CN111337545B - Device and method for measuring moisture content of rapid supersaturated flue gas facing wind - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring moisture content of rapid supersaturated flue gas facing wind Download PDFInfo
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- CN111337545B CN111337545B CN201911347621.6A CN201911347621A CN111337545B CN 111337545 B CN111337545 B CN 111337545B CN 201911347621 A CN201911347621 A CN 201911347621A CN 111337545 B CN111337545 B CN 111337545B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention provides a windward rapid supersaturated smoke moisture content measuring device and a measuring method thereof.A sampler main body of the measuring device is vertical to a flue, the upper end of the sampler main body is provided with a sampler head which extends into the flue, the bottom of a straight section of the sampler head is communicated with a discharge pipeline, the end port is a sampling nozzle, two layers of metal wire meshes are arranged in the straight section, the middle part of the sampler main body is a section of straight pipe, a contact type wet smoke heater is arranged in the straight pipe, and the lower part of the sampler main body is provided with a sampler handle end; two thermocouples and two humidity-sensitive capacitors are arranged below the contact type wet flue gas heater, the relative humidity is measured by the two humidity-sensitive capacitors for mutual correction, an average value is obtained, and the absolute moisture content is calculated according to the measured average temperature and the measured average relative humidity of the flue gas. The problem of how to accurately measure the moisture content of saturated or supersaturated smoke is solved. The invention realizes constant-speed sampling and ensures that the measured smoke is consistent with the smoke in the flue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas humidity measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the moisture content of wet flue gas after partial water vapor in the flue gas is condensed.
Background
In the heat efficiency test of the condensing boiler, the moisture content of the flue gas after the last stage of heating surface needs to be accurately measured, the moisture content also needs to be measured in the measurement of the concentration of particulate matters in the flue gas emission, and the moisture content of the flue gas after partial water vapor in the flue gas is condensed needs to be accurately measured in the acceptance of some environment-friendly equipment. Because the water vapor in the flue gas is in a saturated or supersaturated state after the flue gas is condensed, when a traditional humidity measuring instrument is used, the measured relative humidity is always in a 100% state, and the real moisture content of the flue gas cannot be measured. After partial water vapor in the flue gas is condensed, the main components of the wet flue gas are dry flue gas, water vapor and liquid drops (latent heat of vaporization is released), when the humidity of the wet flue gas is measured, the liquid drops which have released the latent heat of vaporization should not enter the measuring device, if the liquid drops enter the measuring device, the condensation amount of the liquid drops is calculated less, and thus the measured water vapor content is the true flue gas humidity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for quickly measuring the moisture content of supersaturated smoke facing the wind, aiming at solving the problem of how to accurately measure the moisture content of saturated or supersaturated smoke.
The invention provides a windward rapid supersaturated smoke moisture content measuring device which comprises a sampler main body, a backrest pipe, a thermocouple, a sampler head, a sampling nozzle, a discharge pipeline, a contact type wet smoke heater and a sampler handle end, wherein the sampler main body is provided with a sampling tube; the sampler main body is vertical to the flue, a sampler head is arranged at the upper end of the sampler main body and extends into the flue, the sampler head is divided into a bending section and a flat section, the bottom of the flat section is communicated with a drainage pipeline, a port of the flat section of the sampler head is a sampling nozzle, two layers of metal wire nets are arranged in the flat section, the first layer of metal wire net is 50 meshes, the second layer of metal wire net is 100 meshes, the distance between the two layers of metal wire nets is 1-2 mm, the drainage pipeline is arranged behind the last layer of metal wire net, the middle part of the sampler main body is a straight pipe, a contact type wet flue gas heater is arranged in the straight pipe, and a sampler handle end is arranged at the lower part of the sampler main body; the other back pipe and the thermocouple of installing of sample thief main part, sample thief head, back pipe and thermocouple are fixed and are inserted same sampling point together, measure the flue and get into the flue gas dynamic pressure of sample thief head, two thermocouples and two moisture-sensitive electric capacity are arranged to the below of contact wet flue gas heater, arrange thermocouple and moisture-sensitive electric capacity at same measuring position, and the interval is 30mm between two moisture-sensitive electric capacity, adopt two moisture-sensitive electric capacity measurement relative humidity to rectify each other to get the average value, through flue gas average temperature, the average relative humidity of flue gas that record, calculate absolute moisture content.
