CN111352101B - Space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for phased array airborne radar - Google Patents
Space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for phased array airborne radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111352101B CN111352101B CN201811630949.4A CN201811630949A CN111352101B CN 111352101 B CN111352101 B CN 111352101B CN 201811630949 A CN201811630949 A CN 201811630949A CN 111352101 B CN111352101 B CN 111352101B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/414—Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel forming method for a phased array airborne radar. The invention firstly utilizes the digital channel parameters of the phased array antenna to construct an airspace guide vector, then calculates and obtains a frequency domain guide vector through the parameters of the coherent pulse train, further obtains a space-time two-dimensional guide vector of the phased array whole array, then utilizes the space-time two-dimensional guide vector to form a specific-directional adjacent space-time two-dimensional wave beam, and finally utilizes the four space-time adjacent wave beams to construct a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel, thereby effectively inhibiting main clutter after tracking and compensation and realizing detection of a low-speed moving target. The technology of the invention can be used for a phased array airborne radar signal processing system, is simple to realize and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar in the field of signal processing, which is suitable for a signal processing system of the phased array airborne radar, and can also be used for an airborne early warning radar signal processing system, a sky wave beyond line-of-sight radar signal processing system, an airborne battlefield reconnaissance radar signal processing system, an airborne fire control radar signal processing system and the like.
Background
The phased array airborne radar is an important direction of current airborne radar development, and the main reason is that the phased array airborne radar not only can realize all-round digital scanning, but also can play the advantage of multibeam simultaneously, form digital multibeam simultaneously, realize the multi-functional of radar.
For a general phased array airborne radar, the adoption of ultra-low lobe antennas for clutter suppression in the lobe region is an effective method, but it must be recognized that the reduction of antenna lobe is at the cost of increased manufacturing cost, and the widening of the main lobe is at the expense of suppression of main lobe clutter. Therefore, in the practical application process, a space-time two-dimensional adaptive processing method is generally considered to inhibit side lobe clutter and main lobe clutter, and then a high-speed moving target and a slow-speed moving target are detected. However, the space-time adaptive two-dimensional processing generally has certain requirements on the number of channels, the uniformity of clutter and the number of learned samples, and if the conditions are met, the performance is better, otherwise, the performance is poor.
However, for clutter suppression in the main lobe region, a signal processing mode with lower cost is a feasible method under the condition that space-time adaptive processing does not meet the condition. The existing phased array airborne radar is mostly provided with a spatial sum channel and a difference channel, wherein the difference channel is formed by a physical means, an antenna is generally divided into two parts to form sub-beams respectively, then the sum channel is formed by summing the two sub-beams, and the difference channel is formed by subtracting the sub-beams. The differential channel thus formed has three distinct disadvantages: one is that the beam width of the difference channel is too wide. The formed airspace difference channel only utilizes half of the aperture of the array, so that the formed difference channel is wide in beam, and the main clutter area is overlarge, so that the detection of a slow target is not facilitated; secondly, the zero area of the difference channel is not dropped steep enough. The main clutter is usually at zero frequency after tracking compensation, so that the faster the filter notch of the zero region descends, the more beneficial to the detection of a slow moving target; thirdly, the difference channel is in airspace one-dimensional, which is unfavorable for main clutter suppression with space-time two-dimensional characteristics. Therefore, under the condition that the self-adaptive condition is not met, the efficient space-time two-dimensional difference channel is designed, so that the freedom degree of clutter can be greatly reduced, and the detection of a moving target is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art. The invention forms a space-time two-dimensional difference channel by a digital wave beam forming technology, thereby inhibiting the main clutter after tracking and compensation and further realizing the detection of a slow moving target. Firstly, constructing an airspace guide vector by utilizing digital channel parameters of a phased array antenna, then obtaining a frequency domain guide vector by parameter calculation of a coherent pulse string, further obtaining