CN111342015B - High-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111342015B
CN111342015B CN202010152179.8A CN202010152179A CN111342015B CN 111342015 B CN111342015 B CN 111342015B CN 202010152179 A CN202010152179 A CN 202010152179A CN 111342015 B CN111342015 B CN 111342015B
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sintering
iron phosphate
lithium iron
mixing
compaction
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张小健
李坤
薛兵
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Hefei Gotion High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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Hefei Guoxuan High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is simple and low in cost, and the prepared lithium iron phosphate is high in compacted density and low in resistivity, so that powerful support is provided for improving the processing performance of the battery cell, particularly the energy density and multiplying charging and discharging aspects.

Description

High-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are used in various electronic devices due to their advantages of high energy density, fast charge and discharge speed, long cycle life, etc. With the development of society and the rise of the new energy automobile field, the improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery is a necessary result in the market. The search for higher specific capacity active materials has been a hotspot and research direction within the industry.
The lithium iron phosphate has received wide attention from people due to the characteristics of good cycle performance, high safety, low price, environmental friendliness and the like, and becomes one of the most mainstream positive electrode materials of the power lithium ion battery in the market at present. However, lithium iron phosphate also has the following disadvantages: lithium iron phosphate generally requires carbon coating treatment due to its poor electrical conductivity. However, in the post-treatment process of the carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate, part of the carbon coated on the surface of the lithium iron phosphate is inevitably peeled off. Especially, in order to shorten the lithium ion transmission channel and improve the electrical property, the granularity of the lithium iron phosphate finished product is controlled at a nanometer level at present. This requires higher crushing strength, which in turn leads to more severe carbon stripping, which in turn leads to more fine lithium iron phosphate powder, lower compaction, lower conductivity and lower energy density of the subsequent cell. .
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring iron phosphate, a carbon source, a lithium source and a solvent uniformly, grinding to obtain mixed slurry, and drying the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in an inert atmosphere to obtain a primary sintered material;
s3, mixing the primary sintering material with PVDF, and sintering in an inert atmosphere to obtain a secondary sintering material;
and S4, carrying out grading crushing and demagnetizing on the secondary sintering material to obtain the material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the iron phosphate, the carbon source and the lithium source is 1 (0.1-0.12) to 0.2-0.3; the solid content of the mixed slurry is 45-50%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the primary sintering material to PVDF is 1 (0.05-0.07).
Preferably, the carbon source is glucose, sucrose, citric acid or phenolic resin; the lithium source is lithium carbonate; the solvent is deionized water.
Preferably, the carbon content of the primary sintering material is 1.4-1.7%; the carbon content of the secondary sintering material is 1.3-1.6%.
Preferably, in the step S2, the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 760-780 ℃, and the sintering time is 20-24 h; in the step S3, the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 300-350 ℃, and the sintering time is 6-8 h.
Preferably, in step S1, the specific method of grinding is: coarse grinding to granularity of 1.0-2.0 μm, and fine grinding to granularity of 0.4-0.6 μm; preferably, the coarse grinding is carried out in a stirred mill, using zirconium balls with a diameter of 0.5-0.6mm as grinding medium, and the fine grinding is carried out in a sand mill, using zirconium balls with a diameter of 0.2-0.4mm as grinding medium.
Preferably, in the step S1, the drying method is spray drying.
Preferably, in the step S1, the rotation speed of mixing and stirring is 150-.
Preferably, in step S3, the specific method of mixing is: mixing at 400-500r/min for 20-60s, and then mixing at 800-900r/min for 30-60 min.
Preferably, in the step S4, in the step S4, airflow milling is adopted for graded crushing, a gas source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120-140 ℃, the crushing pressure is 0.4-0.6Mpa, and the grading frequency is 20-35 Hz; the granularity of the materials after the grading pulverization is 0.8-1.5 μm.
Preferably, in step S4, an electromagnetic iron remover is used for the demagnetization.
