CN111337423A - Method and device for measuring friction characteristic of proppant - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring friction characteristic of proppant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for measuring friction characteristics of a propping agent, and belongs to the technical field of measuring instruments. The device comprises: the device comprises a base, a propping agent storage, a tension sensor, a linear guide rail, a sliding block, a displacement sensor, a synchronous motor and a control assembly; a propping agent storage device and a linear guide rail are fixedly arranged on the base; the linear guide rail is provided with a sliding block and a synchronous motor, and the synchronous motor is connected with the sliding block; one end of the sliding block is connected with the shale sample, and a tension sensor is arranged at the connecting position; the other end of the sliding block is connected with a displacement sensor; the control assembly is electrically connected with the synchronous motor, the tension sensor and the displacement sensor respectively. In the embodiment of the application, the synchronous motor drives the sliding block to move, so that stable dragging of the shale sample is realized, the control assembly can adjust the movement speed of the synchronous motor driving sliding block, the data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor are obtained, and then the friction characteristic of the propping agent is effectively measured.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, in particular to a method and a device for measuring friction characteristics of a propping agent.
Background
In petroleum engineering, the volume fracturing technology is a construction mode with large discharge capacity, low viscosity and low sand ratio. When volume fracturing is implemented, under the action of large-discharge slickwater, the propping agent pumped in at the later stage rolls forwards on the sand bank, so that the propping agent and the shale crack are prevented from mutual friction, and finally the propping agent on the sand bank is gradually pushed forwards. In the process that the propping agent is far away in the fracture, if the friction action of the propping agent and the shale fracture is large, the forward movement resistance of the propping agent is larger, the construction difficulty is larger, and a large amount of propping agent is accumulated near a near wellbore zone. Therefore, research needs to be carried out on the friction characteristics of the shale fractures and the proppant, and powerful experimental basis is provided for the volume fracturing technology.
The existing proppant performance evaluation method mainly refers to an experimental method in the petroleum industry standard SY/T5108-2014 'proppant performance test method for hydraulic fracturing and gravel packing operation', and a method capable of effectively evaluating the friction characteristics of shale fractures and proppants is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for measuring the friction characteristic of a propping agent. The technical scheme is as follows:
according to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a device for measuring friction characteristics of a proppant, the device comprising: the device comprises a base, a propping agent storage, a tension sensor, a linear guide rail, a sliding block, a displacement sensor, a synchronous motor and a control assembly;
the proppant storage device and the linear guide rail are fixedly arranged on the base; the proppant storage device is used for storing proppant samples; the linear guide rail is provided with the sliding block and the synchronous motor, and the synchronous motor is connected with the sliding block and used for driving the sliding block to linearly move on the linear guide rail;
one end of the sliding block is connected with a shale sample, the tension sensor is arranged at the connecting position and used for measuring the friction force between the shale sample and the proppant sample, and the shale sample is placed above the proppant sample in the proppant storage; the other end of the sliding block is connected with the displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is used for measuring the movement distance of the shale sample and the proppant sample during mutual movement;
the control assembly is respectively electrically connected with the synchronous motor, the tension sensor and the displacement sensor, and is used for controlling the synchronous motor to be started and stopped, adjusting the speed of the synchronous motor for driving the sliding block to perform linear motion, and acquiring data acquired by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor.
In an alternative embodiment, the proppant sample is tiled into the proppant reservoir;
the shale sample is artificially split to form a fracture surface, and the fracture surface is used for simulating the friction process of the proppant sample in a fracture when the shale sample and the proppant sample move mutually.
In an alternative embodiment, in the working state, weights are placed on the shale sample, and the weights are used for ensuring that when shale samples with different weights are placed above the proppant sample, the pressure on the surface of the proppant is consistent.
In an optional embodiment, one end of the sliding block is connected with the shale sample through a first connecting line, and the other end of the sliding block is connected with the displacement sensor through a second connecting line; and in the working state, the first connecting line and the second connecting line are parallel to the base.
