CN111351978A - Multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope - Google Patents
Multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope Download PDFInfo
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- CN111351978A CN111351978A CN202010327985.4A CN202010327985A CN111351978A CN 111351978 A CN111351978 A CN 111351978A CN 202010327985 A CN202010327985 A CN 202010327985A CN 111351978 A CN111351978 A CN 111351978A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage electroscopes, and relates to a multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope. The flat capacitive sensor is fixed on the inner surface of the electroscope shell and used for sensing a voltage signal of the equipment to be tested; the sound and light alarm unit is positioned at the bottom end of the electroscope shell, so that a worker can conveniently acquire the charged information of the equipment to be tested; the voltage grade selection button and the voltage grade indicating lamp are positioned on the outer surface of the top end of the electroscope shell; the signal processing unit is arranged in the shell of the electroscope; the telescopic insulating rod and the insulating handle are located at the bottom end of the outer portion of the electroscope shell. The invention can test the electricity of the lines with a plurality of voltage levels, thereby reducing the workload of maintainers and improving the working efficiency; the invention adopts a non-contact method to measure the line, increases the electricity testing distance, improves the safety of electricity testing, reduces the length requirement of the insulating rod and greatly reduces the burden of maintainers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage electroscopes, and relates to a multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope.
Background
The normal operation of the power grid equipment is the premise of continuous and stable power supply, so that periodic inspection and maintenance are carried out on the power grid lines and the equipment, and the electric power safety work regulations of national power grid companies indicate that: when the device works on electrical equipment, technical measures for ensuring safety such as power failure, electricity testing, grounding wire installation, hanging nameplates and the like should be taken; before the grounding wire is installed, electricity is checked, and the fact that no voltage exists in the circuit is verified. The electroscopy is an operation for detecting whether working voltage exists on electrical equipment, and a high-voltage electroscope is required to be used.
The high-voltage electroscope is a special safety tool for detecting whether a high-voltage line and power equipment are electrified or not, and the reliability of the high-voltage electroscope directly threatens the personal safety of workers. At present, the electric power industry commonly used is contact electric capacity type high voltage electroscope, and the maintainer is stretched electroscope insulator spindle to the longest before using, and the probe contact is waited the equipment position of examining, when equipment has the high voltage of corresponding voltage class, reminds operating personnel equipment electrified through audible and visual alarm's form. Because contact electroscope direct contact high voltage equipment, it is higher to the insulating properties requirement of insulator spindle, appear ageing or insulator spindle surface humidity when the insulator spindle, can increase the risk of electrocuteeing, have certain potential safety hazard. The non-contact electroscope avoids direct contact with the charged equipment, so that the detection distance is increased, the safety is improved, and the methods mainly comprise an ultraviolet detection method, a linear electro-optic effect method and an electric field detection method. The ultraviolet detection method is only suitable for the ultra-high voltage or ultra-high voltage transmission line; the linear electro-optical effect method has low temperature stability, and the sensor has high price and high cost.
Furthermore, the nominal voltage of the electroscope should be adapted to the voltage class of the electrical device to be tested. The voltage grade of electrical equipment in the transformer substation is more, and the current commonly used contact electric capacity type electroscope can only test the electricity to the equipment of a corresponding voltage grade, has brought very big inconvenience for daily use, maintenance, experiment, also is a waste in the manpower, economy. When the high-voltage-grade power transmission line is tested, operators need to carry a lengthened insulating rod; for power transmission lines with longer distances, operation difficulties are caused and the burden of operators is increased. The electroscope is various in types, different in length and shape, different in type, and the electroscope is often wrong, so that not only is a potential safety hazard exist, but also the power cut-off and power transmission time is seriously influenced.
