CN111346939B - Method for preparing multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling - Google Patents
Method for preparing multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling Download PDFInfo
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- CN111346939B CN111346939B CN201811576653.9A CN201811576653A CN111346939B CN 111346939 B CN111346939 B CN 111346939B CN 201811576653 A CN201811576653 A CN 201811576653A CN 111346939 B CN111346939 B CN 111346939B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling, which comprises the following steps: surface rolling deformation, homogenizing annealing treatment, non-uniform rolling deformation and recrystallization annealing treatment. According to the material performance requirements, programming by using a computer, and weaving different patterns of rolling cutter paths to obtain aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses; fully annealing the aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses to restore the microstructure of the aluminum alloy plates to an annealed structure before deformation; carrying out non-uniform rolling deformation on the aluminum alloy plate with different thicknesses in an annealed state to obtain an aluminum alloy rolled plate with a flat surface and uniform thickness; and obtaining the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate through recrystallization annealing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plastic forming of metal materials, in particular to a method for preparing a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling.
Background
The aluminum alloy has low density, light weight and good plasticity, is convenient to process into various sectional materials, and is widely applied to important structural components such as aerospace engines, automobile cover plates and the like. However, for the aluminum alloy plate prepared by the common process, the structure is single, and the performance can not meet the use requirements under certain special environments, such as aluminum alloy covering parts applied to automobiles.
Through the literature search of the prior art, Yang Liu et Al found that in the "Effect of Mg on micro structure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys produced by high pressure torsion processing by high pressure torsion reduction", published in the text of script materials (materials introduction, 2019, 159: 137-141), Al-Mg alloys with different Mg contents were prepared into disks with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 1mm, and a pressure of 6GPa was applied to the disks under room temperature conditions, and a high pressure torsion processing of 10 revolutions was performed, so that the materials had smaller grain sizes and a large amount of interface structures in the materials hindered movement of dislocations. The mechanical property results show that the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength of the sample after high-pressure torsion treatment are greatly improved, but the extensibility is obviously reduced. Although the high-pressure torsion technology refines the aluminum alloy to ultra-fine grain/nano-grain size, the technology generally has high requirements on equipment, complex processing technology and limited size of processed materials, and cannot meet the requirements of industrial production and practical application.
Due to the difference of microstructure and structure, the heterogeneous materials are mutually coordinated and matched in deformation, so that the heterogeneous materials not only have better strengthening effect, but also can keep good plasticity of the materials. A large strain gradient is created near the interface of the dissimilar materials, creating significant back stress during deformation, so the material achieves higher work hardening, thereby achieving good ductility. Further, it was found that "microscopic evaluation and mechanical properties of Al/Al-12% Si multilayered processed by statistical mechanical bonding (ARB)" (organization evolution and mechanical properties of the laminated Al/Al-12% Si/Al composite sheet) "published in Materials Science and Engineering A (journal of Material Science and Engineering A, 2015, 647: 127) -by N.E. Mahalawy et Al indicated that the laminated Al/Al-12% Si/Al sheet formed a layered structure interface, which provided an effective barrier to dislocation motion, resulting in an increase in ultimate tensile strength of the laminated sample by 4.73 times and 1.86 times compared with the annealed 1050-Al and Al-12% Si sheets. However, the rolling technique requires repeated cutting and rolling of the plate material, and in the case of Al alloy, the oxide film on the surface thereof adversely affects the interface bonding, thereby greatly reducing the yield. In addition, the process of the pack rolling is complex, the production efficiency is low, the prepared composite plate has small thickness, the bonding interface is easy to oxidize, the bonding is poor, and the requirements on the rolling capability of the rolling mill are also high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (5) rolling and deforming the surface. The special pressure head matched with the three-shaft milling machine is designed, and the pressure head can be in a hemispherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape or a cylindrical shape. Assembling the machine to a three-axis numerical control milling machine, compiling a cutter path program according to requirements, and carrying out surface rolling on a plate to be processed. Obtaining the aluminum alloy plates with different rolling patterns and different thicknesses.
Step 2: and (6) carrying out homogenization annealing treatment. And (3) carrying out sufficient homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses after rolling deformation, eliminating all deformation tissues introduced in the rolling deformation process, and obtaining uniformly distributed annealing tissues.
And step 3: and (4) non-uniform rolling deformation. And (3) carrying out non-uniform rolling deformation on the annealed aluminum alloy plate with different thickness by using a conventional double-roller mill, and controlling the pressing amount according to the critical deformation degree of the aluminum alloy, so that the deformation amount of a large strain area is sufficiently higher than the critical deformation degree, and the deformation amount of a small strain area is sufficiently close to the critical deformation degree. Thereby obtaining the aluminum alloy rolled plate with uniform thickness and smooth surface.
