CN111354959B

CN111354959B - Portable anti-tipping combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111354959B
Application number: CN202010446390.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冬雷; 赵松涛; 周华林; 郝颖; 李良伟
Original assignee: Beijing Power Kingkong Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Power Kingkong Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-25
Filing date: 2020-05-25
Publication date: 2020-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-25
Also published as: CN111354959A

Abstract

The invention designs a portable anti-splashing combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis, which comprises a hydrogen production tank, a control unit, a fuel cell, a DC/DC converter, a storage battery, an output terminal, a pressure sensor, a first pressure release valve, a second pressure release valve, a gas pipe, a gas exhaust pipe, a keyboard display, an accelerometer, a gas inlet grille, a gas exhaust interface and a casing. Compared with the prior art, the device has compact structure and only needs one reaction tank; the hydrogen production rate is controlled only by current pulse without a catalyst, so that the hydrogen production rate can be controlled accurately, the hydrogen production can be controlled at any time, the hydrogen storage link is omitted, and the safety, reliability and controllability of the system are greatly improved. In order to solve the problem of dumping in the moving process, the related anti-dumping device is designed, so that the anti-dumping device is convenient to apply to a moving device or carry and use. Through combined heat and power supply, the requirement of the field on energy is met, and the application range is expanded.

Description

Portable anti-tipping combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a portable anti-tipping combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis, belongs to the technical field of portable power supply devices for directly converting chemical energy into electric energy and electric energy storage systems, and particularly relates to a hydrogen energy storage power generation device and a control method thereof.

Background

Hydrogen is an important chemical raw material and has wide application in the fields of petroleum, food, metallurgy and the like. Hydrogen energy is rich in resources and high in combustion heat value (142 kJg)^-1) And the product has no pollution and is considered as an ideal green energy source. Particularly for hydrogen powered vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell applications, the potential demand for hydrogen is enormous. Although hydrogen energy has a plurality of advantages, the hydrogen energy is not applied on a large scale, and the lack of an efficient, safe and quick-response online hydrogen supply (mobile hydrogen source) technology restricts hydrogen energy generationOne important reason for exhibition.

The storage, transportation and filling of hydrogen are very difficult and unsafe. In order to obtain safe and efficient hydrogen resources, the hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metal or alloy materials is a good choice, and can be carried out at any time without storage. And metal materials such as magnesium, aluminum, etc. can be prepared by an electrolytic method using clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy. Therefore, the clean energy can be stored in a metal form, and the energy density of the electric energy stored in the metal form is high, so that the electric energy is convenient to store and transport and is easy to convert into hydrogen for utilization.

At present, a plurality of devices and methods for preparing hydrogen by using metal aluminum or metal magnesium and alloys thereof exist. For example, chinese patents ZL200820015384.4 pressure-stabilizing aluminum hydrogen production tank, ZL200820220066.1 self-controlling pressure-stabilizing aluminum hydrogen production tank, ZL201120256107.4 controllable waste aluminum hydrogen production device, ZL201510012793.3 continuously controllable magnesium hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production device and method for producing hydrogen by using the device, and ZL201010293603.7 portable hydrogen production generator based on aluminum hydrolysis reaction and control method, these patents disclose several metal hydrolysis hydrogen production devices and methods. The common point of the technologies is that the structure is relatively complex, and various circulating devices and heating devices are needed; the volume is large, and a liquid storage tank, a gas storage tank, a reaction tank and the like are required; in addition, various catalysts are required to be added, so that the hydrogen production rate cannot be accurately controlled; in order to maintain the pressure in the reaction tank, the solutions referred to in these patents are generally connected directly to the atmosphere, which makes it possible to discharge volatile gases or liquids, which is not advantageous for mobile applications; since the system is open, and a large amount of hydrogen needs to be stored, the safety and reliability of the system are greatly affected.

In summary, the prior art has complex structure, large volume and weight, catalyst requirement, inaccurate and controllable hydrogen production rate, and the hydrolysis device is not allowed to be toppled in the moving process, so the prior art is not suitable for field moving and portable application. Especially, when the device is used in the field, the device usually has heating requirements, if the device is heated by electricity, a large amount of energy is wasted, and therefore, the device is very lack of an energy storage device which can be portable, prevent from being splashed and realize combined heat and power supply.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a portable anti-splashing combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis. The hydrogen production rate is controlled only by current pulse without a catalyst, so that the hydrogen production rate can be controlled accurately, the hydrogen production can be controlled at any time, the hydrogen storage link is omitted, and the safety, reliability and controllability of the system are greatly improved. Thus facilitating application on mobile devices or portable use. In order to solve the problem of dumping in the moving process, a related anti-dumping device is designed. Through combined heat and power supply, the requirement of the field on energy is met, and the application range is expanded.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