Preferably, the drainage pipeline is made of SUS304 stainless steel materials, a sealing buckle is arranged at the tail end of the drainage pipeline (5), when the drainage pipeline is not used, the drainage pipeline is sealed through the sealing buckle, when the drainage pipeline is used, the sealing buckle is opened, tap water is poured in the drainage pipeline for sealing, and air is prevented from leaking into the drainage pipeline.
Preferably, the sampling nozzle is made of SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel materials.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the tube body of the head part of the sampler is 14mm, the radius of the bending section of the head part 3 of the sampler is 2.5 times of the outer diameter of the tube body, and the length of the straight section is 2 times of the outer diameter of the tube body.
Preferably, the contact type wet flue gas heater 6 is a spiral electric heating rod, an electric heating wire is arranged in a pipe of the electric heating rod, and the surface of the electric heating rod is coated with an insulating material.
Preferably, the insulating material is magnesium oxide powder.
Preferably, the wet flue gas heater of contact is formed by the staggered arrangement of the electric heating rod that the diameter is 10mm and diameter is 5mm, adopts the spiral mode to arrange, and the flue gas is heated rapidly through the heating rod, has both played the effect of flue gas vortex, plays the effect of even heating in the opium pipe again.
Preferably, the diameter of the spiral coil of the electric heating rod is 5 mm-10 mm, the electric heating rod is not contacted with the pipe wall, 2-4 layers of spiral coils are arranged, and the power of the electric heating rod is 1000-2000 kW.
Preferably, the sampling device body is made of SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel materials, the inner diameter of the pipe body is 14mm, the outer part of the pipe body is made of heat insulation materials, personnel can be prevented from being scalded, and the length of the sampling device body is 1.2 m-1.8 m.
A measuring method of the windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring device specifically comprises the following steps:
flue gas enters a sampling nozzle 4 in the windward direction, two layers of metal wire meshes are arranged in the horizontal section of a sampler head 3, the first layer of flue gas continuously advances from the horizontal section and enters an ascending channel, water drops filtered by the metal wire meshes and water drops separated from the flue gas due to gravity can fall down and are discharged through a discharge pipeline 5, the flue gas returned from the ascending channel is directly contacted with a contact type wet flue gas heater 6, water vapor in the flue gas is rapidly heated by the contact type wet flue gas heater 6, so that saturated or supersaturated flue gas absorbs heat, the temperature of the flue gas reaches about 100 ℃, the flue gas reaches an unsaturated state, and a humidity-sensitive capacitor is adopted to measure the relative humidity after the flue gas reaches the unsaturated state;
taking the heated flue gas as ideal mixed gas, measuring and obtaining the temperature t and the total pressure p of the wet flue gas at the moment, inquiring a water and water vapor table according to the temperature t and the total pressure p of the flue gas at the moment, obtaining the partial pressure ps of water vapor in the saturated wet flue gas at the moment, and using a formula
The moisture content of the wet flue gas is calculated and obtained, and the unit of the moisture content is kg (water vapor)/kg (dry flue gas).
Compared with the prior art, the device for measuring the moisture content of the rapid supersaturated flue gas facing the wind has the advantages that:
1. in order to accurately measure the vapor content in saturated or supersaturated smoke, the invention adopts a windward mode and utilizes the constant-speed sampling principle to determine the air extraction speed.
2. When the temperature and the humidity of the condensed flue gas are measured, the requirement on the stabilization time is relatively short in the using process.
3. The device of the invention uses a constant-speed sampling method for particulate matters, namely the sampling speed (the flow rate of flue gas entering a sampling nozzle) is equal to the flow rate of flue gas at a sampling point, and the measurement error is caused when the sampling speed is higher or lower than the sampling point speed.