And 4, step 4: and (5) recrystallization annealing treatment. Carrying out recrystallization annealing on the aluminum alloy rolled plate subjected to non-uniform rolling deformation to ensure that the recrystallization annealing is carried out in a large strain area to obtain a fine crystal structure; the small strain region is insufficient for recrystallization annealing to occur, leaving a coarse grain structure. Thereby obtaining the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. compared with other preparation methods, the method has lower requirement on equipment and can realize standardized butt joint, so the method has the advantages of simple operation, strong flexibility and low production cost.
2. The invention adopts numerical control software to accurately compile the rolling cutter path, and the programming technology of the numerical control milling machine can carry out surface treatment on aluminum alloy plates in different paths. Therefore, the manufacturing precision is high, the flexibility is strong, and the design of the microstructure distribution of the heterogeneous material can be completed in programming.
3. The method for preparing the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by rolling deformation has the advantages of low requirement on equipment, simplicity, feasibility and strong repeatability, and can realize large-batch production and processing.
4. The multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate prepared by the method has low requirements on original materials, and has the characteristics of heterogeneous materials, so that the local area shows better strength, the prepared aluminum alloy plate can bear larger deformation in various application environments, and the actual application requirements can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the milling head, in which (1) the shape of a hemisphere (2) and a semi-ellipse (3) are cylindrical.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the rolling deformation example device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus of an embodiment of rolling deformation.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic representation of an example.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic comparison of different patterns of the examples.
Wherein: the device comprises a motor 1, a rolling pressure head 2, an aluminum alloy plate 3-1 in an original state, an aluminum alloy plate 3-2 processed in different thicknesses, an aluminum alloy plate 3-3 after rolling and a roller 4.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the drawings, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The invention takes an aluminum alloy plate as an example, gives detailed implementation mode and specific operation, and the following example relates to four steps of processes comprising: surface rolling deformation, homogenizing annealing treatment, non-uniform rolling deformation and recrystallization annealing treatment, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps: assembling a rolling pressure head, fixing the plate on a clamp of a three-axis numerical control milling machine, and establishing a three-axis coordinate system by the surface (X, Y) and the upper part (Z) of the plate.
Shown in FIG. 2 (1): the method comprises the steps of setting the pressing amount to be 20-50% (the ratio of Z-axis descending amount to plate thickness) according to physical characteristics (thickness, hardness and the like) of a plate, setting the length of the plate to be the X-axis walking amount, setting the width ratio of high and low areas of the plate to be 1:1 or 1:2 (the walking amount required by Y-axis rolling operation for two times) according to the width dimension (Y-axis direction) of the plate and using requirements, changing the size of a rolling press head to increase/decrease the distance between areas with different thicknesses, and compiling a rolling cutter path program through the steps.
Shown in fig. 2 (2): setting the pressing amount to be 20-50%, setting the width of the plate to be the walking amount of the Y axis, setting the width ratio of high and low areas of the plate to be 1:1 or 1:2, changing the size of the rolling pressure head to increase/decrease the distance between areas with different thicknesses, and compiling the rolling cutter path program through the steps.
Shown in FIG. 2 (3): setting the pressing amount of the Z axis as 20%, setting the width ratio of the high-low area of the plate as 1:1, calculating the number of times of rolling pattern repetition according to the length (X axis direction) of the plate, and compiling the rolling cutter path program through the steps.
The three-axis numerical control milling machine firstly carries out tool setting and adjusts a proper speed. And then rolling and deforming the aluminum alloy plate according to a set program to obtain the aluminum alloy plate with different thicknesses.
Step two: and fully annealing the obtained aluminum alloy plate with different thicknesses at the annealing temperature of 200-500 ℃ for 10h, and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature along with the furnace.
Step three: and carrying out non-uniform rolling deformation on the annealed aluminum alloy plate with the different thickness, selecting appropriate deformation amount of 32-65% according to the critical deformation degree of the aluminum alloy of 12-15%, and accumulating sufficient deformation amount in a multi-rolling mode to enable the plate with the different thickness to generate non-uniform plastic deformation in the thickness direction so as to obtain the aluminum alloy rolled plate with uniform thickness and smooth surface.
Step four: and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the aluminum alloy rolled plate subjected to non-uniform rolling deformation, wherein the annealing temperature is 350-400 ℃, the annealing time is 1-2 h, and air cooling to room temperature. The deformation of the area which is not subjected to rolling deformation is large, a large amount of dislocation is gathered and tangled in the area, and the driving force obtained by recrystallization is large, so that grain refinement occurs; the deformation amount of the region which has been subjected to rolling deformation is small, and the increase of the defects in the region is small, so that recrystallization does not occur, and the coarse-grained structure is retained.
