CN111342436A - Surge current suppression circuit and method - Google Patents
Surge current suppression circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342436A CN111342436A CN202010022437.0A CN202010022437A CN111342436A CN 111342436 A CN111342436 A CN 111342436A CN 202010022437 A CN202010022437 A CN 202010022437A CN 111342436 A CN111342436 A CN 111342436A
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surge current suppression circuit and a method, wherein the suppression method adopts the surge current suppression circuit to suppress, the surge current suppression circuit comprises a charging circuit and a digital control chip, and the charging circuit is used for acquiring alternating current and charging an output capacitor; the charging circuit comprises a thyristor and a driving circuit, and the gate pole end of the thyristor obtains conduction driving voltage from an alternating current line through the driving circuit; the digital control chip is provided with a pulse type charging control program, and the pulse type charging control program is used for controlling the charging circuit to carry out pulse type charging on the output capacitor according to the conduction interval modulation program and the conduction time point determination program; and a conduction interval modulation program for modulating the conduction interval of the thyristor to be conducted only in the input alternating current voltage absolute value reduction interval. The invention overcomes the influence of the environmental temperature on the surge current suppression effect, and has simple and ingenious structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surge current suppression, in particular to a surge current suppression circuit and a surge current suppression method based on the surge current suppression circuit.
Background
The surge current is a common problem in the starting process of a power electronic device, and is particularly obvious in high-power application occasions, and when a plurality of circuits are started, a rear-stage output capacitor needs to be precharged to ensure the reliable operation of a power device, so that a large surge current can be generated in the starting transient state.
At present, the most common inrush current limiting method at home and abroad is to connect a negative temperature coefficient thermistor in series, but some problems still exist, for example, the current limiting effect of an NTC resistor is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature. When the starting is carried out at low temperature (below zero), the resistance is too large, the charging current is too small, the switching power supply can not be started, and if the starting is carried out at high temperature, the resistance value of the resistor is too small, the effect of limiting surge current can not be achieved; the current limiting effect is only partially achieved in the event of a brief input mains interruption (of the order of a few hundred milliseconds). During this brief interruption, the electrolytic capacitor has been discharged, while the NTC resistor is still at a high temperature and has a low resistance, and the NTC resistor is not able to effectively limit the current when it is required to immediately restart the power supply. Although the relay delay switching mode is often used in the industry to improve the system efficiency, the influence of the ambient temperature on the NTC resistor is reduced. However, the volume of the converter is increased, and the improvement is still possible contrary to the development trend of high power density.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention provides the surge current suppression circuit, which breaks through the principle of surge current suppression in the prior art, overcomes the influence of environmental temperature on the surge current suppression effect, and has a simple and ingenious structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a surge current suppression circuit comprises a charging circuit and a digital control chip, wherein the charging circuit is used for acquiring alternating current and charging an output capacitor; the charging circuit comprises a thyristor and a driving circuit, wherein the anode end of the thyristor is used for getting electricity from an alternating current line, the cathode end of the thyristor is used for transmitting electricity to the output capacitor, and the gate end of the thyristor obtains conduction driving voltage from the alternating current line through the driving circuit;
the driving circuit comprises a voltage division circuit and a switch circuit which are connected in series; the switch circuit is used for switching on or switching off the drive circuit according to a control signal of the digital control chip, the cathode end of the thyristor is connected with a low voltage point of the voltage division circuit, and the gate pole end of the thyristor is connected with a high voltage point of the voltage division circuit, so that when the drive circuit is switched on, the gate pole voltage of the thyristor is higher than the cathode voltage and is switched on;
the digital control chip is provided with a pulse type charging control program, and the pulse type charging control program is used for controlling the charging circuit to carry out pulse type charging on the output capacitor according to the conduction interval modulation program and the conduction time point determination program; the conduction interval modulation program is used for modulating the conduction interval of the thyristor to be conducted only in the input alternating current voltage absolute value reduction interval; the conduction time point determining program is used for determining the conduction time point in the conduction interval according to the voltage stepping amplitude value and enabling the input alternating voltage u corresponding to the nth conduction time pointnIs greater than the input AC voltage u corresponding to the n-1 th conduction time pointn-1Absolute value of (a).