in order to achieve the purpose, the portable anti-tipping metal hydrolysis hydrogen production combined heat and power device comprises a hydrogen production tank, a control unit, a fuel cell, a DC/DC converter, a storage battery, an output terminal, a pressure sensor, a first pressure release valve, a second pressure release valve, a gas pipe, an exhaust pipe, a keyboard display, an accelerometer, an air inlet grille, an exhaust interface and a casing; the hydrogen production tank is used for storing reactants, controlling the hydrogen production rate, storing hydrogen and releasing heat through metal hydrolysis; the control unit is used for comprehensively controlling the whole system; the fuel cell generates electricity by using hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production tank, charges the storage battery by using the DC/DC converter and supplies power to the system and an external load; the output terminal and the storage battery are used for providing an electric energy interface outwards; the hydrogen production tank is used for conveying hydrogen to the fuel cell through a gas conveying pipe, the pressure sensor, the first pressure release valve and the pressure reducing valve are connected with the gas conveying pipe, and the pressure of the hydrogen conveyed to the fuel cell by the hydrogen production tank is controlled through the second pressure release valve; the exhaust pipe is connected with the first pressure release valve and the second pressure release valve and used for exhausting redundant gas; the keyboard display is connected with the control unit; the intake grille and the exhaust interface and all components are installed in the casing, wherein the exhaust interface outputs heated air required for heat supply.

The hydrogen production tank comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, metal powder, water, a first filter screen, a second filter screen, a funnel, a tank body, an air guide pipe, a top cover, an anti-spilling connector, a heat exchanger, an air outlet pipe, a first fan, a shell, a bottom cover, a first temperature sensor, a water-proof breathable component and a filling port; the anti-spilling connector is connected between the gas guide pipe and the heat exchanger and has a structure for preventing water from entering the heat exchanger due to the dumping of the portable anti-spilling combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis; the waterproof and breathable assembly is connected between the air outlet pipe and the air delivery pipe, so that condensed water in the heat exchanger can be prevented from entering the air delivery pipe; the filling port is positioned below the tank body and used for filling metal powder and water.

The fuel cell comprises a galvanic pile, a second fan, a second temperature sensor, an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel, a current sensor and a voltage sensor; the air inlet channel inputs hydrogen to the galvanic pile and exhausts waste gas through the exhaust channel; the second temperature sensor is arranged on the electric pile and used for detecting the temperature of the electric pile; the second fan is arranged on the side surface of the electric pile and used for cooling the electric pile; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are used for detecting voltage and current signals output by the galvanic pile and transmitting the voltage and current signals to the control unit.

The anti-spilling connector comprises a connector shell, a pipe throat, an air inlet, balls and a bottom support; the pipe throat is positioned at the upper part of the joint shell and internally provided with a downward bell mouth; the lower part of the joint shell is provided with a bottom support with a hole in the middle, and a ball is sealed between the pipe throat and the bottom support and can roll freely; an air inlet is formed in the joint shell between the pipe throat and the bottom support; when the anti-spilling connector is toppled, the ball can roll to the pipe throat to seal the pipe throat, so that water is prevented from spilling through the anti-spilling connector; in a normal vertical state, hydrogen can flow through the anti-spilling connector through the air inlet.

The waterproof and breathable assembly comprises a left connector, a right connector and a waterproof and breathable film; the waterproof breathable film is arranged between the left joint and the right joint and is fixed through a flange plate; the waterproof breathable film is permeable to hydrogen gas, but can prevent condensed water from flowing through.

The funnel arranged in the tank body divides the tank body into two cavities, namely a lower cavity and an upper cavity; the volume of the lower cavity is smaller than that of the upper cavity; the lower end of the air duct arranged in the tank body is close to the funnel, and the distance from the funnel is less than one fourth of the height of the tank body.

The heat exchanger is arranged between the upper part of the tank body and the first fan, so that condensed water in the heat exchanger flows back to the bottom of the tank body along the air duct and the funnel through the anti-spilling connector.

The first pressure relief valve is connected with the exhaust pipe; the control unit controls the first pressure relief valve to be opened and closed by detecting a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, and finally controls the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen production tank to be stable by controlling the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode and the second electrode.

The control unit controls the opening and closing of the second pressure release valve and controls the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode and the second electrode by detecting the current sensor and the voltage sensor, so that the output power of the fuel cell is controlled to be stable.

The control unit controls the output current of the DC/DC converter, thereby controlling the storage battery and the stabilization of the output voltage of the output terminal.

The air inlet grille is positioned above the hydrogen production tank and is opposite to the first fan; the first temperature sensor is arranged on the tank body; the control unit controls the rotating speed of the first fan to cool the tank body by detecting the temperature of the first temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the tank body is less than 100 ℃, and the temperature of the tank body is kept stable.

The control unit detects the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and controls the rotating speed and the air volume of the first fan and the second fan according to the detected temperature of the tank body and the temperature of the galvanic pile, so that the temperature is controlled to be stable.