a space-time two-dimensional guide vector of the whole array of the phased array, then forming adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams with specific directions by utilizing the space-time two-dimensional guide vector, and then constructing a space-time two-dimensional difference channel by utilizing the beams. Because the airspace steering vector utilizes all array elements of airspace, the airspace directional diagram is narrower than the beam width formed by halving the antenna left and right, so that the beam width of the finally generated difference channel is narrower, and the filter characteristic near the zero point is steeper. The guiding vector of the frequency domain utilizes all coherent pulse strings, so that a narrower frequency domain filter is formed, four space-time two-dimensional narrow beams adjacent to the space domain and the frequency domain can be obtained, and a space-time two-dimensional difference channel which is rapidly lowered at the zero point and is very narrow can be obtained by utilizing the four space-time two-dimensional beams, so that main clutter after tracking and compensation can be effectively restrained, and further detection of a slow moving target is realized. The invention has the advantages of wide application in phased array radar, small operation amount, convenient realization and popularization, etc.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar, which comprises the following technical steps:
(1) Digital airspace guide vector formation by utilizing signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein a is s (θ) is M×1 dimensional airspace guiding vector, M is array element number, u=sinθ is [ -1,1]θ is the desired beam pointing direction.
(2) Forming digital frequency domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radars
Wherein a is t (f) Is a K multiplied by 1 frequency domain guide vector, K is the number of array elements, f is the expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range is [ -1,1]. Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2f d /f r
Wherein f r For pulse repetition frequency f d Doppler frequency of target =λ/2v, λ isWavelength v is the speed of movement of the target.
(3) Digital space-time two-dimensional steering vector formation using signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guiding vector a st (θ i ，f j ) Dimension of MK×1, θ i For the desired beam pointing, f i For the desired normalized frequency orientation,is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics.
(4) Forming weighted space-time two-dimensional beams using signal processors inherent to digital array radars
Wherein MK×1 dimensional space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighting vectorW s For M x 1 dimensional spatial domain amplitude weighting vector, W t Is a K x 1 dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector. Here, four adjacent beams are formed as follows
Where |·| represents the absolute value of the beam.
(5) Forming a digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel by using the obtained digital space-time two-dimensional wave beam
H(θ，f)＝|F 1 -F 2 |+|F 3 -F 4 |。
2. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the space-domain amplitude weighting and the frequency-domain amplitude weighting in the step (4) are one of rectangular weights, chebyshev weights, hamming weights, hanning weights and taylor weight vectors.
3. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) is generated by the following method
H(θ，f)＝|F 1 -F 2 |
Or alternatively
H(θ，f)＝|F 3 -F 4 |。
4. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) is obtained by removing the frequency f in the formula
Wherein F (θ) =W s H a s (θ)。
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) Because the formed airspace guiding vector uses the information of the whole array and the frequency domain guiding vector uses the information of all coherent pulse trains, the obtained airspace direction diagram and the frequency domain filter are narrowest, thereby ensuring that the coverage range of the main clutter direction is narrowest, and being more beneficial to the detection of the moving target at the edge of the main clutter.
(2) Four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams are narrowest through the space-time two-dimensional guide vectors, and a steep falling edge is ensured at the specific direction and frequency of the formed space-time two-dimensional difference channel, so that main clutter can be effectively restrained, and detection of a slow moving target close to a main clutter zone is ensured.
(3) The invention adopts the space-time two-dimensional difference channel to inhibit main clutter, and the difference channel is only related to the number of array elements and the number of pulses and is not formed in a self-adaptive way, so that the clutter filtering performance is more stable. If the phased array radar is a phased array radar of a motion platform, the adaptive processing of the difference channel and the cascade connection can be performed after the difference channel is filtered, so that the sample learning stability can be better improved, and the adaptive processing performance is improved. For a phased array radar with stationary ground, the main clutter can be better suppressed by matching with a clutter map.
