CN111336510B - Porous medium combustion and fuel cell multistage coupling energy system - Google Patents
Porous medium combustion and fuel cell multistage coupling energy system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/12—Radiant burners
- F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous medium combustion and fuel cell multistage coupling energy system.A low-calorific-value gas supply system and an air supply system are simultaneously connected to a proportional mixer and are sequentially connected with a porous medium combustion unit, a variable frequency fan, a waste heat boiler, an energy storage water tank, a gas separation system and a fuel cell; the waste heat boiler is connected with the steam turbine and the heat supply pipe sleeve to respectively generate power and preheat low-calorific-value gas; the energy storage water tank is connected with the water separator and the water-cooling heat exchanger to respectively supply heat and preheat; the water-cooled heat exchanger is connected with the water separator and the heat supply pipe sleeve for heating and preheating; the water collector is connected to the circulating water pump to provide cold water for the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank and the water-cooled heat exchanger; the waste gas treatment chamber is used for treating waste gas generated by combustion; and the intelligent control terminal controls the gas conveying operation of the whole system. The invention can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and obtain the conversion of clean energy, thereby realizing the clean production and utilization of coal mine gas and promoting the green cycle development of economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-heating-value gas energy utilization systems, in particular to a porous medium combustion and fuel cell multistage coupling energy system.
Background
The development of fuel cell technology has rapidly increased the demand for new pollution-free energy sources such as hydrogen. More than 70% of gas extracted from coal mines is low-concentration gas (the volume concentration of methane is less than 30%), namely methane with the equivalence ratio of less than 4, and is not beneficial to storage and utilization. The emission to the atmosphere causes huge energy waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, the low-concentration coal mine gas is used for the hydrogen production by partial oxidation reforming of the porous medium, thereby not only effectively solving coal mine gas accidents and improving the safe production conditions of the coal mine, but also being beneficial to increasing the supply of hydrogen energy and reducing the emission of greenhouse gas, and achieving the multiple aims of protecting life, resources and environment.
At present, energy resources are extremely deficient, the realization of energy multi-level utilization is an important measure for energy conservation, for example, in the construction of cogeneration, a thermal power plant mainly using coal is rapidly developed to a gas thermoelectric triple-generation thermal power plant, meanwhile, a porous medium combustion hydrogen production technology is gradually developed, and the multi-level energy utilization combined with a fuel cell is not realized. The stepped energy utilization system is a novel energy system, and compared with the conventional energy system, the stepped energy utilization system is higher in energy conversion efficiency, more sufficient in utilization, green and pollution-free.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a safe, efficient and zero-emission multistage energy utilization system with porous medium combustion and fuel cell coupling.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the multi-stage coupling energy system for the porous medium combustion and the fuel cell comprises a low-calorific-value gas supply system, an air supply system, a porous medium combustion unit, a waste heat boiler, an energy storage water tank, a circulating water pump, a gas separation system, the fuel cell and a waste gas treatment chamber;
the low-calorific-value gas supply system and the air supply system are respectively connected with the front end of the proportional mixer, the rear end of the proportional mixer is connected to the porous medium combustion unit, the rear end of the porous medium combustor is sequentially connected with the variable frequency fan, the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank, the gas separation system and the fuel cell through gas pipes,
the fuel cell is provided with a water-cooling heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the circulating water pump is connected to the water collector, and the other end of the circulating water pump is connected to the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank and the water-cooling heat exchanger to provide cold water for the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank and the water-cooling heat exchanger.
Furthermore, a first heat supply sleeve is arranged on the gas pipe between the proportional mixer and the porous medium combustion unit, and a second heat supply sleeve is arranged on the oxygen gas pipe at the fuel cell end.
Furthermore, the flue gas in the waste heat boiler transfers heat to cold water of the waste heat boiler to generate steam, the steam is conveyed to a steam turbine for power generation, the generated electric quantity is conveyed to a power grid, and meanwhile, the steam is conveyed to the first heat supply pipe sleeve to preheat low-calorific-value gas entering the porous medium combustion unit.
Furthermore, the smoke inside the energy storage water tank transfers heat to cold water in the energy storage water tank to generate hot water and steam, the hot water is conveyed to a first water divider, the first water divider is connected to a user heating channel, the steam is conveyed to a water-cooling exchanger to preheat a fuel cell, the hot water generated by the water-cooling exchanger is conveyed to a second water divider, the second water divider is connected to the user heating channel, and the generated steam is conveyed to the second heat supply pipe sleeve.