The current waveforms applied to the first electrode and the second electrode have four forms, namely continuous direct current, unidirectional current pulse, bidirectional current pulse and continuous alternating current.

One end of the gas pipe is connected with a gas outlet pipe through a pressure sensor, the other end of the gas pipe is respectively connected with a first pressure release valve and a pressure release valve through a tee joint, the gas inlet pipe is connected after passing through the pressure release valve, and the other end of the first pressure release valve is connected with a gas exhaust pipe; an exhaust passage of the galvanic pile is connected with an exhaust pipe through a second pressure relief valve; the first pressure relief valve and the second pressure relief valve are controlled to be opened and closed by the control unit.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple and compact, only one reaction tank is needed, and no additional liquid storage tank, air storage tank and the like are needed, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the system are reduced, and the system is more suitable for mobile and portable use environments of electric automobiles and the like.

The invention has the advantages that the combined heat and power supply can be realized, the energy of the system is fully utilized, the field mobile operation is suitable, and the energy guarantee is provided for the application in high altitude and high cold areas.

The invention has the advantages that the hydrogen production rate is controlled only by current pulse, and the hydrogen production rate can be controlled more accurately, so that the hydrogen production can be carried out at any time, the hydrogen storage link is omitted, and the safety, reliability and controllability of the system are greatly improved.

The invention has the advantages that the system pressure is lower, a high-pressure container is not needed, and therefore, the cost is low, and the safety and the reliability are realized.

One effect of the invention is that the system can be ensured to be in a safe state even in a dumping state by adopting a multi-stage anti-dumping measure through a mechanical and electronic control method, and overflow is not generated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable anti-spill metal hydrolysis cogeneration apparatus system for hydrogen production in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a portable anti-spill combined heat and power plant for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portable anti-spill combined heat and power apparatus for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an external view of a hydrogen generating tank according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a hydrogen production tank according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the hydrogen generating tank cavity of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the inclined liquid level of the hydrogen generation tank in the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a view of the construction of the anti-spillage attachment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the anti-toppling joint according to the present invention in a normal state;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a toppling-over prevention connecting head according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a water and air permeable assembly of the present invention.

In the drawings, each reference numeral represents a component:

1. a hydrogen production tank, 2, a control unit, 3, a fuel cell, 4, a DC/DC converter, 5, a storage battery, 6, an output terminal, 7, a pressure sensor, 8, a first pressure relief valve, 9, a pressure relief valve, 10, a second pressure relief valve, 11, a gas pipe, 12, a gas exhaust pipe, 13, a keyboard display, 14, an accelerometer, 15, a gas inlet grille, 16, a gas exhaust interface, 17, a casing, 101, a first electrode, 102, a second electrode, 103, metal powder, 104, water, 105, a first filter screen, 106, a second filter screen, 107, a funnel, 108, a tank body, 109, a gas guide pipe, 110, a top cover, 111, an anti-spilling device, a connector 112, a heat exchanger, 113, a gas outlet pipe, 114, a first fan, 115, a shell, 116, a bottom cover, 117, a first temperature sensor, 118, a water-resisting and gas-permeable component, 119, a filling port, 120, a lower cavity, 121, an upper cavity, 301, The fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell stack body 302, a second fan 303, a second temperature sensor 304, an air inlet channel 305, an air exhaust channel 306, a current sensor 307, a voltage sensor 1111, a connector shell 1112, a pipe throat 1113, an air inlet, 1114, a ball, 1115, a bottom support 1181, a left connector 1182, a right connector 1183 and a waterproof breathable film.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The method for preparing hydrogen by hydrolyzing metal and hydride thereof or chemical hydride has high purity and simple equipment, and is a high-efficiency and convenient hydrogen supply method. Magnesium and aluminum are two light alloy elements which are abundant on earth.

Magnesium or aluminum reacts with water to form hydrogen and give off heat:

Mg+2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂+H₂ (1)

2Al+6H₂O → 2Al(OH)₃+3H₂ (2)

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of spill-proof metal, wherein the metal forms hydroxide during the hydrolysis reaction, and the hydroxide forms a passivation film on the surface of the metal. The dense passivation film isolates the water 104 from the metal powder 103, so that the reaction cannot be continued. To be able to continuously generate H₂The gas is usually added with a catalyst such as an acid or a base to prevent formation of a passivation film.

In order to solve the problem of the passivation film, and meanwhile, other catalysts are not required to be added, so that the system is cleaner and more environment-friendly, the portable anti-splashing combined heat and power device for producing hydrogen by metal hydrolysis is adopted, as shown in fig. 1, metal powder 103 particles are placed between a first electrode 101 and a second electrode 102 for discharging, and the passivation film is broken when current passes through the metal powder 103 particles, so that the passivation film cannot completely wrap the metal powder 103 particles, and the metal hydrolysis reaction can be continuously carried out. By controlling the current, the area of the metal powder 103 particles exposed to water can be controlled, and thus the rate of the metal hydrolysis reaction can be precisely controlled. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of spill-proof metal in the present invention.