Therefore, the electroscope in the prior art has the defects of high cost and low safety. If a plurality of voltage levels of electroscope measurable, and adopt the mode of non-contact electroscopy to test the electricity, not only can reduce maintainer's work load, still can increase and test the electric distance, improve work efficiency and security.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provides a multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope which can carry out live detection on lines with multiple voltage levels of 10kV, 66kV, 110kV and 220kV and judge whether an object is live or not by a non-contact method under an alternating-current high-voltage environment. The invention can reduce the workload of maintainers, and is safe, convenient and rapid.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope comprises a flat capacitive sensor 1, a signal processing unit 3, a voltage level selection button 4, a voltage level indicator lamp 5, an electroscope shell 6, a telescopic insulating rod 9, an insulating handle 10 and an acousto-optic alarm unit;
the electroscope shell 6 is of a cylindrical structure, a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the electroscope shell, and the flat capacitive sensor 1, the signal processing unit 3 and the acousto-optic alarm unit are located in the electroscope shell 6; the panel capacitive sensor 1 is fixed on the inner surface of the top of the electroscope shell 6, a plurality of voltage level selection buttons 4 and voltage level indicator lamps 5 are mounted on the outer surface of the top, the voltage level selection buttons 4 and the voltage level indicator lamps 5 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and each indicator lamp corresponds to one voltage level;
the flat capacitive sensor 1 comprises an upper polar plate 11, a lower polar plate 13 and a filling part 12, wherein the upper polar plate 11 and the lower polar plate 13 are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filling part 12 and are respectively connected with a signal processing unit 3 through a signal output lead 2, and the signal processing unit 3 conditions the induction voltage output by the flat capacitive sensor 1; the signal processing unit 3 is composed of a signal conditioning circuit and a single chip microcomputer, the signal conditioning circuit is mainly composed of a voltage grade adjusting circuit, a voltage following circuit, a second-order active filter circuit and a full-wave precise rectifying circuit, the circuits are sequentially connected, and signals of the flat-plate capacitive sensor 1 are conditioned and then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer; the sound and light alarm unit comprises an LED lamp 7 and a buzzer 8 and is fixed at the bottom in the electroscope shell 6, the LED lamp 7 and the buzzer 8 are both connected with a singlechip in the signal processing unit 3, and the alarm is controlled by the singlechip according to signals transmitted to the singlechip;
one end of the telescopic insulating rod 9 is installed in a through hole in the center of the bottom of the electroscope shell 6, the other end of the telescopic insulating rod is provided with an insulating handle 10, and the surface of the insulating handle 10 is provided with anti-skid convex strips for increasing the friction force; the telescopic insulating rod 9 is composed of a plurality of sections of insulating rod units, is connected by adopting a threaded buckle, is telescopic and self-locked and is made of epoxy resin glass reinforced plastic; when the power transmission lines with different voltages are tested, the corresponding insulating rod units are selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a non-contact method to test the circuit, and because the direct contact with the equipment to be tested is avoided, the detection distance is increased, the defects of the traditional contact type electroscope are overcome, the safety of testing the circuit is improved, the length requirement of the insulating rod is reduced, and the burden of the maintainer is greatly reduced.
(2) The invention can test the electricity of the circuits with a plurality of voltage grades, solves the defect that the current commonly used electroscope can only test the electricity of equipment with a corresponding voltage grade, lightens the workload of maintainers, improves the efficiency and is convenient for daily use, maintenance and test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electroscope configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plate capacitive sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a plate capacitive sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the voltage level adjustment circuit of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a signal processing flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a flat capacitive sensor 1, a signal output wire 2, a signal processing unit 3, a voltage level selection button 4, a voltage level indicator lamp 5, an electroscope shell 6, an LED lamp 7, a buzzer 8, a telescopic insulating rod 9, an insulating handle 10, an upper polar plate 11, a filling part 12 and a lower polar plate 13.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope, which comprises a flat capacitive sensor 1, a voltage level selection button 4, a voltage level indicator lamp 5, an LED lamp 7 and a buzzer 8 of an audible and visual alarm unit, a signal processing unit 3, an electroscope shell 6, a telescopic insulating rod 9 and an insulating handle 10. One end of the flat capacitive sensor 1 is fixed on the inner surface of the top end of the electroscope shell 6 and is connected with the signal processing unit 3 through the signal output lead 2. The audible and visual alarm unit is located electroscope shell 6 bottom, and 6 bottoms of electroscope shell are connected to scalable insulating rod 9 one end, and insulating handle 10 is installed to the other end.
Because the ground heights of the power transmission lines with different voltage grades are different, the telescopic insulating rod 9 consists of 3 sections of insulating rod units, is connected by adopting threaded buckles, is telescopic and self-locked and is made of epoxy resin glass reinforced plastic; when the 10kV power transmission line is tested, pulling out the first section of the insulating rod unit; when the 66kV and 110kV lines are subjected to electricity testing, a second section of insulating rod unit is pulled out; when testing 220kV circuit electricity, pull out third section insulator spindle unit, voltage level sign is marked to every section insulator spindle locking department, and the maintainer of being convenient for operates.