Further, gas separation system includes I room and II rooms, be equipped with drying device in the I room, be equipped with the hydrogen separation membrane between I room and the II rooms, II rooms of gas separation system are connected to fuel cell's positive pole air inlet through the gas-supply pipe, and I rooms of gas separation system are connected to the exhaust-gas treatment room through the gas-supply pipe.
Further, the waste gas treatment chamber comprises a reaction module, a denitration module and a carbon dioxide gas storage module, an anode gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the reaction module of the waste gas treatment chamber, water vapor, oxygen and carbon monoxide generated in the fuel cell are reacted by the reaction module to generate carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide gas storage module, and the carbon dioxide gas storage module is connected with a hydrogen conveying pipeline at the gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit.
Further, the porous medium combustion unit is formed by connecting 1-6 porous medium combustors in parallel, and low-temperature heat of the porous medium combustors can be mutually preheated.
Furthermore, a flame arrester is arranged on a gas pipe at the rear end of the porous medium combustion unit, and the flame arrester is arranged between the porous medium combustion unit and the variable frequency fan.
Furthermore, s-shaped heat exchange gas pipes are arranged in the preheating boiler and the energy storage water tank and are positioned inside the liquid of the waste heat boiler and the energy storage water tank.
Further, still include intelligent control terminal, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator, second accuse temperature regulator and gas concentration detector, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator sets up on energy storage water tank, and gas concentration detector sets up on the gas-supply pipe between energy storage water tank and gas separation system, second intelligence accuse temperature regulator sets up on the water-cooling interchanger, and intelligent control terminal is connected with proportioner, gas concentration detector, exhaust-gas treatment room respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the low-calorific-value gas multi-stage energy utilization system capable of meeting the requirements of heating, power generation and hydrogen production has a wide fuel utilization range, is suitable for low-calorific-value gases with various concentrations, and comprises resource utilization of coal mine gas extraction gas concentration of less than 30%. On one hand, the energy utilization system realizes the multi-stage utilization of waste heat, supplies heat, generates electricity and preheats gas for users, and has higher energy utilization efficiency; on the other hand, the porous medium enables various products of the porous medium combustor to be completely utilized, and finally, the treated waste gas is converted into carbon dioxide to be used as protective gas, so that the safety and reliability of the whole system are met, and the purpose of zero emission is achieved. The whole system also utilizes the Internet and thinking, and adopts the intelligent terminal to carry out real-time control on gas delivery, so that the energy utilization effect is maximized. The conversion of clean energy is obtained while the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, the clean production and utilization of low-heat-value gases are realized, and the green cycle development of economy is promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a porous medium combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling zero-emission energy system of the invention.
In the figure: 1-low calorific value gas supply system; 2-an air supply system; 3-a proportioner; 4-a first heating pipe sleeve; 5-a porous medium combustion unit; 6-flame arrestors; 7-a variable frequency fan; 8-a steam turbine; 9-a waste heat boiler; 10-a first water divider; 11-an energy storage water tank; 12-a first intelligent temperature control regulator; 13-gas concentration detector; 14-a gas separation system; 15-an exhaust gas treatment chamber; 16-a second intelligent temperature control regulator; 17-a water-cooled heat exchanger; 18-a fuel cell; 19-a circulating water pump; 20-a second water separator; 21-a second heating pipe sleeve; 22-a water collector; 23-intelligent control terminal; 24-gas transmission pipe; 25-power grid.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a porous medium combustion and fuel cell multistage coupling energy system, which includes a low-calorific-value gas supply system 1, an air supply system 2, a porous medium combustion unit 5, a waste heat boiler 9, an energy storage water tank 11, a circulating water pump 19, a gas separation system 14, a fuel cell 18, and a waste gas treatment chamber 15;
the low-calorific-value gas supply system 1 and the air supply system 2 are respectively connected with the front end of the proportional mixer 3, the rear end of the proportional mixer 3 is connected to the porous medium combustion unit 5, the rear end of the porous medium combustor is sequentially connected with the variable frequency fan 7, the waste heat boiler 9, the energy storage water tank 11, the gas separation system 14 and the fuel cell 18 through a gas pipe 24,
the fuel cell 18 is provided with a water-cooling heat exchanger 17, the water inlet end of the circulating water pump 19 is connected to the water collector 22, and the other end of the circulating water pump is connected to the waste heat boiler 9, the energy storage water tank 11 and the water-cooling heat exchanger 17 to provide cold water for the waste heat boiler 9, the energy storage water tank 11 and the water-cooling heat exchanger 17.