In order to realize the metal hydrolysis hydrogen production control principle, a hydrogen pressure reference value is set by the control unit 2 according to the rate of hydrogen production required, data of the pressure sensor 7 are detected, the detected feedback data is compared with the set reference value, and parameters such as the magnitude, frequency and duration of the output discharge current between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 are controlled, so that the hydrogen production rate is controlled to meet the requirement.

In this embodiment, the current flowing between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is direct current, and the magnitude and the energization time of the direct current can be controlled to control the hydrogen production rate.

In one embodiment, the application of unidirectional current pulses between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is preferably controlled by the control unit 2, and the hydrogen production rate is controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, duration of the current pulses.

In one embodiment, the application of bidirectional current pulses between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is preferably controlled by the control unit 2, and the hydrogen production rate is controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, duration of the current pulses.

In one embodiment, the application of the alternating current between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 is preferably controlled by the control unit 2, and the hydrogen production rate is controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, duration of the alternating current.

In one embodiment, the control unit 2 preferably controls to apply 500mA current pulse between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, so as to break the passivation film formed on the surface of the metal powder 103 particles, accelerate the hydrolysis reaction, and increase the hydrogen production rate. Once the control unit 2 stops outputting the current between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, a new passivation film is formed on the surface of the metal powder 103 particles again to slow down the hydrolysis reaction and decrease the hydrogen production rate.

In one embodiment, the reactor can be warmed, preferably by the control unit 2 controlling the application of different currents between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, to ensure that the hydrogen production rate can be effectively increased under low-temperature and severe cold conditions.

In one embodiment, the power circuit in the control unit 2 for generating the current between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, that is, the main circuit may be a buck chopper circuit, a boost chopper circuit, a buck-boost chopper circuit, a dc-dc converter circuit with isolation, or an inverter circuit to implement current control.

Fig. 4 is an external view of a hydrogen production tank according to the present invention, fig. 5 is a structural view of the hydrogen production tank according to the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 4 and 5 that the hydrogen production tank 1 includes a first electrode 101, a second electrode 102, a first filter screen 105, a second filter screen 106, a funnel 107, a tank body 108, an air duct 109, a top cover 110, an anti-spilling connector, a heat exchanger 112, an air outlet duct 113, a fan 114, a housing 115, a bottom cover 116, a first temperature sensor 117, a water-stop air-permeable assembly 118, and a filling port 119.

In this embodiment, the first electrode 101 has a cylindrical shape, the second electrode 102 has a barrel shape, and the first electrode 101 is mounted in the middle of the second electrode 102. The shape of the electrodes may also vary depending on the application. The reactant metal powder 103 and water 104 are disposed between the first electrode 101 having a cylindrical shape and the second electrode 102, so that the reaction rate is controlled by controlling the discharge current of the first electrode 101 having a cylindrical shape and the second electrode 102.

In which a fan 114 is installed at the top of the housing 115 to suck external air from the intake grill 15 and then blow it down into the apparatus, and the heat exchanger 112 is first cooled so that the hydrogen gas output through the outlet pipe 113 reaches or approaches room temperature. One end of the coil of the heat exchanger 112 is connected with the air duct 109 through a spill-proof connector 111. The air duct 109 is mounted on the apex of the conical top cover 110. A cone-shaped top cover 110 is installed on the upper end of the can 108 so that the cooling air blown downward by the fan 114 can smoothly flow into the cavity between the can 108 and the housing 115, and the entire can 108 is cooled by the heat dissipating ribs on the outer wall of the can 108. A heat dissipating hole 1151 is formed at the lower end of the housing 115 to discharge gas.

The external cold air sucked from the air inlet grille 15 is subjected to heat exchange twice through the heat exchanger 112 and the heat dissipation ribs on the outer wall of the tank body 108, the temperature is raised, then the air is led out through the exhaust interface 16 on the shell 17, and then the air is supplied to the load needing heat supply, so that the purpose of combined heat and power supply is achieved, the heat supply requirement of the field alpine region is met, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.

The fan 114 is also used to cool the tank 108 to maintain the tank 108 at the proper reaction temperature. Through experimental tests, the reaction temperature of the tank 108 can be preferably controlled at 90 ℃, and when the reaction temperature of the tank 108 exceeds 90 ℃, the fan 114 is started to ventilate and cool the tank 108 and keep the temperature at 90 ℃.