As shown in FIG. 5, the present invention can be used to roll different patterns using different rolling rams.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method for preparing a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps of: surface rolling deformation, homogenizing annealing treatment, non-uniform rolling deformation and recrystallization annealing treatment, firstly, according to the material performance requirement, utilizing computer programming to compile different shapes of rolling cutter paths to obtain aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses; fully annealing the aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses to restore the microstructure of the aluminum alloy plates to an annealed structure before deformation; carrying out non-uniform rolling deformation on the annealed plate with different thickness to obtain an aluminum alloy rolled plate with uniform thickness and smooth surface: obtaining a multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate through recrystallization annealing; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: carrying out surface rolling deformation, assembling the special pressure head to a three-axis numerical control milling machine, compiling a cutter path program according to requirements, and carrying out surface rolling on the plate to be processed to obtain aluminum alloy plates with different rolling patterns and different thicknesses;
step 2: homogenizing annealing treatment, namely performing sufficient homogenizing annealing treatment on the rolled and deformed aluminum alloy plates with different thicknesses, eliminating all deformation tissues introduced in the rolling deformation process, and obtaining uniformly distributed annealing tissues;
and step 3: non-uniform rolling deformation, rolling the aluminum alloy plate with different thicknesses in an annealing state by using a double-roller mill, and controlling the pressing amount to ensure that the deformation of a large strain area is higher than a critical strain amount and the strain of a small strain area is less than the critical strain amount, so that the aluminum alloy rolled plate with uniform thickness and smooth surface is obtained;
and 4, step 4: carrying out recrystallization annealing treatment, namely carrying out recrystallization annealing on the aluminum alloy rolled plate subjected to non-uniform rolling deformation to ensure that a large strain area is subjected to recrystallization annealing to obtain a fine grain structure; the small strain area is not enough for recrystallization annealing to remain coarse-grained structure, so that the multi-grain-scale heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate is obtained.
2. The method for preparing the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling according to claim 1, wherein the special pressing head is hemispherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical.
3. The method for preparing the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogenization annealing treatment process is carried out, the annealing temperature and the annealing time are selected to ensure that the deformation structure introduced in the rolling process is fully recovered, the grain size is homogenized, and the annealing temperature is 200-500 ℃ and the annealing time is 10 hours.
4. The method for preparing the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling according to claim 1, wherein the proper rolling deformation is controlled to be 32% -65% according to the critical deformation degree of the aluminum alloy of 12% -15%, and enough strain is obtained by multiple times of rolling, so that the aluminum alloy rolled plate with uniform thickness and smooth surface is obtained.
5. The method for preparing the multi-grain-size heterogeneous aluminum alloy plate by composite rolling according to claim 1, wherein the recrystallization annealing step is performed at an annealing temperature and for an annealing time selected to ensure that recrystallization annealing occurs in a large strain region and grains are refined; recrystallization annealing does not occur in the small strain region, and a coarse crystal structure is reserved; the specific annealing temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h.
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| CN114619033B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-12-16 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-scale mixed crystal isomeric aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113941602A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-18 | 西安交通大学 | Gradient-structure metal material with adjustable gradient rate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113953315A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-21 | 西安交通大学 | Layered multilevel heterostructure metal material with adjustable period and preparation method thereof |
| CN114083871B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-26 | 太原科技大学 | Preparation method of Al-3% Cu alloy with non-uniform layered structure |
| CN114453415A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Non-uniform-thickness rolling method for metal plate with structure gradient structure |
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| CN105107840A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-02 | 上海应用技术学院 | Surface severe deformation rolling device and method of magnesium alloy plate |
| CN105525236A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆大学 | Thermomechanical treatment method for aluminium alloy grain refinement |
| CN105886975A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-24 | 波音公司 | Method for manufacturing anodized aluminum alloy parts without surface discoloration |
| CN108126981A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-08 | 吉林大学 | A kind of aximal deformation value rolling mill practice based on Asymmetric Rolling equipment |
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| DE10343618B3 (en) * | 2003-09-20 | 2004-11-04 | Ks Gleitlager Gmbh | Sliding bearing composite material used in the production of sliding bearing shells for connecting rod bearings comprises a steel support layer with a sliding layer made from an aluminum bearing alloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105886975A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-24 | 波音公司 | Method for manufacturing anodized aluminum alloy parts without surface discoloration |
| CN105107840A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-12-02 | 上海应用技术学院 | Surface severe deformation rolling device and method of magnesium alloy plate |
| CN105525236A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-27 | 重庆大学 | Thermomechanical treatment method for aluminium alloy grain refinement |
| CN108126981A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-08 | 吉林大学 | A kind of aximal deformation value rolling mill practice based on Asymmetric Rolling equipment |
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