Further, the on-interval modulation program acquires an input ac voltage absolute value falling interval according to a waveform diagram of the input ac voltage, and transmits an on signal to the switching circuit of the drive circuit in the input ac voltage absolute value falling interval and transmits an off signal to the switching circuit in the input ac voltage absolute value rising interval.
The device further comprises an input voltage detection module, a digital control chip and a control module, wherein the input voltage detection module is used for detecting the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage in real time and sending the phase and amplitude to the digital control chip; and the digital control chip judges whether the on-time point is reached according to the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage detected in real time.
Preferably, the charging circuit comprises a thyristor T1Thyristor T2Diode D1And diode D2A rectifier bridge is formed; thyristor T1The anode terminal of the diode is connected with a live wire, and a diode D2The cathode end of the output capacitor is connected with the zero line, and the anode end and the cathode end of the output capacitor are respectively connected with the thyristor T1Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)2Is connected to form a first charging loop; thyristor T2The anode end of the diode D is connected with the zero line1The cathode end of the output capacitor is connected with the live wire, and the anode end and the cathode end of the output capacitor are respectively connected with the thyristor T2Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)1Is connected to form a second charging loop; thyristor T1And thyristor T2Are respectively connected with respective driving circuits and simultaneously receive control signals of the digital control chip; thyristor T1The driving circuit obtains a conduction driving voltage from a live wire, and the thyristor T2The drive circuit obtains a conduction drive voltage from the zero line.
The invention also provides a surge current suppression method, adopting the surge current suppression circuit of the invention, under the action of pulse type charging control program, the charging circuit charges the output capacitor at each conducting time point of the thyristor, in the single charging process, along with the rising of the voltage of the output capacitor and the falling of the absolute value of the input alternating voltage, the voltage of the cathode of the thyristor is larger than the voltage of the anode, the thyristor is cut off, the charging circuit is disconnected for charging, the voltage of the output capacitor is raised to the absolute value of the current input alternating voltage, and the single charging is completed; the absolute value of the input alternating voltage is gradually increased along with the sequence of the conduction time points, so that the voltage of the output capacitor can be gradually increased to the maximum amplitude of the input alternating voltage.
Further, the charging time and the charging current are adjusted by adjusting the voltage step amplitude: the larger the voltage stepping amplitude is, the shorter the charging time is, and the larger the charging current is; the smaller the voltage step amplitude, the longer the charging time, while the smaller the charging current.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the surge current suppression circuit changes a charging mode by combining software and hardware, changes the traditional charging mode (continuous charging after the charging circuit is conducted) into a pulse type charging mode, and gradually raises the voltage of an output capacitor to a working voltage through multiple pulse charging, thereby forming long-time low-current charging, avoiding short-time high-current charging caused by the traditional charging mode, and realizing the suppression of the surge current due to the reduction of the charging current.
2. Different from the zero crossing point conduction (the thyristor can not be turned off after being turned on) of the traditional thyristor, the conduction interval of the thyristor is modulated to be only conducted in the input alternating current voltage absolute value reduction interval, so that the cathode voltage of the thyristor is larger than the anode voltage along with the increase of the output capacitor voltage and the reduction of the input alternating current voltage absolute value, the thyristor is turned off by depending on the circuit characteristics, and the charging circuit is turned off for charging, so that the key for realizing pulse charging is realized.
3. The basis for judging whether the conduction time point is reached is provided for the digital control chip through the input voltage detection module, and the estimation is more accurate compared with the estimation only through time.
4. The charging circuit comprises a thyristor T1Thyristor T2Diode D1And diode D2The formed rectifier bridge can rectify the alternating current while inhibiting surge current, thereby meeting the special requirements of certain circuits. The charging circuit with the rectifier bridge can charge the output capacitor in both the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the alternating current: and pulse charging is carried out twice in one period, so that the charging efficiency is higher.
5. The surge current suppression method can effectively suppress surge current and flexibly adjust the charging time and the magnitude of the charging current according to the requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thyristor turn-on interval;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first charging loop;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second charging loop;
fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of a surge suppression circuit.
Detailed Description
A surge current suppression circuit comprises a charging circuit and a digital control chip, wherein the charging circuit is used for acquiring alternating current and charging an output capacitor; the charging circuit comprises a thyristor and a driving circuit, wherein the anode end of the thyristor is used for getting electricity from an alternating current line, the cathode end of the thyristor is used for transmitting electricity to the output capacitor, and the gate end of the thyristor obtains conduction driving voltage from the alternating current line through the driving circuit.