A funnel 107 is arranged at the lower end of the air duct 109 in the tank 108, and a second filter screen 106 is arranged at the lower opening of the funnel 107. A first sieve 105 is installed at the lower end of the second sieve 106, and the first sieve 105 is installed inside the tank 108. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the mesh number of the second filter 106 is larger than that of the first filter 105, and the mesh number of the first filter 105 is larger than that of the metal powder 103, so as to prevent the metal powder 103 from being output to the hydrogen gas application system along the gas guide tube 109. In addition, in this embodiment, the hopper 107 also has the function of collecting the reaction solution and preventing the metal powder 103 from being output to the hydrogen gas application system along the gas guide tube 109.

The metal powder 103 and the water 104 are arranged between the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 in the tank 108. Wherein the first electrode 101 is mounted at the middle of the bottom cover 116 and the second electrode 102 is mounted at the lower end of the inside of the can 108. The first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 are connected to the output end of the control unit 2 through wires, as shown in fig. 1.

The polarities of the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 can be reversed, because the passivation film 1031 on the metal powder 103 particles can be broken as long as the current flows on the metal powder 103 particles, thereby accelerating the hydrogen production hydrolysis reaction.

In this embodiment, the top cover 110 and the bottom cover 116 are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the tank 108 to form a cylinder structure with a sharp upper end and a flat lower end, which facilitates smooth flow of cooling air. The heat dissipation ribs are arranged on the tank 108, so that the heat dissipation area of the tank 108 can be increased, and meanwhile, an airflow channel can be formed between the shells 115, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is improved. In one embodiment, the tank structure can be designed into a square shape or other irregular shapes to adapt to different applications and product shapes, and the hydrogen production effect is not influenced.

In fig. 4, the upper end of the housing 115 has a flange for engaging the fan 114 for mounting the fan 114. The cooling air blown by the fan 114 flows downward through the inner wall of the casing 115 and flows out through a heat radiating hole opened at the lower end of the casing 115.

According to the invention, only the metal powder 103 and the water 104 are needed to be added, and the metal hydrolysis rate is controlled through the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, so that the hydrogen production rate is controlled, and therefore, a hydrogen application system can be used at any time. The hydrogen production rate is controlled according to the amount of the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen does not need to be stored, only a small amount of hydrogen exists in the hydrogen production tank 1 and a pipeline, and the pressure of the hydrogen can be adjusted as required, so that the hydrogen does not need to be stored in a pressurized manner. In summary, the system is safe because hydrogen is not stored in the system, and the pressure of hydrogen inside the system is low, preferably less than 10 kg. Once a hazard occurs, the hydrogen contained in the system is quickly lost without creating a fire or explosion hazard.

In one embodiment, the metal powder 103 can be made of Al or other metals, metal alloys, metal hydrides, etc. instead of Mg to complete the controlled metal hydrolysis reaction process without catalyst.

In order to facilitate the use in a mobile environment in the field or in a portable manner, various protective measures are adopted in the embodiment to prevent the reactants from spilling. Fig. 6 is a diagram of the cavity of the hydrogen production tank according to the present invention, wherein the funnel 107 installed inside the tank 108 divides the tank 108 into two cavities, i.e., a lower cavity 120 and an upper cavity 121; the volume of the lower cavity 120 is less than or equal to the volume of the upper cavity 121. The lower end of the air duct 109 installed inside the tank 108 is close to the funnel 107, and the distance from the funnel 107 is less than one fourth of the height of the tank 108. Fig. 7 is an oblique liquid level diagram of the hydrogen production tank in the invention, when the system is dumped during use, a small amount of water 104 flows into the upper cavity 121 through the funnel 107, but the water 104 cannot enter the air duct 109 because the opening of the funnel 107 is small and the air duct 109 is long.

In this embodiment, even if a small amount of water 104 enters the air duct 109 due to a strong sloshing, it is prevented from entering the fuel cell 3 by the anti-sloshing connector 111. Fig. 8 is a structure diagram of the anti-tipping connector of the present invention, the anti-tipping connector 111 includes a connector housing 1111, a throat 1112, an air inlet 1113, balls 1114, and a bottom support 1115. The throat 1112 is located at the upper portion of the adapter housing 1111 and has a downward flare therein. The lower part of the joint shell 1111 has a bottom support 1115 with a hole in the middle, and the ball 1114 is sealed between the throat 1112 and the bottom support 1115 to roll freely. An air inlet 1113 is formed in the joint housing 1111 between the throat 1112 and the shoe 1115.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the anti-tipping connector according to the present invention in a normal state, i.e., a normal upright state, with the ball 1114 at the bottom of the anti-tipping connector 111, and hydrogen gas can flow through the anti-tipping connector 111 through the gas inlet 1113.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the anti-slop connector tilting state in the invention, when the anti-slop connector 111 tilts, the ball 1114 can roll to the throat 1112, the throat 1112 is sealed, and the water 104 is prevented from overflowing to the fuel cell 3 through the anti-slop connector 111.