(4) The method can be used for modifying the signal processing system of the existing phased array airborne radar, and the method only needs to calculate the digital channel of the digital radar to form a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel without additionally adding a processing channel and equipment. Therefore, the structure of the radar receiving system does not need to be changed, and the method has popularization and application values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention consists of forming a digital spatial domain steering vector 1, forming a digital frequency domain steering vector 2, forming a space-time two-dimensional steering vector 3, forming a digital space-time two-dimensional beam 4, and forming a digital difference channel 5. In the embodiment, the radar signal processor forms a digital airspace guiding vector 1 by using parameters of the whole array, then forms a digital frequency domain guiding vector 2 by using parameters of a coherent pulse train, then respectively sends the airspace guiding vector and the frequency domain guiding vector into a space-time two-dimensional guiding vector 3, then obtains four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams by forming a digital space-time two-dimensional beam 4 by using airspace and time domain parameters, sends the four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams into a digital difference forming channel 5, calculates to obtain a required space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel, and outputs the space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel.
Detailed Description
The principle of implementing the invention is as follows: firstly constructing an airspace guide vector by utilizing a radar antenna array structure and parameters, constructing a frequency domain guide vector by utilizing coherent pulse train parameters, then constructing a space-time two-dimensional guide vector by utilizing the two guide vectors, obtaining four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams by utilizing the space-time two-dimensional guide vector, and finally utilizing digital difference channels required by the four space-time two-dimensional beam forming, thereby realizing the suppression of main clutter and the detection of a slow moving target.
Assuming that the phased array radar has M array elements and K coherent pulses, in the embodiment, m=16 and k=32, the zero point of the digital difference channel to be formed is at an angle 0 and a normalized frequency 0. The following describes the detailed steps of the overall invention with reference to the drawings and examples:
(1) The digital airspace guiding vector forming unit 1 forms a digital airspace guiding vector by utilizing an array structure and the number of array elements
Wherein a is s (θ) is an Mx1-dimensional airspace guide vector, and u=sinθ is [ -1,1]θ is the desired beam pointing direction.
In the examples, a s (θ) is a 16 x 1 dimensional airspace vector, two airspace vectors of different orientations are needed, one orientation isThe other is +.>Obtaining two airspace guide vectors a s (θ 1 ) And a s (θ 2 )。
After calculation, the two airspace-oriented vectors need to be fed into the unit 3.
(2) Digital frequency domain steering vector forming unit 2 forms digital frequency domain steering vectors using coherent pulse trains
Wherein, at (f) is Kx1 dimension frequency domain guiding vector, K is array element number, f is expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range is [ -1,1]. Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2f d /f r
Wherein f r For pulse repetition frequency f d Let λ/2v be the doppler frequency of the target, λ be the wavelength, and v be the velocity of the target.
In the examples, a t (f) For a 32 x 1 dimensional frequency domain steering vector, two differently directed frequency domain steering vectors are also required, one directed asThe other is +.>Obtaining two frequency domain guide vectors a t (f 1 ) And a t (f 2 )。
After calculation, the two frequency domain steering vectors need to be fed into the unit 3.
(3) The space-time two-dimensional guiding vector forming unit 3 uses the two airspace guiding vectors and the two frequency domain guiding vectors obtained by the above to form a space-time two-dimensional guiding vector
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guiding vector a st (θ i ，f j ) Dimension of MK×1, θ i For the desired beam pointing, f i For the desired normalized frequency orientation,is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics.
In an embodiment, the space-time two-dimensional steering vector a st (θ, f) is 512×1, and four space-time two-dimensional guide vectors are formed, respectively
After calculation, the four space-time two-dimensional steering vectors need to be fed into the unit 4.
(4) Forming digital space-time two-dimensional beam unit 4 forms a weighted space-time two-dimensional beam with four space-time two-dimensional steering vectors sent by unit 3
Wherein MK×1 dimensional space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighting vectorW s For M x 1 dimensional spatial domain amplitude weighting vector, W t Is a K x 1 dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector. Here, four adjacent beams are formed as follows
Where |·| represents the absolute value of the beam.