The high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the high bonding force of PVDF to enable the lithium iron phosphate crystals to be combined more tightly, effectively solves the instability of lithium iron phosphate carbon coating, and particularly can solve the problems of low compaction, poor conductivity and the like caused by carbon stripping in the post-treatment process. The lithium iron phosphate material prepared by the method has higher compaction density, lower specific surface area and excellent resistivity, and provides powerful support for the subsequent processing performance of the battery cell, especially the improvement of energy density and the double charge and discharge aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of lithium iron phosphate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring 10kg of iron phosphate, 0.1kg of glucose, 2.5kg of lithium carbonate and 15.4kg of deionized water at the speed of 150r/min for 2h, then firstly, in a stirring mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.5mm as a grinding medium, carrying out coarse grinding until the granularity is 1.0 mu m, then, in a sand mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.2mm as a grinding medium, carrying out fine grinding until the granularity is 0.4 mu m to obtain mixed slurry, and carrying out spray drying on the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in a box furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 760 ℃, and the sintering time is 20 hours, so as to obtain a primary sintered material, wherein the carbon content of the primary sintered material is 1.55%;
s3, mixing the primary sintering material and PVDF at 450r/min for 30S, then mixing at 850r/min for 30min, wherein the mass ratio of the primary sintering material to the PVDF is 1:0.05, then sintering in a box furnace under the nitrogen atmosphere, the oxygen content of sintering is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 300 ℃, and the sintering time is 6h, so that a secondary sintering material is obtained, wherein the carbon content of the secondary sintering material is 1.5%;
and S4, crushing the secondary sintering material in a grading way by using a jet mill, wherein the gas source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120 ℃, the crushing pressure is 0.4Mpa, the grading frequency is 25Hz, the granularity of the crushed material in the grading way is 1.0 mu m, and then demagnetizing by using an electromagnetic iron remover to obtain the material.
Example 2
A preparation method of high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring 10kg of iron phosphate, 0.12kg of glucose, 2.5kg of lithium carbonate and 15.4kg of deionized water at the speed of 150r/min for 2h, then firstly, in a stirring mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.5mm as a grinding medium, carrying out coarse grinding until the particle size is 2.0 mu m, then, in a sand mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.2mm as a grinding medium, carrying out fine grinding until the particle size is 0.6 mu m to obtain mixed slurry, and carrying out spray drying on the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in an inert atmosphere, wherein the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 780 ℃, and the sintering time is 20 hours to obtain a primary sintered material, and the carbon content of the primary sintered material is 1.5%;
s3, mixing the primary sintering material and PVDF at 500r/min for 60S, then mixing at 900r/min for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the primary sintering material to the PVDF is 1:0.07, then sintering in an inert atmosphere, the oxygen content of sintering is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, and the sintering time is 8h, so that a secondary sintering material is obtained, and the carbon content of the secondary sintering material is 1.45%;
and S4, carrying out graded crushing on the secondary sintering material by using a jet mill, wherein the gas source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 140 ℃, the crushing pressure is 0.5Mpa, the grading frequency is 30Hz, and the granularity of the material after graded crushing is 0.91 mu m, and then demagnetizing by using an electromagnetic iron remover to obtain the material.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring 10kg of iron phosphate, 0.1kg of glucose, 2.5kg of lithium carbonate and 15.4kg of deionized water at the speed of 150r/min for 2h, then roughly grinding to the particle size of 1.0 mu m by taking a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.5mm as a grinding medium in a stirring mill, then finely grinding to the particle size of 0.4 mu m by taking a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.2mm as a grinding medium in a sand mill to obtain mixed slurry, and spray-drying the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in a box furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 760 ℃, and the sintering time is 20 hours, so as to obtain a primary sintered material, wherein the carbon content of the primary sintered material is 1.55%;
s3, crushing the primary sintering material in a grading way by using a jet mill, wherein the gas source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120 ℃, the crushing pressure is 0.4Mpa, the grading frequency is 25Hz, the granularity of the crushed material in the grading way is 0.98 mu m, and then demagnetizing by using an electromagnetic iron remover to obtain the material.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring 10kg of iron phosphate, 0.12kg of glucose, 2.5kg of lithium carbonate and 15.4kg of deionized water at the speed of 150r/min for 2h, then firstly, in a stirring mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.5mm as a grinding medium, carrying out coarse grinding until the particle size is 2.0 mu m, then, in a sand mill, using a zirconium ball with the diameter of 0.2mm as a grinding medium, carrying out fine grinding until the particle size is 0.6 mu m to obtain mixed slurry, and carrying out spray drying on the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in an inert atmosphere, wherein the sintered oxygen content is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 780 ℃, and the sintering time is 20 hours to obtain a primary sintered material, and the carbon content of the primary sintered material is 1.5%;
s3, crushing the primary sintering material in a grading way by using a jet mill, wherein the gas source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 140 ℃, the crushing pressure is 0.5Mpa, the grading frequency is 30Hz, the granularity of the crushed material in the grading way is 0.90 mu m, and then demagnetizing by using an electromagnetic iron remover to obtain the material.