Even a slight amount of water 104 entering the heat exchanger 112 through the anti-slopping connector 111 is blocked by the water and air-permeable member 118. Fig. 11 shows the water and air permeable assembly of the present invention, and the water and air permeable assembly 118 includes a left connector 1181, a right connector 1182, and a waterproof and air permeable membrane 1183. The waterproof ventilated membrane 1183 is installed between the left connector 1181 and the right connector 1182 and fixed by a flange. The waterproof breathable membrane 1183 is permeable to hydrogen gas, but is capable of preventing condensed water from flowing through. This ensures that the hydrogen gas finally entering the fuel cell 3 is pure.

In this embodiment, once the device is toppled, the control unit 2 can detect the vertical angle of the device through the accelerometer 14 mounted on the housing 17, calculate the angular position of the current state through the values of the three-axis gravity acceleration of the accelerometer 14, start the control system alarm when the vertical angle is greater than 60 °, cut off the current on the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, open the first pressure relief valve 8, and stop hydrogen production and reduce the system pressure.

In this embodiment, once the device is tipped, as shown in fig. 7, most of the water 104 flows into the upper cavity 121 through the funnel 107. Since the first and

second sieves

105 and 106 have smaller pore sizes than the metal powder 103, the metal powder 103 is blocked in the lower cavity 120 by the first and

second sieves

105 and 106 and the funnel 107, and thus the reaction rate naturally decreases. In an extreme case, the water 104 is completely separated from the metal powder 103 when the device is in an inverted state, so that the device is safer.

In this embodiment, the control unit 2 is a centralized integrated control unit with a digital control chip such as a single chip, a DSP, an FPGA, etc. as a control core, and has multiple functions of detection, conversion, control, etc. Sensors in the system: the pressure sensor 7, the accelerometer 14, the first temperature sensor 117, the second temperature sensor 303, the current sensor 306 and the voltage sensor 307 all pass through a signal conditioning circuit, and the AD conversion module inputs the acquired signals into a CPU on the control unit 2 for control. The CPU in the control unit 2 drives the actuators such as the DC/DC converter 4, the first relief valve 8, the second relief valve 10, the first electrode 101, the second electrode 102, the first fan 114, and the second fan 302 with the control amounts by different driving units.

The keyboard display 13 is mounted on the side of the housing 17 and is connected to the control unit 2. The keyboard display 13 can set the control parameters and working state in the control unit 2, and also can display the information of the control unit 2, and can send out various alarm signals.

In fig. 1, an inlet 304 of the fuel cell 3 is connected to a pressure reducing valve 9, and hydrogen gas is introduced into the stack 301 and discharged to an exhaust pipe 12 through an exhaust port 305 and a second pressure relief valve 10 connected thereto. A second fan 302 is installed at a side of the stack 301 to cool the stack 301.

Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of anti-splashing metal, wherein the hydrogen production tank 1 is positioned right below the air inlet grid 15, the fuel cell 3 is positioned at the bottom of the casing 17, and the second fan 302 is opposite to the exhaust interface 16. The control unit 2, the DC/DC converter 4, the battery 5, and the output terminal 6 are mounted on the side walls inside the housing 17. When the hydrogen production tank 1 starts to work to generate hydrogen, the hydrogen enters the gas transmission pipe 11 after being filtered by the water-proof and gas-permeable component 118. A pressure sensor connected to the gas line 11 transmits a pressure signal in the gas line 11 to the control unit 2. Once the pressure exceeds the safety value, the control unit 2 controls the first pressure relief valve 8 to open, and the hydrogen is relieved through the exhaust pipe 12. The hydrogen gas is decompressed by the decompression valve 9 and then fed to the stack 301 of the fuel cell 3 to generate electricity. The generated electric power is charged into the battery 5 through the DC/DC converter 4 and is externally output through the output terminal 6. When the stack 301 needs to be subjected to exhaust control, the control unit 2 controls the second pressure relief valve 10 to open to discharge gas through the exhaust pipe 12. The second temperature sensor 303 is installed on the electric pile 301, and when the temperature of the electric pile 301 is too high, the control unit 2 controls the second fan 302 to cool the electric pile 301 according to the temperature signal of the second temperature sensor 303.

In this embodiment, during normal use, the filling port 119 is first opened, and the water 104 and the metal powder 103 are poured into the tank 108 in sequence, so that the overall liquid level is lower than the first filter screen 105.

Then, the control unit 2 detects the hydrogen pressure by the pressure sensor 7 to calculate the reaction control parameter. In the embodiment, a PID control algorithm can be adopted to effectively control the reaction control amount.

If the pressure or flow exceeds a set value, the magnitude or frequency of the current emitted by the control unit 2 through the first electrode 101, the second electrode 102 is reduced. This reduces the rate of breakage of the passivation film in the reactant and reduces the contact area of the reactant, thereby reducing the rate of hydrogen production. Conversely, the magnitude or frequency of the emitted current is increased.