In the embodiment, W s Full 1 vector, W, weighted for 16 x 1 dimension rectangle t All 1 vectors weighted for a 32 x 1 dimensional rectangle, so W st Is 512 multiplied by 1 dimension full 1 vector, and four adjacent space-time two-dimensional beams are respectively formed
After the calculation, the four space-time two-dimensional beams need to be fed into the unit 5.
(5) Digital differential channel forming unit 5 forms four space-time two-dimensional wave beams sent by unit 4 into digital space-time two-dimensional differential channels
H(θ，f)＝|F 1 -F 2 |+|F 3 -F 4 |。
In an embodiment, the resulting difference channel response function is
In addition, the spatial domain amplitude weighting and the frequency domain amplitude weighting in the step (4) may be one of rectangular weights, chebyshev weights, hamming weights, hanning weights, and taylor weight vectors. Rectangular weights are used for weighting in the embodiments.
The digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in step (5) is performed in a simplified manner, such as by using only the 1 st and 2 nd space-time two-dimensional beam generation, in the embodiment
Or may be generated using the 3 rd and 4 th digital space-time two-dimensional beams, in this embodiment
In step (5), only the digital difference channel of the airspace is formed, in the embodiment
H(0)＝||W s H a s (θ 1 )|-|W s H a s (θ 2 )||
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar comprises the following technical steps:
(1) Digital airspace guide vector formation by utilizing signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein a is s (θ) is M×1 dimensional airspace guiding vector, M is array element number, u=sinθ is [ -1,1]θ is the desired beam pointing;
(2) Forming digital frequency domain steering vectors using signal processors inherent to phased array radars
Wherein a is t (f) Is a K multiplied by 1 frequency domain guide vector, K is the number of array elements, f is the expected normalized frequency direction, and the value range is [ -1,1]Wherein the normalized formula is
f＝2f d /f r
Wherein f r For pulse repetition frequency f d =λ/2v is the doppler frequency of the target, λ is the wavelength, v is the velocity of motion of the target;
(3) Digital space-time two-dimensional steering vector formation using signal processor inherent to phased array radar
Wherein, the space-time two-dimensional guiding vector a st (θ i ，f j ) Dimension of MK×1, θ i For the desired beam pointing, f j Pointing for a desired normalized frequency，Is the Kronecher product operation in mathematics;
(4) Forming weighted space-time two-dimensional beams using signal processors inherent to digital array radars
Wherein MK×1 dimensional space-time two-dimensional amplitude weighting vectorW s For M x 1 dimensional spatial domain amplitude weighting vector, W t For a K1-dimensional frequency domain amplitude weighting vector, four adjacent beams are formed here as follows
Where |·| represents the absolute value of the beam;
(5) Forming a digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel by using the obtained digital space-time two-dimensional wave beam
H(θ，f)＝|F 1 -F 2 |+|F 3 -F 4 |。
2. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the space-domain amplitude weighting and the frequency-domain amplitude weighting in the step (4) are one of rectangular weights, chebyshev weights, hamming weights, hanning weights and taylor weight vectors.
3. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) is generated by the following method
H(θ，f)＝|F 1 -F 2 |
Or alternatively
H(θ，f)＝|F 3 -F 4 |。
4. The method for forming a space-time two-dimensional digital difference channel of a phased array airborne radar according to claim 1, wherein the digital space-time two-dimensional difference channel formed in the step (5) is obtained by removing the frequency f in the formula
Wherein F (θ) =W s H a s (θ)。
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Inventor after: Chen Hui Inventor after: Wang Yongliang Inventor after: Du Qinglei Inventor after: Liu Weijian Inventor before: Chen Hui Inventor before: Wang Yongliang Inventor before: Chen Yibing Inventor before: Du Qinglei Inventor before: Liu Weijian |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |