates the mean value, thus obtaining the threshold1Traversing all points in the power spectrum, searching whether a point which passes a threshold exists, if the active power value is higher than the point of the threshold, making N be 2 x N, and executing the step 4); otherwise, executing step 7);
7) to pair… … envelope calculation of sequence… …, and performing FFT to obtain envelope spectrum by using a segmented average method……,M;
8) For envelope spectrum… …, M calculates the mean value, thus obtaining the threshold2Traversing all points in the envelope spectrum to find whether threshold is exceeded2And is the point of the effective peak, threshold for threshold crossing2And the count of the points which are effective wave crests is recorded as c, if the threshold is found to exist2And the point which is the effective peak adds 1 to the value of c;
9) judging the value of c, if the value is larger than 1, sampling data x (n), wherein n is 1,2 and … … are direct spread spectrum signals; otherwise, x (n), n ═ 1,2, … … is an indirect spread spectrum signal.
2. The direct sequence spread spectrum detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1), the step 5) and the step 7) are performed with FFT conversion for power spectrum or envelope spectrum by means of segmented averaging, i.e., L segments of data are extracted from the input data, each segment of data has a length of M, each segment of data is performed with FFT conversion with a length of M, then power values are respectively obtained, and finally the L segments of power values are accumulated at corresponding positions for averaging.
6. The direct spread spectrum detection method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the effective peak point has the following three conditions in step 8:
2) Definition ofThe value higher than the left and right is the peak point, namely the peak point is satisfied
3) The adjacent wave peak points need to exist below the threshold2Point (2) of (c).
7. The direct-spread signal spectrum detection method according to claim 1, wherein the direct-spread signal is a long-code direct-spread signal or a short-code direct-spread signal.
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