As shown in FIG. 2, the structure of a plate capacitance sensor is shown, the parallel plate capacitance is used as a sensor for measuring an electric field, and the electric field intensity of a measured point is obtained by induced voltage. An upper polar plate 11 and a lower polar plate 13 of the flat capacitive sensor 1 are made of copper foil, a filling part 12 is made of epoxy tree fiber, and the upper polar plate 11 and the lower polar plate 13 are respectively connected with a signal processing unit 3 through signal output wires 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the working principle diagram of the multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope is that an output signal of the electric field sensor sequentially passes through a voltage level adjusting circuit, a voltage follower circuit, a second-order active filter circuit and a full-wave precision rectifying circuit and then is output to a single chip microcomputer STM32, so that an audible and visual alarm unit is controlled, and if the equipment is electrified, an alarm is given. The voltage grade adjusting circuit is controlled through the voltage grade button 4 to adjust the voltage grade, and the four voltage grades respectively correspond to the four voltage grade indicating lamps 5. Singlechip STM32 passes through bluetooth module with audible-visual alarm information, through bluetooth wireless transmission with electroscope's information wireless transmission to corresponding cell-phone APP, makes the electroscope operate more conveniently.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a flat capacitive electric field sensor 1 is shown, which uses a flat capacitive electric field sensor as an inductive probe, which is composed of upper and lower conductive parallel plates, similar to a capacitor, and uses two copper foils with the same material and size as electrode plate materials, and based on the charge induction effect of a conductor in an alternating electric field, takes the voltage signals of the upper and lower electrode plates as induction signals, and establishes a relationship with the intensity of an applied electric field. Suppose that the upper and lower surface charge densities of the upper plate of the sensor are respectively sigma1And σ2. Applying Gauss theorem to obtain two cylindrical Gauss surfaces S of upper and lower polar plates1And S2The upper and lower bottom surfaces are parallel to the polar plate and have areas of Delta S1And Δ S2Applying the gaussian theorem to the gaussian surfaces, respectively, there are:
and sigma1＝-σ2Then, there are:
from the above equation, the internal electric field of the sensor is proportional to the external electric field, and the voltage u of the two electrode plates of the sensor is:
in the formula, epsilon1Is the dielectric constant of the insulating medium on the outer surfaces of the upper and lower polar plates2Is the dielectric constant of the insulating material between the upper and lower electrode plates, E is the electric field intensity, E1The electric field intensity at the outer surfaces of the upper and lower polar plates, E2D is the distance between the upper and lower electrode plates.
Therefore, when the sensor is filled with a medium and the distance between the polar plates is constant, the induced voltage between the two polar plates of the parallel plate sensor is in a proportional relation with the alternating electric field, and therefore, the induced voltage u between the two polar plates of the sensor can be measured and converted into the electric field intensity E of the electric field environment of the sensor1Thereby achieving the purpose of detecting the charged state.
The non-contact signal conditioning circuit reduces input induction voltage to be within an acceptable range of the single chip microcomputer through the voltage grade adjusting circuit, the signal is input to the voltage follower after passing through the protection circuit, the voltage follower has the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, the load carrying capacity of the circuit is improved, the signal with high-frequency clutter filtered is rectified by the full-wave precision rectifying circuit and then input into the single chip microcomputer through second-order active low-pass filtering, the input impedance can be improved through the second-order active low-pass filtering, and the output impedance is reduced.
The sound and light alarm unit adopts a red LED lamp for light alarm, a buzzer 8 for sound alarm, a blue LED lamp is a power indicator lamp, and the blue LED lamp is turned on after the electroscope is turned on; the LED lamp 7 and the buzzer 8 are driven by triodes and are both positioned at the bottom end of the electroscope shell 6.
As shown in fig. 5, the voltage level adjusting circuit of the present invention adopts a multi-channel analog switch CD4052 to select the voltage, CD4052 is equivalent to a double-pole four-throw switch, the turn-on channel is determined by the input address codes a and B, the pin D9 and the pin D10 are connected to a single chip, and the multi-channel switch is controlled by the single chip, so as to select the voltage level. The resistor R1 forms a voltage division circuit with the resistor R2, the resistor R3, the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 respectively, the resistor corresponding to 10kV is R2, and the resistor R2 is connected with the pin D15; the resistor corresponding to 66kV is R3 and is connected with a pin D14; the resistance value corresponding to 110kV is R4, and the resistance value is connected with a pin D12; the 220kV corresponding resistor is R5 and is connected with the pin D11; r2, R3, R4 and R5 correspond to different resistance values, and the ratio of the effective values of the input voltage and the output voltage of the signal conditioning circuit is changed, so that the voltage value of the input STM32 after full-wave precision rectification is kept between 0 and 3.3V. The power supply terminal of the multiplexer CD4052 is ± 5V, and the pin D6, the pin D8 and the pin D13 are grounded.