The control unit 2 detects the reaction temperature of the tank 108 through the temperature sensor 117, and if the temperature exceeds a set value, the control unit 2 controls the fan 114 to increase the rotating speed and accelerate cooling; otherwise, the rotation speed of the fan 114 is reduced until cooling is stopped in a low-temperature environment. In this embodiment, the reaction temperature of the pot 108 is controlled to be not higher than 100 ℃.

When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 7 is continuously lower than the set value, stopping the current from being sent by the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102, controlling the rotating speed of the fan 114 to reach the maximum to cool the system, and replacing the reactants according to the previous method until the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 7 reaches the safe value: water 104 and metal powder 103.

The control method of this embodiment is to control the stability of pressure, power, voltage and temperature of the system, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) the control unit 2 controls the first pressure relief valve 8 to open and close by detecting a pressure signal of the pressure sensor 7, and finally controls the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen production tank 1 to be stable by controlling the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102.

(2) The control unit 2 controls the opening and closing of the second relief valve 10 and controls the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode 101 and the second electrode 102 by detecting the current sensor 306 and the voltage sensor 307, thereby controlling the output power of the fuel cell 3 to be stable.

(3) The control unit 2 controls the output current of the DC/DC converter 4, thereby controlling the stabilization of the output voltage of the battery 5 and the output terminal 6.

(4) The control unit 2 controls the rotation speed of the first fan 114 to cool the tank 108 by detecting the temperature of the first temperature sensor 117, so that the temperature of the tank 108 is less than 100 ℃, and preferably, the temperature of the tank 108 can be kept stable at 90 ℃.

(5) The control unit 2 detects the first temperature sensor 117 and the second temperature sensor 303, and controls the rotation speed and the air volume of the first fan 114 and the second fan 302 according to the detected temperature of the tank 108 and the temperature of the cell stack 301, thereby controlling the temperature of the system to be stable.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and the invention is therefore not to be limited to the embodiments illustrated herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The portable anti-tipping combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis is characterized by comprising a hydrogen production tank (1), a control unit (2), a fuel cell (3), a DC/DC converter (4), a storage battery (5), an output terminal (6), a pressure sensor (7), a first pressure release valve (8), a pressure release valve (9), a second pressure release valve (10), a gas pipe (11), an exhaust pipe (12), a keyboard display (13), an accelerometer (14), an air inlet grille (15), an exhaust interface (16) and a casing (17); the hydrogen production tank (1) is used for storing reactants, controlling the hydrogen production rate, storing hydrogen and releasing heat through metal hydrolysis; the control unit (2) is used for comprehensively controlling the whole system; the fuel cell (3) generates electricity by using hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production tank (1), charges the storage battery (5) through the DC/DC converter (4) and supplies power to a system and an external load; the output terminal (6) and the storage battery (5) are used for providing an electric energy interface outwards; the hydrogen production tank (1) is used for conveying hydrogen to the fuel cell (3) through a gas conveying pipe (11), the pressure sensor (7), the first pressure release valve (8) and the pressure reducing valve (9) are connected with the gas conveying pipe (11), and the pressure of the hydrogen conveyed to the fuel cell (3) by the hydrogen production tank (1) is controlled through the second pressure release valve (10); the exhaust pipe (12) is connected with the first pressure relief valve (8) and the second pressure relief valve (10) and is used for exhausting redundant gas; the keyboard display (13) is connected with the control unit (2); the air inlet grille (15), the exhaust interface (16) and all components are arranged in the shell (17), wherein the exhaust interface (16) outputs heating air required by heat supply; hydrogen tank (1) is including water (104), air duct (109), prevent spilling connector (111), heat exchanger (112), outlet duct (113), the ventilative subassembly of water-proof (118), prevent spilling between connector (111) connection air duct (109) and heat exchanger (112), have and prevent water (104) because of portable prevent spilling the structure that the cogeneration of electricity device of metal hydrolysis hydrogen manufacturing emptys and get into heat exchanger (112), air duct (113) and gas-supply pipe (11) are connected to the ventilative subassembly of water-proof (118) between, can prevent that the comdenstion water in heat exchanger (112) from getting into gas-supply pipe (11).

2. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis with anti-splashing function of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen production tank (1) further comprises a first electrode (101), a second electrode (102), metal powder (103), a first filter screen (105), a second filter screen (106), a funnel (107), a tank body (108), a top cover (110), a first fan (114), a housing (115), a bottom cover (116), a first temperature sensor (117) and a filling port (119); the filling port (119) is positioned below the tank body (108) and is used for filling metal powder (103) and water (104).