The driving circuit comprises a voltage division circuit and a switch circuit which are connected in series; the switch circuit is used for switching on or switching off the drive circuit according to a control signal of the digital control chip, the cathode end of the thyristor is connected with a low voltage point of the voltage division circuit, and the gate pole end of the thyristor is connected with a high voltage point of the voltage division circuit, so that when the drive circuit is switched on, the gate pole voltage of the thyristor is higher than the cathode voltage and is switched on.
The digital control chip is provided with a pulse type charging control program, and the pulse type charging control program is used for controlling the charging circuit to carry out pulse type charging on the output capacitor according to the conduction interval modulation program and the conduction time point determination program; the conduction interval modulation program is used for modulating the conduction interval of the thyristor to be conducted only in the input alternating current voltage absolute value reduction interval; the conduction time point determining program is used for determining the conduction time point in the conduction interval according to the voltage stepping amplitude value and enabling the input alternating voltage u corresponding to the nth conduction time pointnIs greater than the input AC voltage u corresponding to the n-1 th conduction time pointn-1Absolute value of (a).
The system also comprises an input voltage detection module, a digital control chip and a control module, wherein the input voltage detection module is used for detecting the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage in real time and sending the phase and amplitude to the digital control chip; and the digital control chip judges whether the on-time point is reached according to the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage detected in real time.
Referring to fig. 1, the conduction interval modulation program obtains the absolute value of the input ac voltage according to the waveform diagram of the input ac voltageA falling interval and a falling interval of the absolute value of the input AC voltage (e.g. gray area, T in FIG. 1)s/4～TsInterval/2 and 3Ts/4～TsInterval) transmits an on signal to the switching circuit of the drive circuit, and transmits an off signal to the switching circuit in an interval in which the absolute value of the input ac voltage rises. The peak voltage and the trough voltage of the input alternating voltage are divided into the absolute value drop interval of the input alternating voltage.
The charging circuit can realize the suppression of surge current by adopting a single thyristor, but a phase-control rectifier bridge can also be formed by adopting two thyristors, so that the charging efficiency can be improved. The control process of the twin-crystal thyristors includes the control process of the single-crystal thyristors, and therefore the details of the single-crystal thyristors are not repeated, and the following description is made for the twin-crystal thyristors in this specific embodiment.
Referring to FIG. 2, the charging circuit includes a thyristor T1Thyristor T2Diode D1And diode D2A rectifier bridge is formed; thyristor T1The anode terminal of the diode is connected with a live wire, and a diode D2The cathode end of the capacitor is connected with the zero line and outputs a capacitor CoThe positive terminal and the negative terminal of the thyristor are respectively connected with the thyristor T1Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)2To form a first charging loop, as shown with reference to fig. 3. Thyristor T2The anode end of the diode D1 is connected with the zero line, the cathode end of the diode D1 is connected with the live wire, and the output capacitor CoThe positive terminal and the negative terminal of the thyristor are respectively connected with the thyristor T2Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)1To form a second charging loop, as shown with reference to fig. 4. Thyristor T1And thyristor T2Are respectively connected with respective driving circuits and simultaneously receive control signals of the digital control chip; thyristor T1The driving circuit obtains a conduction driving voltage from a live wire, and the thyristor T2The drive circuit obtains a conduction drive voltage from the zero line.
The switch circuit in the drive circuit adopts an optical coupling isolator and a thyristor T1The drive circuit adopts an optical coupling isolator U1Thyristor T2The drive circuit adopts an optical coupling isolator U2. Optical coupling isolator U1、U2Through small signal MOSFET U3Obtaining control signal of digital control chip, detecting input voltage phase and amplitude, when the input voltage is in Ts/4～TsWhen the expected amplitude value in the/2 interval is reached, the IO port of the digital chip gives a high level to RA4, and the MOSFET tube U3Closed, U1、U2At the same time, but when AC (L) is positive potential and AC (N) is negative potential, T is therefore1Conduction, T2And (6) turning off. Similarly, when the input voltage is at 3Ts/4～TsIn the interval, AC (L) is negative potential, AC (N) is positive potential T1Off, T2And conducting.