The lithium iron phosphate prepared in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a performance test, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1 lithium iron phosphate performance test results
Figure BDA0002402847050000061
As can be seen from table 1, the lithium iron phosphate prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention has a more stable carbon content due to PVDF coating and sintering, and has a small difference in gram capacity from the lithium iron phosphate which is not coated in comparative examples 1 and 2, but shows a higher compaction density, a lower specific surface area and an excellent resistivity, so as to provide a powerful support for the improvement of the processability, especially the energy density, of the subsequent battery cell and the double charge and discharge aspect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing and stirring iron phosphate, a carbon source, a lithium source and a solvent uniformly, grinding to obtain mixed slurry, and drying the mixed slurry to obtain a dried material;
s2, sintering the dried material in an inert atmosphere to obtain a primary sintered material; the carbon content of the primary sintering material is 1.4-1.7%; the oxygen content of sintering is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 760-780 ℃, and the sintering time is 20-24 h;
s3, mixing the primary sintering material with PVDF according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.07, and sintering in an inert atmosphere to obtain a secondary sintering material; the carbon content of the secondary sintering material is 1.3-1.6%; the oxygen content of the sintering is less than or equal to 10ppm, the sintering temperature is 300-350 ℃, and the sintering time is 6-8 h;
and S4, carrying out grading crushing and demagnetizing on the secondary sintering material to obtain the material.
2. The method for preparing the high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the iron phosphate to the carbon source to the lithium source is 1: 0.1-0.12: 0.2-0.3; the solid content of the mixed slurry is 45-50%.
3. The method for preparing high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source is glucose, sucrose, citric acid or phenolic resin; the lithium source is lithium carbonate; the solvent is deionized water.
4. The method for preparing high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the specific method for grinding is as follows: coarse grinding to a particle size of 1.0-2.0 μm, and fine grinding to a particle size of 0.4-0.6 μm.
5. The method for preparing high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the mixing method comprises: mixing at 400-500r/min for 20-60s, and then mixing at 800-900r/min for 30-60 min.
6. The method for preparing high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, airflow milling is adopted for classification milling, the air source is nitrogen, the temperature of the nitrogen is 120-140 ℃, the milling pressure is 0.4-0.6MPa, and the classification frequency is 20-35 Hz; the granularity of the materials after the grading grinding is 0.8-1.5 mu m.
7. A high-compaction low-resistance lithium iron phosphate, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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CN113428849B (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-05-06 张静 Modified lithium iron phosphate cathode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113745503A (en) * 2021-08-04 2021-12-03 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 Preparation method of high-compaction lithium iron phosphate cathode material
CN113991111B (en) * 2021-09-14 2023-08-29 陕西创普斯新能源科技有限公司 Lithium iron phosphate composite material with positive electrode lithium supplementing function and preparation method thereof

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