In an alternative embodiment, the tension sensor is of the type of a one-armed bridge, a two-armed bridge or a full-armed bridge.
In an alternative embodiment, the linear guide comprises two parallel sliding rails, and the sliding rails are parallel to the base.
According to another aspect of the present application there is provided a method of measuring friction properties of a proppant, the method being for use with a device for measuring friction properties of a proppant as set forth in the preceding aspect, the method comprising:
the control component starts the synchronous motor, and the sliding block is driven by the synchronous motor to change from static to uniform motion;
the control assembly acquires data acquired by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor;
the control component determines a frictional characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the data.
In another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores at least one instruction for execution by a processor to implement a method of measuring friction properties of a proppant as described in the above aspects.
In the embodiment of the application, a device for measuring the friction characteristic of a propping agent is provided, and the device is particularly suitable for the field of propping agent performance testing. The device mainly drives the sliding block to move through the synchronous motor, and then stable dragging of the shale sample is realized; when the sliding block moves, the control assembly adjusts the speed of the synchronous motor for driving the sliding block to perform linear motion, acquires data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor, and then can effectively measure the friction characteristic of the propping agent through the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a proppant friction characteristic measurement device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a proppant friction characteristic measurement device provided in another illustrative embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the contact relationship of a shale sample with a proppant sample;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a method of measuring friction characteristics of a proppant as provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a method of measuring friction properties of a proppant as provided by another example embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Reference herein to "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a proppant friction characteristic measurement device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown. The apparatus 100 includes a base 110, a proppant storage 120, a tension sensor 130, a linear guide 140, a slider 150, a displacement sensor 160, a synchronous motor 170, and a control assembly 180.
In the present embodiment, the apparatus 100 may be used to measure the frictional properties of proppant, and the required test samples are a proppant sample 121 and a shale sample 122.
The shale sample 122 is taken from a rock core, and according to the requirements of geological exploration work or engineering, a cylindrical rock taken out from a hole is taken as the rock core by using an annular rock core drill and other coring tools, the rock core is an ore body of a solid mineral product or an ore containing the mineral product or the ore taken out from an ore bed, and the rock core is important material geological data for researching and knowing underground geology and mineral product conditions; the proppant sample 121 is natural sand or artificial high-strength ceramic particles with a certain granularity and gradation, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, high flow conductivity, low density, low breakage rate and the like.
In addition, in order to better measure the friction characteristics of the proppant by the apparatus 100, the shale sample 122 needs to be subjected to a fracturing treatment, so that the surface of the shale sample 122 becomes rough, that is, cracks exist on the surface of the shale sample 122, and then a scene that the proppant sample 121 is embedded into the cracks of the shale sample is simulated.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the apparatus 100 is used to measure the friction characteristics of the proppant, the comparative test experiment can be performed by changing the surface roughness of the shale sample 122 and the type and specification of the proppant sample 121.
Among the components included in the apparatus 100, the base 110 is used to fix other components, providing a stable frame structure for the entire apparatus 100, and the proppant storage 120 and the linear guide 140 are fixed to the base 110.
The proppant storage container 120 is used to store proppant samples 121, and in order to better place the proppant storage container 120 on the base 110 smoothly, the proppant storage container 120 may be a rectangular structure. Optionally, the proppant storage device 120 and the base 110 may be fixed or detachable. For the fixed form, the proppant storage device 120 cannot be removed from the base 110, so that the whole device 100 needs to be operated by an experimenter to replace the proppant sample 121 stored in the proppant storage device 120; in the detachable form, a contact area between the bottom of the proppant storage container 120 and the base 110 is provided for realizing a detachable component, such as a snap component or the like, and when the proppant sample 121 stored in the proppant storage container 120 needs to be replaced, the experimenter can directly detach the proppant storage container 120 from the contact area of the base 110.