4. The invention solves the problem that the moisture content of saturated or unsaturated flue gas can not be accurately measured, realizes constant-speed sampling compared with other unsaturated flue gas moisture content measuring devices, and ensures that the measured flue gas is consistent with the flue gas in a flue; in addition, the double-layer wire mesh is added at the inlet of the sampler, so that liquid drops which release latent heat of vaporization in the flue gas are filtered, and meanwhile, the liquid drops following the flue gas in the rising process are further separated by utilizing the inertial separation principle, so that the influence of the liquid drops on the moisture content measurement is avoided, and the measurement precision is improved; the sampling device adopts the spiral electric heating rod with variable bending diameter to directly heat the wet flue gas, so that the stabilization time is obviously shortened compared with other devices for heating the flue gas by radiation, and conditions are provided for on-site and on-line measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a rapid supersaturated smoke moisture content measurement device facing the wind according to the present invention;
fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of the moisture content measuring device for rapid supersaturated flue gas facing the wind according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a rapid supersaturated smoke moisture content measurement device facing the wind according to the invention;
in the figure: 1-backrest tube, 2-thermocouple, 3-sampler head, 4-sampling nozzle, 5-discharge tube, 6-contact wet flue gas heater, 7-flue, 8-flue gas inflow and 9-sampler handle end.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the first specific implementation way is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring device comprises a sampler main body, a backrest pipe 1, a thermocouple 2, a sampler head 3, a sampling nozzle 4, a discharge pipeline 5, a contact type wet flue gas heater 6 and a sampler handle end 9; the sampler main body is vertical to a flue 7, a sampler head 3 is arranged at the upper end of the sampler main body, the sampler head 3 extends into the flue 7, the sampler head 3 is divided into a bending section and a flat section, the bottom of the flat section is communicated with a drainage pipeline 5, the port of the flat section of the sampler head 3 is a sampling nozzle 4, two layers of metal wire nets are arranged in the flat section, the first layer of metal wire net is 50 meshes, the second layer of metal wire net is 100 meshes, the distance between the two layers of metal wire nets is 1-2 mm, the drainage pipeline 5 is arranged behind the last layer of metal wire net, the middle part of the sampler main body is a straight pipe, a contact type wet flue gas heater 6 is arranged in the straight pipe, and a sampler handle end 9 is arranged at the lower part of the sampler main body; the other back pipe 1 and the thermocouple 2 of installing of sample thief main part, sample thief head 3, back pipe 1 and thermocouple 2 are fixed and are inserted same sampling point together, measure flue 7 and the flue gas dynamic pressure that gets into sample thief head 3, two thermocouples and two moisture-sensitive electric capacity are arranged to contact wet flue gas heater 6's below, arrange thermocouple and moisture-sensitive electric capacity at same measuring position, and the interval is 30mm between two moisture-sensitive electric capacity, adopt two moisture-sensitive electric capacity measurement relative humidity to rectify each other to get the average value, through flue gas average temperature, the average relative humidity of flue gas that record, calculate absolute moisture content.
The purpose that the wire mesh used is to prevent small liquid drops from entering the flue gas heating section, the first layer is a large-diameter wire mesh, large-particle liquid drops are filtered, the mesh number of the second layer is 2 times that of the first layer, the purpose is to filter liquid drops with smaller diameters, the liquid drops are filtered on the wire mesh, one part of separated water drops flow into the drainage pipeline 5, and the other part of separated water drops fall into the flue 7.
The head 3 of the sampler, the backrest tube 1 and the thermocouple 2 are fixed together and inserted into the same sampling point, the dynamic pressure of the flue 7 and the smoke entering the head 3 of the sampler is measured, and the constant-speed sampling of the smoke is realized through the equal dynamic pressure. The backrest pipe 1 is a sampling device for measuring dynamic pressure of smoke, the backrest pipe 1 is connected with a pressure gauge to measure dynamic pressure, and constant-speed sampling is realized by measuring the dynamic pressure of the smoke and the dynamic pressure of a flue to be equal.