The voltage division circuit adopts two resistors connected in series, and the gate terminal of the thyristor is connected between the two resistors. Thyristor T1The voltage dividing circuit of the driving circuit comprises a resistor R2And a resistor R4Thyristor T1Is connected to the resistor R2And a resistor R4In the meantime. Thyristor T2The voltage dividing circuit of the driving circuit comprises a resistor R1And a resistor R3Thyristor T2Is connected to the resistor R1And a resistor R3In the meantime.
The cathode terminal of the thyristor passes through diode D5And output capacitor CoIs connected to the positive terminal of a diode D5The anode terminal of the diode D is connected with the cathode terminal of the thyristor5Cathode terminal and output capacitor CoIs connected with the positive terminal.
The surge current suppression circuit in the embodiment is adopted, and under the action of a pulse type charging control program, the charging circuit takes the output capacitor C as each conduction time point of a thyristoroCharging, during a single charging process, with the output capacitor CoThe voltage rises and the absolute value of the input alternating voltage drops, so that the cathode voltage of the thyristor is greater than the anode voltage, the thyristor is cut off, the charging circuit is disconnected for charging, and the output capacitor CoThe voltage is increased to the absolute value of the input alternating voltage, and single charging is finished; the absolute value of the input AC voltage is gradually increased along with the sequence of the conduction time points, thereby leading to thatTo obtain an output capacitor CoThe voltage can be gradually increased to the maximum amplitude of the input ac voltage.
Referring to FIG. 5, uinRepresenting the input voltage, single representing the control signal to the thyristor, where blue represents the control signal to the thyristor T1Red for thyristor T2The control signal of (2). It can be seen that at Ts/4-TsThyristor T capable of conducting in time of 21Corresponding to the input AC voltage u1，3Ts/4-TsTime-conducting thyristor T2Corresponding to the input AC voltage u2To ensure the capacitance CoAll charge at the next trigger signal, must satisfy | u2|＞|u1L, and so on to the nth cycle at (n-1) Ts+Ts/4～(n-1)Ts+TsCorresponding on-voltage u at/2n-1，(n-1)Ts+3Ts/4～nTsTime-corresponding input AC voltage unAlso, it is necessary to satisfy | un|＞|un-1|。un,maxEqual to the maximum amplitude A of the input AC voltage, e.g. 220VAC with an input voltage of 50Hz, un,maxAnd gradually charging the voltage at two ends of the capacitor to the maximum amplitude A of the input alternating voltage after n cycles, so as to realize pulse charging of the output capacitor Co and inhibit starting surge current.
The charging time and the charging current are adjusted by adjusting the voltage stepping amplitude: the larger the voltage stepping amplitude is, the shorter the charging time is, and the larger the charging current is; the smaller the voltage step amplitude, the longer the charging time, while the smaller the charging current. The theory is as follows:
in a period, the thyristor is conducted twice, the capacitor is charged twice correspondingly, the voltage values at two ends of the output capacitor Co are charged to the input voltage amplitude A after pulse charging for multiple times, the required total charge Q is ACo, and the voltage stepping values are the same when conducting each time, namely the charging current value icSimilarly, the charging time Δ T ═ T1-t0Therefore, the charge during a half cycle is expressed as follows:
period of input AC power is TsThe time T required to charge twice a cycle, and thus to the desired voltage magnitude, is expressed as follows:
according to the above formula, the total charging time T is proportional to the input voltage amplitude A and the input AC period TsGenerally can be regarded as TsApproximately constant, 20 ms. Therefore, under the condition of the same surge current, the larger the input voltage amplitude A is, the larger the required pulse type charging total time T is; according to a capacitor voltage current relation equation i-Cdu/dt, the larger the voltage step value du/dt is at each turn-on of the thyristor, the larger the pulse charging current is, and the smaller the charging required time T is, so that the charging time can be reduced by increasing the du/dt value as much as possible while meeting the surge current index in design. On the contrary, if the du/dt value is infinitesimal, the starting surge current is theoretically infinitesimal close to 0, the required starting time is infinitesimal close, and the minimum starting surge current can be realized. However, the holding current i for the thyristor to conduct should be considered during the analysishTherefore, the current value is the minimum starting current value which meets the stable operation of the charging loop.