The linear guide rail 140 is provided with a slide block 150 and a synchronous motor 170, the synchronous motor 170 is connected with the slide block 150, and the synchronous motor 170 is used for driving the slide block 150 to move linearly on the linear guide rail 140. Optionally, the synchronous motor 170 includes a motor, a driving gear, a driven gear, a wire wheel and a rotating shaft; optionally, the slider 150 is a rectangular block, and in order to facilitate the movement of the slider 150 on the linear guide 140, the contact area between the slider 150 and the linear guide 140 has a low roughness.
In a possible embodiment, the synchronous motor 170 is started, the motor drives the driving gear to rotate, so as to drive the driven gear to rotate, the wire wheel is connected with the driven gear through the rotating shaft, then the connection wire at the wire wheel pulls the slider 150, and the synchronous motor 170 finally drives the slider 150 to perform linear motion on the linear guide rail 140.
Optionally, a vertical column 151 is further disposed at the sliding block 150, and the vertical column 151 is in a vertical state. As shown in fig. 1, the upright 151 includes a top connection location 152 and a bottom connection location 153. The sliding block 150 is connected with the shale sample 122 through a top connection position 152 of the upright 151, one end of the sliding block 150 is connected with the shale sample 122, a tension sensor 130 is arranged at the top connection position 152, the tension sensor 130 is used for measuring the friction force between the proppant sample 121 and the shale sample 122, and the shale sample 122 is placed above the proppant sample 121 in the proppant storage 120; the sliding block 150 is connected with the displacement sensor 160 through the bottom connecting position 153 of the upright 151, and the displacement sensor 160 is used for measuring the movement distance of the proppant sample 121 and the shale sample 122 during mutual movement.
The present embodiment is not limited to the type of the displacement sensor 160 that can be used, and the displacement sensor 160 is a linear displacement sensor (i.e., an electronic ruler) for illustrative purposes. Optionally, the linear displacement sensor mainly includes a resistance slide rail, a slide sheet, an excitation unit, an external bearing and a housing, and the linear displacement sensor is used for converting a linear mechanical displacement into an electrical signal.
In one possible embodiment, the body of the linear displacement sensor is fixed at the bottom of the proppant storage 120, and different resistance values are measured by the displacement of the slide on the resistance slide. The voltage between the slide and the starting end is in direct proportion to the moving length of the slide. When the synchronous motor 170 is started, the slider 150 starts to move on the linear guide rail 140, and then drives the sliding sheet to move on the resistance sliding rail, and the exposed part of the linear displacement sensor gradually increases along with the movement of the sliding sheet.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the linear displacement sensor, the two ends of the resistance slide rail are provided with buffer strokes, if the buffer strokes are 4mm, the effective strokes are 75-500 mm; optionally, the linear displacement sensor 160 with different accuracies may be selected according to experimental requirements, for example, the accuracy is 0.05% to 0.04% FS.
The synchronous motor 170, the tension sensor 130, and the displacement sensor 160 may be used individually. In order to achieve a uniform control of the above components, the apparatus 100 is further provided with a control component 180. The control assembly 180 is electrically connected to the synchronous motor 170, the tension sensor 130 and the displacement sensor 160, and the control assembly 180 is configured to control the synchronous motor 170 to start and stop, adjust the speed at which the synchronous motor 170 drives the slider 150 to perform linear motion, and acquire data collected by the tension sensor 130 and the displacement sensor 160.
Optionally, the control component 180 may be an electronic device such as a tablet computer or a portable personal computer having the above control function, or an equipment component in the above electronic device that can implement the function of the control component 180, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
To sum up, the embodiment of the application provides a measuring device for friction characteristics of a proppant, and the device is particularly suitable for the field of proppant performance testing. The device mainly drives the sliding block to move through the synchronous motor, and then stable dragging of the shale sample is realized; when the sliding block moves, the control assembly adjusts the speed of the synchronous motor for driving the sliding block to perform linear motion, acquires data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor, and then can effectively measure the friction characteristic of the propping agent through the device.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a proppant friction characteristic measurement device 200 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown. The apparatus 100 shown in fig. 1 is further illustrated by the apparatus 200 on the basis of fig. 1.