The blowdown pipeline 5 adopts SUS304 stainless steel material, and the end of blowdown pipeline 5 sets up sealed buckle, and the blowdown pipeline end is the U type, and U type pipe is higher than blowdown pipeline end 25mm, when not using, seals with sealed buckle, and during the use, opens sealed buckle, pours into the running water, seals, prevents that the air from leaking into the blowdown pipeline. The drain conduit 5 is a separate conduit which acts to drain liquid water from the sampler head 3.
The sampling nozzle 4 is made of SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel materials, and the sampling device body is a part from the back of the head part 3 of the sampler to the handle end 9 of the sampler. The flue gas is pumped into the sampler device main body by an air suction pump.
The inner diameter of the tube body of the head part 3 of the sampler is 14mm, the radius of the bending section of the head part 3 of the sampler is 2.5 times of the outer diameter of the tube body, and the length of the straight section is 2 times of the outer diameter of the tube body.
The contact type wet flue gas heater 6 is a spiral electric heating rod, an electric heating wire is arranged in a pipe of the electric heating rod, and the surface of the electric heating rod is coated with an insulating material.
The insulating material is magnesium oxide powder.
Contact wet flue gas heater 6 is formed by diameter 10mm and the diameter 5 mm's of diameter electrical heating stick staggered arrangement, adopts the spiral mode to arrange, and the flue gas is heated rapidly through the heating stick, has both played the effect of flue gas vortex, plays the effect of even heating in the opium pipe again.
The diameter of the spiral coil of the electric heating rod is 5-10 mm, the spiral coil does not contact with the pipe wall, 2-4 layers of spiral coils are arranged, and the power of the electric heating rod is 1000-2000 kW. Through quick contact heating for the flue gas reaches unsaturated condition from saturation or oversaturation state fast, provides the condition for subsequent relative humidity measures.
The sampling device main part adopts SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel material, and the internal diameter of body is 14mm, and the outside adopts heat insulating material, prevents to scald the personnel, sampling device main part length is 1.2m ~ 1.8m.
The whole saturated or supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring system is an automatic acquisition system, the acquisition system comprises the steps of extracting flue gas temperature, collecting dynamic pressure, collecting the relative humidity of heated flue gas and collecting the temperature of the heated flue gas, the data processing unit comprises a signal analysis module, a transceiving module, a single chip microcomputer, a data processing module and the like, and the data collected by the modules directly display the pressure, the temperature and the moisture content (absolute) of the flue gas in a flue through a display.
The specific operation process and the working principle of the windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring device are as follows:
flue gas windward enters the sampling nozzle 4, enters the sampling device main body, two layers of metal wire nets are arranged in the horizontal pipe, the first layer of flue gas continuously advances from the horizontal pipe and enters the ascending channel, water drops filtered by the metal wire nets and water drops separated from the flue gas due to gravity can fall down and are discharged through the discharge pipeline 5. The flue gas returned from the ascending channel directly contacts with the contact type wet flue gas heater 6, and the water vapor in the flue gas is rapidly heated by the contact type wet flue gas heater 6, so that the saturated or supersaturated flue gas absorbs heat, the temperature of the flue gas reaches about 100 ℃, and the flue gas reaches an unsaturated state. After the smoke reaches an unsaturated state, the relative humidity can be measured by adopting a humidity sensitive capacitor, and other measuring elements can also be adopted for measurement.
Taking the heated flue gas as ideal mixed gas, measuring and obtaining the temperature t and the total pressure p of the wet flue gas at the moment, inquiring a water and water vapor table according to the temperature t and the total pressure p of the flue gas at the moment, and obtaining the partial pressure p of water vapor in the saturated wet flue gas at the moment s Using general formulas in textbooks
The moisture content of the wet flue gas is obtained by calculation and has a unit of kg (water vapor)/kg (dry flue gas).