As shown in fig. 6, for the signal processing flow chart of the present invention, after selecting the voltage class, the single chip firstly initializes the pin ADC1 of the single chip and the timer TIM1 in the program, the single chip is interrupted once every 100us, the ADC1 is read once every time the interruption is interrupted, an effective value is calculated once for every hundred data, then the output voltage U1 of the electric field sensor is obtained as ADC1 k according to the conversion coefficient k from the output voltage of the electric field sensor to the ADC1, and the voltage U1 obtained by the conversion is logically determined: taking 10kV voltage class as an example, the alarm threshold voltage U of each distance obtained by the experimental result is obtained from U10.7、U0.5、U0.3、U0.1Make a comparison, U0.7、U0.5、U0.3And U0.1Respectively representing the alarm threshold voltage of the electroscope at the positions of 0.7m, 0.5m, 0.3m and 0.1m of the distance between the electroscope and the object to be measured. If U1<U0.7If the voltage is higher than the U1 voltage, the sound and light alarm frequency is higher. If the voltage grades are 66kV and 110kV, the alarm threshold voltage U of each distance obtained by the experimental result is obtained by U11.5、U1.3、U1.0、U0.8Comparing; similarly, if the voltage level is 220kV, the alarm threshold voltage U of each distance obtained by the experimental result is U13.0、U2.8、U2.6、U2.3A comparison is made.
The invention has simple structure, small volume and portability, can test the electricity of the lines with a plurality of voltage levels (10kV, 66kV, 110kV and 220kV), reduces the workload of maintainers and improves the working efficiency; the invention adopts a non-contact method to measure the line, increases the electricity testing distance, improves the safety of electricity testing, reduces the length requirement of the insulating rod and greatly reduces the burden of maintainers.
Claims (2)
1. The multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope is characterized by comprising a flat capacitive sensor (1), a signal processing unit (3), a voltage level selection button (4), a voltage level indicator lamp (5), an electroscope shell (6), a telescopic insulating rod (9), an insulating handle (10) and an acousto-optic alarm unit;
the electroscope shell (6) is of a cylindrical structure, a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the electroscope shell, and the flat capacitive sensor (1), the signal processing unit (3) and the acousto-optic alarm unit are located in the electroscope shell (6); the panel capacitive sensor (1) is fixed on the inner surface of the top of the electroscope shell (6), a plurality of voltage level selection buttons (4) and voltage level indicator lamps (5) are mounted on the outer surface of the top, the voltage level selection buttons (4) and the voltage level indicator lamps (5) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each indicator lamp corresponds to one voltage level;
the flat capacitive sensor (1) comprises an upper polar plate (11), a lower polar plate (13) and a filling part (12), wherein the upper polar plate (11) and the lower polar plate (13) are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the filling part (12) and are respectively connected with a signal processing unit (3) through a signal output lead (2), and the signal processing unit (3) conditions the induction voltage output by the flat capacitive sensor (1); the signal processing unit (3) is composed of a signal conditioning circuit and a single chip microcomputer, the signal conditioning circuit is mainly composed of a voltage grade adjusting circuit, a voltage following circuit, a second-order active filter circuit and a full-wave precision rectifying circuit, the circuits are sequentially connected, and signals of the flat-plate capacitive sensor (1) are conditioned and then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer; the sound and light alarm unit comprises an LED lamp (7) and a buzzer (8) and is fixed at the bottom in the electroscope shell (6), the LED lamp (7) and the buzzer (8) are both connected with a singlechip in the signal processing unit (3), and the alarm is controlled by the singlechip according to signals transmitted to the singlechip;
one end of the telescopic insulating rod (9) is installed in a through hole in the center of the bottom of the electroscope shell (6), the other end of the telescopic insulating rod is provided with an insulating handle (10), the surface of the insulating handle (10) is provided with anti-skidding convex strips, and friction force is increased through the convex strips; the telescopic insulating rod (9) is composed of a plurality of sections of insulating rod units, is connected by adopting a thread buckle, is telescopic and self-locked, and selects a corresponding section of insulating rod unit when testing electricity for different voltage transmission lines.
2. The multi-voltage-stage non-contact electroscope according to claim 1, wherein the retractable insulating rod (9) is made of epoxy resin glass reinforced plastic.
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| CN202010327985.4A CN111351978A (en) | 2020-04-23 | 2020-04-23 | Multi-voltage-level non-contact electroscope |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111638397A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-08 | 国网山东省电力公司威海市文登区供电公司 | Pull-type high-voltage electricity testing device |
| CN112327041A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-05 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | High-voltage electricity testing rod |
| CN112415256A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-26 | 国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司 | Multi-voltage-grade selectable electroscope |
| CN112595864A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-02 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司徐州供电分公司 | Novel full-voltage telescopic electroscope |
| CN113238122A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fault detection device based on low-voltage cable electric field distribution |
| CN113419104A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-21 | 兴化市永安电力工具有限公司 | Extra-high voltage direct current non-contact intelligent electroscope |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111638397A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-08 | 国网山东省电力公司威海市文登区供电公司 | Pull-type high-voltage electricity testing device |
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| CN113419104A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-21 | 兴化市永安电力工具有限公司 | Extra-high voltage direct current non-contact intelligent electroscope |
| CN113419104B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-04-26 | 兴化市永安电力工具有限公司 | Extra-high voltage direct current non-contact intelligent electroscope |
| CN113238122A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fault detection device based on low-voltage cable electric field distribution |
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