In the actual use process of the device, the quality of the measurement result is not only related to the structural design of the device, but also related to the standard operation and use of the device. For example, a test stand that does not place the apparatus 200 in a horizontal plane is used, and for example, the proppant samples 121 are not laid evenly, and so on.
Thus, in one possible embodiment, a near-gauge proppant sample is selected and the proppant sample 121 is tiled into the proppant reservoir 120, ensuring that the proppant sample 121 is flush with the inner wall edge of the proppant reservoir 120, so that the shale sample 122 can smoothly progress as the proppant sample 121 rubs against the surface.
Schematically, as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the contact relationship between a shale sample 122 and a proppant sample 121 is shown. Wherein, the proppant sample 121 is evenly spread and can move relatively to the shale sample 122.
In addition, for the fracturing treatment of the shale sample 122, the shale sample 122 is artificially fractured to form a fracture surface, and the fracture surface is used for simulating the friction process of the proppant sample 121 in the fracture when the proppant sample 121 and the shale sample 122 move mutually.
Further, the shale sample 122 after the fracturing treatment can be scanned through a scanning electron microscope, that is, one surface of the shale sample 122 is selected, and the surface of the shale sample is scanned to determine the roughness of the fracture surface. Firstly, the fracture surface morphology of the shale sample 122 is scanned, the difference between the highest value and the lowest value and the average height is obtained, if the difference is larger, the fracture surface is rougher, and the purpose of scanning through a scanning electron microscope is to obtain the friction characteristics of different proppant samples 121 under shale samples 122 with similar roughness, or the friction characteristics of the same proppant samples 121 at shale samples 122 with different roughness.
If the current measurement scheme is to measure the friction characteristics of the same proppant sample 121 at different roughness shale samples 122, for the proppant surface of the proppant sample 121, the pressure applied to the proppant surface may be inconsistent due to the measurement experiment performed by replacing the shale samples 122 with different roughness, and the measurement result of the friction characteristics may be affected.
In order to solve the above problem, in the working state of the apparatus 200, the weight 123 is placed on the shale sample 122, and the weight 123 is used for ensuring that the pressure on the surface of the proppant is consistent when shale samples with different weights are placed above the proppant sample 121.
In one example, at the beginning of the measurement experiment, the experimenter determines the weight of the shale samples 122 with different roughness, and selects the weight 123 corresponding to each shale sample 122 according to the preset proppant surface pressure, so that the sum of the weight of each shale sample 122 and the weight 123 is equal.
As shown in fig. 1, the upright 151 includes a top connection location 152 and a bottom connection location 153. A first connecting line 201 is arranged at a top connecting position 152 of the upright column 151 and connected with the shale sample 122, that is, one end of the sliding block 150 is connected with the shale sample 122 through the first connecting line 201; a second connecting wire 202 is arranged at a bottom connecting position 153 of the upright 151 and connected with the displacement sensor 160, so that the other end of the slider 150 is connected with and separated from the displacement sensor 160 through the second connecting wire 202. In the working state, the first connecting line 201 and the second connecting line 202 are both parallel to the base 110.
Optionally, the synchronous motor 170 is connected to the column 151 of 51 by a third connecting line 203, and the third connecting line 203 is parallel to the base 110.
The principle of the tension sensor 130 is that the elastic body elastically deforms under the action of an external force, so that the resistance strain gauge adhered to the surface of the elastic body also deforms, the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes (increases or decreases) after the resistance strain gauge deforms, and the resistance change is converted into an electric signal (voltage or current) through a corresponding measuring circuit, so that the process of converting the external force into the electric signal is completed.
Optionally, the type of the tension sensor 130 is one of a single-arm bridge, a double-arm bridge, or a full-arm bridge, which is not limited in this embodiment. Wherein, only one arm in the single-arm bridge is connected to the measured object, and the other three arms adopt fixed resistors; the double-arm bridge has two arms connected to be measured and the other two arms adopt fixed resistors; the full-arm bridge has four arms which are connected to the measured object.