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring device is characterized by comprising a sampler main body, a sampler head (3), a sampling nozzle (4), a discharge pipeline (5), a contact type wet flue gas heater (6) and a sampler handle end (9);
the sampler main body is perpendicular to the flue (7), the upper end of the sampler main body is provided with a sampler head (3), the sampler head (3) extends into the flue (7), the sampler head (3) is divided into a bending section and a horizontal section, the bending section is in a semicircular shape, the bottom of the horizontal section is communicated with a drainage pipeline (5), the port of the horizontal section of the sampler head (3) is a sampling nozzle (4), two layers of metal wire nets are arranged in the horizontal section, the first layer of metal wire net is 50 meshes, the second layer of metal wire net is 100 meshes, the distance between the two layers of metal wire nets is 1-2 mm, and the drainage pipeline (5) is arranged behind the last layer of metal wire net,
the sampler main body is a straight pipe section, a contact type wet flue gas heater (6) is arranged in the straight pipe section, and a sampler handle end (9) is arranged at the lower part of the sampler main body;
two thermocouples and two humidity-sensitive capacitors are arranged below the contact type wet flue gas heater (6), the thermocouples and the humidity-sensitive capacitors are arranged at the same measuring position, the distance between the two humidity-sensitive capacitors is 30mm, the relative humidity is measured by the two humidity-sensitive capacitors to carry out mutual correction, an average value is obtained, and the absolute moisture content is calculated according to the measured average temperature and the measured average relative humidity of the flue gas;
the contact type wet flue gas heater (6) is a spiral electric heating rod, an electric heating wire is arranged in a pipe of the electric heating rod, and the surface of the electric heating rod is coated with an insulating material.
2. The windward rapid supersaturated smoke moisture content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the drainage pipeline (5) is made of SUS304 stainless steel material, the end of the drainage pipeline (5) is provided with a sealing buckle, when not in use, the sealing buckle is used for sealing, when in use, the sealing buckle is opened, tap water is poured in, and sealing is carried out to prevent air from leaking into the drainage pipeline.
3. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sampling nozzle (4) is made of SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel material.
4. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the inside diameter of the pipe body of the sampler head (3) is 14mm, the radius of the curved section of the sampler head (3) is 2.5 times the outside diameter of the pipe body, and the length of the horizontal section is 2 times the outside diameter of the pipe body.
5. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the insulating material is magnesium oxide powder.
6. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the contact type wet flue gas heater (6) is formed by staggering electrical heating rods with the diameters of 10mm and 5mm, and is arranged in a spiral manner, so that the turbulence effect of flue gas is achieved, and the uniform heating effect in a flue pipe is achieved.
7. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the coil of the electric heating rod is 5 mm-10 mm, the coil is not in contact with the pipe wall, 2-4 layers of coils are arranged, and the power of the electric heating rod is 1000-2000 kW.
8. The windward rapid supersaturated flue gas moisture content measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sampler main body is made of SUS316 or SUS304 stainless steel, the inner diameter of the pipe body is 14mm, the outer part is made of heat insulating material to prevent personnel from being scalded, and the length of the sampler main body is 1.2 m-1.8 m.
9. The measurement method of the moisture content measurement device of the windward rapid oversaturation flue gas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
flue gas enters a sampling nozzle (4) by facing the wind, two layers of metal wire nets are arranged in a horizontal section of a sampler head (3), the first layer of flue gas continuously advances from the horizontal section and enters a bent section, water drops filtered by the metal wire nets and water drops separated from the flue gas due to gravity can fall off and are discharged through a drainage pipeline (5), the flue gas returned from the bent section is directly contacted with a contact type wet flue gas heater (6), water vapor in the flue gas is rapidly heated by the contact type wet flue gas heater (6), so that the temperature of the saturated or supersaturated flue gas reaches about 100 ℃ due to heat absorption, the flue gas reaches an unsaturated state, and the relative humidity is measured by adopting a humidity-sensitive capacitor after the flue gas reaches the unsaturated state;
taking the heated flue gas as ideal mixed gas, measuring and obtaining the temperature t and the total pressure p of the wet flue gas at the moment, inquiring a water and water vapor table according to the temperature t and the total pressure p of the flue gas at the moment, obtaining the partial pressure ps of water vapor in the saturated wet flue gas at the moment, and using a formula
The moisture content of the wet flue gas is calculated and obtained, and the unit of the moisture content is kg (water vapor)/kg (dry flue gas). />
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| CN112611611A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-06 | 南京波瑞自动化科技有限公司 | Smoke constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation function |
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