Claims (10)
1. An inrush current suppression circuit, characterized in that: the charging circuit is used for acquiring alternating current and charging an output capacitor; the charging circuit comprises a thyristor and a driving circuit, wherein the anode end of the thyristor is used for getting electricity from an alternating current line, the cathode end of the thyristor is used for transmitting electricity to the output capacitor, and the gate end of the thyristor obtains conduction driving voltage from the alternating current line through the driving circuit;
the driving circuit comprises a voltage division circuit and a switch circuit which are connected in series; the switch circuit is used for switching on or switching off the drive circuit according to a control signal of the digital control chip, the cathode end of the thyristor is connected with a low voltage point of the voltage division circuit, and the gate pole end of the thyristor is connected with a high voltage point of the voltage division circuit, so that when the drive circuit is switched on, the gate pole voltage of the thyristor is higher than the cathode voltage and is switched on;
the digital control chip is provided with a pulse type charging control program, and the pulse type charging control program is used for controlling the charging circuit to carry out pulse type charging on the output capacitor according to the conduction interval modulation program and the conduction time point determination program; the conduction interval modulation program is used for modulating the conduction interval of the thyristor to be conducted only in the input alternating current voltage absolute value reduction interval; the conduction time point determining program is used for determining the conduction time point in the conduction interval according to the voltage stepping amplitude value and enabling the input alternating voltage u corresponding to the nth conduction time pointnIs greater than the input AC voltage u corresponding to the n-1 th conduction time pointn-1Absolute value of (a).
2. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1, wherein: the conduction interval modulation program acquires an input alternating voltage absolute value descending interval according to a waveform diagram of the input alternating voltage, sends a switch-on signal to a switching circuit of the driving circuit in the input alternating voltage absolute value descending interval, and sends a switch-off signal to the switching circuit in the input alternating voltage absolute value ascending interval.
3. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 2, wherein: the peak voltage and the trough voltage of the input alternating voltage are divided into the absolute value drop interval of the input alternating voltage.
4. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1, wherein: the charging circuit comprises a thyristor T1Thyristor T2Diode D1And diode D2A rectifier bridge is formed; thyristor T1The anode terminal of the diode is connected with a live wire, and a diode D2The cathode end of the output capacitor is connected with the zero line, and the anode end and the cathode end of the output capacitor are respectively connected with the thyristor T1Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)2Is connected to form a first charging loop; anode terminal of thyristor T2Connected to the neutral line, diode D1The cathode end of the output capacitor is connected with the live wire, and the anode end and the cathode end of the output capacitor are respectively connected with the thyristor T2Cathode terminal of (2), diode (D)1Is connected to form a second charging loop; thyristor T1And thyristor T2Are respectively connected with respective driving circuits and simultaneously receive control signals of the digital control chip; thyristor T1The driving circuit obtains a conduction driving voltage from a live wire, and the thyristor T2The drive circuit obtains a conduction drive voltage from the zero line.
5. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the switch circuit in the drive circuit adopts an optical coupling isolator.
6. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the voltage division circuit adopts two resistors connected in series, and the gate terminal of the thyristor is connected between the two resistors.
7. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1 or 4, wherein: the cathode terminal of the thyristor passes through diode D5Connected to the positive terminal of the output capacitor, diode D5The anode terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the cathode terminal of the thyristor, and the cathode terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the anode terminal of the output capacitor.
8. The inrush current suppression circuit of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises an input voltage detection module, a digital control chip and a control module, wherein the input voltage detection module is used for detecting the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage in real time and sending the phase and amplitude to the digital control chip; and the digital control chip judges whether the on-time point is reached according to the phase and amplitude of the input alternating voltage detected in real time.
9. An inrush current suppression method, characterized in that: by using the inrush current suppression circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, under the action of the pulse-type charging control program, the charging circuit charges the output capacitor at each on-time point of the thyristor, and in a single charging process, as the voltage of the output capacitor increases and the absolute value of the input ac voltage decreases, the voltage of the cathode of the thyristor is greater than the voltage of the anode, the thyristor is turned off, the charging circuit disconnects charging, the voltage of the output capacitor increases to the absolute value of the current input ac voltage, and the single charging is completed; the absolute value of the input alternating voltage is gradually increased along with the sequence of the conduction time points, so that the voltage of the output capacitor can be gradually increased to the maximum amplitude of the input alternating voltage.
10. The inrush current suppression method according to claim 9, wherein: the charging time and the charging current are adjusted by adjusting the voltage stepping amplitude: the larger the voltage stepping amplitude is, the shorter the charging time is, and the larger the charging current is; the smaller the voltage step amplitude, the longer the charging time, while the smaller the charging current.
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