In addition, in fig. 2, the linear guide 140 includes two parallel sliding rails 204 (the view angle is such that the two parallel sliding rails 204 overlap), and the sliding rails are parallel to the base 110, and the two parallel sliding rails 204 are used for fixing the movement track of the proppant sample 121 and the shale sample 122 during the mutual movement, and ensuring that the movement track is a linear movement track.
Optionally, the two parallel sliding rails 204 of the base 110, the proppant storage device 120, and the linear guide 140 are made of stainless steel, but not limited thereto.
In the embodiment of the application, the shale sample is formed with the fracture surface through artifical splitting for when proppant sample and shale sample move each other, can simulate the friction process of proppant sample in the fracture, and then improve the authenticity of the measurement experiment of proppant frictional characteristic.
In the embodiment of the application, the weight is placed on the shale sample, and when the weight is used for ensuring that the shale samples with different weights are placed above the proppant sample, the pressure on the surface of the proppant is consistent, and the problem of inaccurate measurement result caused by inconsistent pressure is solved.
In the embodiment of the application, the sliding block is respectively connected with the shale sample and the displacement sensor through the first connecting wire and the second connecting wire, and the first connecting wire and the second connecting wire are parallel to the base, so that the stability of the shale sample motion process and the accuracy of the displacement sensor measurement data are guaranteed.
In the embodiment of the application, linear guide is including two parallel slide rails, and the slide rail is parallel with the base, ensures that the movement track of proppant sample and shale sample during the motion each other is the rectilinear motion orbit, improves the authenticity of the measurement experiment of proppant frictional characteristic then.
Referring to fig. 4, a flow chart of a method for measuring friction characteristics of a proppant provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown. The present embodiment is described by taking the method as an example for the device for measuring the friction characteristics of the proppant provided by the above embodiments, and the method includes:
Optionally, the control component may be an electronic device such as a tablet computer or a portable personal computer, which may implement the method for measuring the friction characteristic of the propping agent, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the application.
The control assembly comprises a display screen, and data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor can be displayed through the display screen; the display screen comprises a touch key and/or the control assembly comprises a control button, and the implementation process can be controlled and checked through the touch key or the control button.
Taking the control assembly including the control button as an example, the control button may optionally include a power button, a reset button, a speed adjustment button, and the like.
In a possible embodiment, the control unit starts the synchronous motor by the user's activation of the power button, and the speed of the synchronous motor is continuously increased from zero, so that the slide is moved from a stationary state by the synchronous motor.
For the test process, if the motion state of the slider is the variable speed motion, a certain error is generated in the measurement result, and therefore, after the control assembly starts the synchronous motor, the requirement that the slider is driven by the synchronous motor to change from static to uniform motion is also met.
Furthermore, when the motion state of the sliding block is stable, the control assembly acquires data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor, and displays the data collected by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor through a display screen contained in the control assembly.
In step 403, the control component determines the frictional characteristics between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the data.
Optionally, the friction characteristics between the shale sample and the proppant sample include static friction, dynamic friction, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of dynamic friction. Wherein, the static friction coefficient is the friction coefficient when two objects have relative motion tendency but have no relative motion, and is generally represented by the symbol mu0The static friction force can be obtained according to the contact surface pressure and the static friction coefficient of the object; the coefficient of kinetic friction is the coefficient of friction when two objects have relative motion, generally expressed by the symbol mu, and the kinetic friction force can be determined according to the contact surface pressure of the objects and the kinetic friction forceThe coefficient of friction was obtained. Generally, the coefficient of dynamic friction is slightly less than the coefficient of static friction, and is determined by the material of the object and the roughness of the surface.
In summary, in the embodiment of the application, the control assembly starts the synchronous motor, and the sliding block is driven by the synchronous motor to change from static to uniform motion, so that the problem that an error is generated in a measurement result is avoided; furthermore, the control assembly acquires data acquired by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor and determines the friction characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample according to the data, but a method for effectively evaluating the interaction relation between the shale sample and the proppant sample is not available in the related technology.