3. The portable anti-spill metal hydrolysis hydrogen production cogeneration device according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell (3) comprises a galvanic pile (301), a second fan (302), a second temperature sensor (303), an air inlet (304), an air outlet (305), a current sensor (306), and a voltage sensor (307); the inlet channel (304) inputs hydrogen to the galvanic pile (301) and exhausts the exhaust gas through the exhaust channel (305); the second temperature sensor (303) is arranged on the electric pile (301) and used for detecting the temperature of the electric pile; the second fan (302) is arranged on the side surface of the electric pile (301) and used for cooling the electric pile (301); the current sensor (306) and the voltage sensor (307) are used for detecting a voltage current signal output by the galvanic pile (301) and transmitting the voltage current signal to the control unit (2).

4. The portable anti-spill metal hydrolysis hydrogen production cogeneration device of claim 2, wherein said anti-spill connector (111) comprises a connector housing (1111), a throat (1112), an air inlet (1113), balls (1114), a shoe (1115); the pipe throat (1112) is positioned at the upper part of the joint shell (1111) and is internally provided with a downward bell mouth; the lower part of the joint shell (1111) is provided with a bottom support (1115) with a hole in the middle, and the ball (1114) is sealed between the throat (1112) and the bottom support (1115) and can freely roll; an air inlet (1113) is formed in the joint shell (1111) between the throat (1112) and the bottom support (1115); when the anti-spilling connector (111) is toppled, the ball (1114) can roll to the pipe throat (1112) to seal the pipe throat (1112) and prevent the water (104) from overflowing through the anti-spilling connector (111); in a normal vertical state, hydrogen can flow through the anti-spilling connector (111) through the air inlet (1113).

5. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing of claim 2, wherein the water-proof and air-permeable assembly (118) comprises a left connector (1181), a right connector (1182), and a waterproof and air-permeable membrane (1183); the waterproof breathable film (1183) is arranged between the left connector (1181) and the right connector (1182) and is fixed through a flange plate; the waterproof breathable membrane (1183) is permeable to hydrogen gas, but is capable of preventing condensed water from flowing through.

6. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of spill-proof metal as claimed in claim 2, wherein the funnel (107) installed inside the tank body (108) divides the tank body (108) into two cavities, namely a lower cavity (120) and an upper cavity (121); the volume of the lower cavity (120) is smaller than that of the upper cavity (121); the lower end of the air duct (109) arranged in the tank body (108) is close to the funnel (107), and the distance from the funnel (107) is less than one fourth of the height of the tank body (108).

7. The portable anti-splashing combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger (112) is installed above the tank (108) and between the first fan (114), so that the condensed water in the heat exchanger (112) flows back to the bottom of the tank (108) along the air duct (109) and the funnel (107) through the anti-splashing connector (111).

8. The portable anti-spill combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the first pressure relief valve (8) is connected to an exhaust pipe (12); the control unit (2) controls the first pressure release valve (8) to open and close by detecting a pressure signal of the pressure sensor (7), and finally controls the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen production tank (1) to be stable by controlling the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode (101) and the second electrode (102).

9. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (2) controls the opening and closing of the second pressure relief valve (10) and controls the current magnitude or pulse frequency of the first electrode (101) and the second electrode (102) by detecting the current sensor (306) and the voltage sensor (307), so as to control the output power of the fuel cell (3) to be stable.

10. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (2) controls the output current of the DC/DC converter (4) so as to control the stabilization of the output voltage of the storage battery (5) and the output terminal (6).

11. The portable anti-spill combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by metal hydrolysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air intake grille (15) is located above the hydrogen production tank (1) and faces the first fan (114); the first temperature sensor (117) is arranged on the tank body (108); the control unit (2) controls the rotating speed of the first fan (114) to cool the tank body (108) by detecting the temperature of the first temperature sensor (117), so that the temperature of the tank body (108) is less than 100 ℃, and the temperature of the tank body (108) is kept stable.

12. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (2) detects the first temperature sensor (117) and the second temperature sensor (303), and controls the rotation speed and the air volume of the first fan (114) and the second fan (302) according to the detected temperature of the tank (108) and the temperature of the galvanic pile (301), thereby controlling the temperature to be stable.

13. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing of claim 1, wherein the waveforms of the current applied to the first electrode (101) and the second electrode (102) have four forms, which are continuous direct current, unidirectional current pulse, bidirectional current pulse, and continuous alternating current.

14. The portable combined heat and power device for hydrogen production by hydrolysis of metals with anti-splashing function as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the gas pipe (11) is connected with the gas outlet pipe (113) through the pressure sensor (7), the other end is respectively connected with the first pressure relief valve (8) and the pressure reducing valve (9) through a tee joint, the gas inlet pipe (304) is connected after passing through the pressure reducing valve (9), and the other end of the first pressure relief valve (8) is connected with the gas outlet pipe (12); an exhaust passage (305) of the galvanic pile (301) is connected with an exhaust pipe (12) through a second pressure relief valve (10); the first pressure relief valve (8) and the second pressure relief valve (10) are controlled to be opened and closed by the control unit (2).