Referring to fig. 5, a flow chart of a method for measuring friction characteristics of a proppant provided by another exemplary embodiment of the present application is shown. The present embodiment is described by taking the method as an example for the device for measuring the friction characteristics of the proppant provided by the above embodiments, and the method includes:
In the process of controlling the synchronous motor by the control assembly, the synchronous motor operates at a certain rotating speed, so that the connected sliding blocks move linearly on the linear guide rail. However, in the starting stage of the synchronous motor, the rotating speed is unstable, namely the displacement speed of the sliding block on the linear guide rail is not uniform linear motion, and then the displacement speed of the shale sample on the surface of the proppant is also non-uniform; alternatively, the synchronous machine may have a deviation in the exact adjustment of the rotational speed, i.e. the rotational speed is not constant.
All of the above possible phenomena lead to inaccurate measurement results. Therefore, the control assembly needs to monitor the movement speed of the shale sample and the sliding block in real time to judge whether the current synchronous motor is in a stable operation state.
In one possible embodiment, when the displacement data of the displacement sensor indicates that the slide block moves, the control component calculates the displacement speed of the slide block according to the displacement data of the displacement sensor at the adjacent sampling time. Namely, the real-time displacement speed of the slide block can be obtained through the displacement data of the displacement sensor at the adjacent sampling moments, and then whether the current slide block moves at a constant speed or not is detected.
Further, when the displacement speed of the slider is continuously changed within the continuous sampling time, the current slider is not in uniform motion.
In one possible embodiment, the control unit adjusts the tension on the slide by controlling the rotational speed of the synchronous motor until the slide moves at a constant speed.
Optionally, please refer to step 402 for the content of this step, which is not described herein again in this embodiment of the present application.
In step 504, the control component determines a first time based on the displacement data output by the displacement sensor.
In the embodiment of the present application, the static friction force and the dynamic friction force between the shale sample and the proppant sample can be directly measured through the displacement sensor. According to the characteristics of static friction and dynamic friction, the control assembly needs to determine the data acquisition time.
As the movement of the shale sample progresses, the data available to the control assembly is sequenced into stiction followed by kinetic friction. Therefore, the control component first determines the moment at which the static friction force is acquired, denoted as the first moment. Wherein the first time is the time when the slide changes from the static state to the moving state.
In one possible embodiment, the control unit determines the first time on the basis of the displacement data output by the displacement sensor. In each embodiment of the application, the static friction refers to the maximum static friction, and according to the characteristics of the maximum static friction, the moment when the static friction is obtained is the moment when the shale sample and the proppant sample just move relatively, that is, the moment when the sliding block changes from the static state to the moving state.
In step 505, the control component determines sensor data of the pull down sensor at a first time as static friction.
Further, the first time is the time when the slide block changes from the static state to the moving state, and the static friction force obtaining condition is met, so that the control component determines the sensor data of the tension sensor at the first time as the static friction force.
In the examples of the present application, the static friction force is denoted as f0。
In step 506, the control assembly determines the static friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the combined weight of the shale sample and the weight and the static friction.
Optionally, step 506 is limited to be executed after step 505, but is not limited to be executed before step 507, that is, in this embodiment of the present application, step 506 may be executed in parallel with step 507, or in a sequential order.
The static friction coefficient can be obtained according to the contact surface pressure and the static friction force of the object. Accordingly, after the control assembly determines the sensor data of the pull-down sensor at the first time as the static friction, the static friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample may be further determined.
In the embodiment of the present application, the object contact surface pressure is the total weight of the shale sample and the weight, and is denoted as N. The total gravity (N), the static friction (f) of the shale sample and the weight0) And coefficient of static friction (μ)0) The relationship between can be expressed as f0＝μ0N。
Therefore, in one possible embodiment, after the control component determines the sensor data of the tension sensor at the first moment as the static friction force, the static friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample can be further determined according to the total weight of the shale sample and the weight and the static friction force. The acquiring of the total gravity of the shale sample and the weight may be performed in step 506, or may be performed before step 506, or may be data pre-stored in the control component.
And 507, the control component determines a second moment according to the displacement data output by the displacement sensor.
Likewise, the control assembly needs to determine the moment at which the kinetic friction force is captured. As the movement of the shale sample progresses, the data available to the control assembly is sequenced into stiction followed by kinetic friction. Therefore, the control component may determine the time of acquiring the kinetic friction force immediately after determining the time of acquiring the static friction force, and the time is referred to as a second time. And the second moment is the moment when the sliding block moves at a constant speed.
In one possible embodiment, the control unit determines the second point in time from the displacement data output by the displacement sensor. And at the second moment, the sliding block moves at a constant speed, so that the connected shale sample also moves at a constant speed on the surface of the proppant, and the condition of acquiring the kinetic friction force is met. When the variation degree of the displacement data output by the displacement sensor is in an unchanged state, the sliding block moves at a constant speed.
In step 508, the control component determines the sensor data of the pull-down force sensor at the second time as the kinetic friction force.
Further, the second moment is the moment when the sliding block moves at a constant speed, and the acquisition condition of the dynamic friction force is met, so that the control assembly determines the sensor data of the pull-down force sensor at the second moment as the dynamic friction force. It should be noted that during the uniform motion of the sliding block, the kinetic friction force between the shale sample and the proppant sample is not changed, and therefore, the second time refers to any time when the sliding block moves at a uniform speed.
In the present embodiment, the kinetic friction force is denoted as f.
In step 509, the control component determines the kinetic friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the total gravity and the kinetic friction.
The coefficient of dynamic friction can be obtained from the contact surface pressure and the dynamic friction force of the object. Accordingly, after the control component determines the sensor data of the pull-down force sensor at the second time as the kinetic friction force, the kinetic friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample may be further determined.
The relationship between the total gravity (N), the kinetic friction force (f), and the kinetic friction coefficient (μ) can be expressed as f ═ μ N.
Therefore, in a possible embodiment, after the control component determines the sensor data of the pull-down force sensor at the second time as the kinetic friction force, the kinetic friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample can be further determined according to the total weight of the shale sample and the weight and the kinetic friction force.
In step 510, the control component determines a static coefficient of friction and a dynamic coefficient of friction based on unit roughness based on the roughness of the shale sample and the proppant surface.
In addition, among the factors that influence the coefficient of friction, the roughness of the shale sample surface is included in addition to the characteristics of the proppant sample. Therefore, in order to obtain more widely representative friction characteristics of a certain propping agent, the embodiment of the present application further includes obtaining the roughness of the surface of the shale sample and the propping agent, and the roughness is denoted as P.
In one possible embodiment, the control component determines the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient based on unit roughness according to the roughness of the surface of the shale sample and the proppant. Wherein the control component expresses the static friction coefficient ratio upper roughness, i.e. the static friction coefficient of the proppant sample and the shale sample at unit roughness, as mu0(ii) P; correspondingly, the control component may express the kinetic friction coefficient to the upper roughness, i.e., the kinetic friction coefficient of the proppant sample versus the shale sample at unit roughness, as μ/P. Therefore, based on the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient per unit roughness, the problem of different friction coefficients due to different roughness can be avoided.
In the embodiment of the application, the control assembly adjusts the tension on the sliding block by controlling the synchronous motor until the sliding block moves at a constant speed, so that the problem of inaccurate measurement result caused by the fact that the sliding block moves at a non-constant speed is solved; further, the control assembly determines a first time and a second time according to the displacement data output by the displacement sensor, and then acquires the acquisition time of the static friction force and the dynamic friction force so as to realize the direct acquisition of the static friction force and the dynamic friction force; in addition, the control assembly can further determine the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient according to the static friction force, the dynamic friction force and the total weight of the shale sample and the weight, and then the friction coefficient is divided by the roughness, namely the friction coefficient of the proppant sample and the shale sample under the unit roughness can avoid the problem of different friction coefficients caused by different roughness. By the method for measuring the friction characteristic of the proppant, the friction characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample can be effectively determined, and powerful experimental support is provided for volume fracturing construction design and well entering material optimization.
The present embodiments also provide a computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for measuring friction characteristics of a proppant as described in the above embodiments.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring friction characteristics of a proppant, said device comprising: the device comprises a base, a propping agent storage, a tension sensor, a linear guide rail, a sliding block, a displacement sensor, a synchronous motor and a control assembly;
the proppant storage device and the linear guide rail are fixedly arranged on the base; the proppant storage device is used for storing proppant samples; the linear guide rail is provided with the sliding block and the synchronous motor, and the synchronous motor is connected with the sliding block and used for driving the sliding block to linearly move on the linear guide rail;
one end of the sliding block is connected with a shale sample, the tension sensor is arranged at the connecting position and used for measuring the friction force between the shale sample and the proppant sample, and the shale sample is placed above the proppant sample in the proppant storage; the other end of the sliding block is connected with the displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is used for measuring the movement distance of the shale sample and the proppant sample during mutual movement;
the control assembly is respectively electrically connected with the synchronous motor, the tension sensor and the displacement sensor, and is used for controlling the synchronous motor to be started and stopped, adjusting the speed of the synchronous motor for driving the sliding block to perform linear motion, and acquiring data acquired by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the proppant sample is tiled into the proppant reservoir;
the shale sample is artificially split to form a fracture surface, and the fracture surface is used for simulating the friction process of the proppant sample in a fracture when the shale sample and the proppant sample move mutually.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein in the operating state, weights are placed on the shale sample, and the weights are used to ensure that the pressure on the surface of the proppant is consistent when shale samples of different weights are placed above the proppant sample.
4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one end of the sliding block is connected with the shale sample through a first connecting line, and the other end of the sliding block is connected with the displacement sensor through a second connecting line; and in the working state, the first connecting line and the second connecting line are parallel to the base.
5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tension sensor is of the type of a single arm bridge, a double arm bridge or a full arm bridge.
6. The device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the linear guide comprises two parallel rails, and the rails are parallel to the base.
7. A method for measuring frictional properties of a proppant, the method being used in the apparatus for measuring frictional properties of a proppant as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising:
the control component starts the synchronous motor, and the sliding block is driven by the synchronous motor to change from static to uniform motion;
the control assembly acquires data acquired by the tension sensor and the displacement sensor;
the control component determines a frictional characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the data.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the control component determines from the data a frictional characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample comprising:
the control component determines a first moment according to the displacement data output by the displacement sensor, wherein the first moment is the moment when the sliding block is changed from a static state to a moving state; the control component determines the sensor data of the tension sensor at the first moment as static friction force;
the control component determines a second moment according to the displacement data output by the displacement sensor, wherein the second moment is the moment when the sliding block moves at a constant speed; the control component determines the sensor data of the tension sensor at the second moment as the kinetic friction force.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control component determines a friction characteristic between the shale sample and the proppant sample based on the data, further comprising:
the control component determines the static friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample according to the total weight of the shale sample and the weight and the static friction force, wherein the weight is used for ensuring that the pressure on the surface of the proppant is consistent when shale samples with different weights are placed above the proppant sample;
the control component determines a dynamic friction coefficient between the shale sample and the proppant sample according to the total gravity and the dynamic friction force;
the control component determines the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient based on unit roughness according to the roughness of the shale sample and the surface of the proppant.
10. The method of any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the control assembly activates the synchronous machine, comprising:
when the displacement data of the displacement sensor indicates that the sliding block moves, the control component calculates the displacement speed of the sliding block according to the displacement data of the displacement sensor at the adjacent sampling time;
the control assembly adjusts the pulling force on the sliding block by controlling the synchronous motor until the sliding block moves at a constant speed.
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Application publication date: 20200626 |