In the above embodiment, the necessary gas pipeline transportation control devices such as corresponding control valves, pressure transmitters, flow controllers, electromagnetic valves, pressure gauges, and the like are installed between the 24 pipelines of each connection gas pipeline. The low-calorific-value gas comprises coal mine gas, refuse landfill gas, blast furnace gas and the like, but is not limited to the above gases, and when the coal mine gas supply system 1 and the air supply system 2 are started, the gas is conveyed into the proportional mixer 3 through an air compressor and a pressure stabilizing tank, the coal mine gas with the concentration of 5-8% is conveyed to the air inlet end of the porous medium combustion unit 5, and then an ignition layer in the porous medium combustion unit 5 is started to preheat and start the porous medium combustion unit 5; then, the coal mine gas concentration in the proportional mixer 3 is increased to 20% -25% to carry out the preparation work of hydrogen. The coal mine gas is combusted in the porous medium combustion unit 5 to generate high-temperature flue gas, the components of the flue gas are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a small amount of carbon dioxide, the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit 5, the main components of the high-temperature flue gas comprise the carbon monoxide, the hydrogen and the small amount of carbon dioxide, and the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is about 1000-1500 ℃. The fuel cell 18 is provided with a water-cooling heat exchanger 17, before the fuel cell 18 works, steam conveyed from the energy storage water tank 11 enters the water-cooling heat exchanger 17, the fuel cell 18 can be preheated to the optimal working temperature of about 80 ℃, meanwhile, part of the steam is conveyed to the second heat supply pipe sleeve 21, and oxygen input to the cathode air inlet end of the fuel cell 18 is preheated; hydrogen is introduced into the anode gas inlet end of the fuel cell 18, oxygen is introduced into the cathode gas inlet end, chemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell 18, heat is generated while current is generated, the current is transmitted to the power grid 25, the heat is subjected to cold-heat exchange through the water-cooling heat exchanger 17, the fuel cell 18 is always kept at the optimal working temperature, hot water and a small amount of steam generated in the water-cooling heat exchanger 17 are respectively transmitted to the second water separator 20 and the second heat supply pipe sleeve 21, and the second water separator 20 is connected to a user heating channel; meanwhile, the water circulation pump 19 supplies cold water to the water-cooled heat exchanger 17.
In the above embodiment, the fuel cell 18 is a proton exchange membrane cell.
In a further preferred embodiment, a first heat supply sleeve 4 is arranged on the gas pipe 24 between the proportioner 3 and the porous medium combustion unit 5, and a second heat supply sleeve is arranged on the oxygen gas pipe 24 at the end of the fuel cell 18.
In the above embodiment, the heat of the first heat supply pipe sleeve 4 is supplied by the steam in the exhaust-heat boiler 9, the heat of the second heat supply pipe sleeve 21 is supplied by the hot water in the water-cooled heat exchanger, the first heat supply pipe sleeve 4 preheats the coal mine gas entering the porous medium combustion unit 5, and the second heat supply pipe sleeve 21 preheats the oxygen input to the cathode air inlet end of the fuel cell 18.
In a further preferred embodiment, the high-temperature flue gas inside the exhaust-heat boiler 9 transfers heat to cold water in the exhaust-heat boiler 9 to generate steam, the steam is conveyed to a steam turbine for power generation, the generated electricity is conveyed to the power grid 25, and meanwhile, the electricity is conveyed to the first heat supply pipe sleeve 4 to preheat coal mine gas entering the porous medium combustion unit 5. The medium-temperature flue gas in the energy storage water tank 11 transfers heat to cold water in the energy storage water tank 11 to generate hot water and steam, the hot water is conveyed to the first water divider 10, the first water divider 10 is connected to a user heating channel, the steam is conveyed to the water-cooling exchanger to preheat the fuel cell 18, the hot water generated by the water-cooling exchanger is conveyed to the second water divider 20, the second water divider 20 is connected to the user heating channel, and the generated steam is conveyed to the second heat supply pipe sleeve 21.
In the above embodiment, the hydrogen gas pipe 24 through which one end of the variable frequency fan 7 passes is connected to the porous medium combustion unit 5, the other end is connected to the exhaust-heat boiler 9 through the hydrogen gas pipe 24, and the high temperature flue gas (1000 plus 1500 ℃) discharged from the gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit 5 is conveyed to the exhaust-heat boiler 9 and the energy storage water tank 11 through the work of the variable frequency fan 7. A special heat exchange hydrogen gas conveying pipe 24 arranged in the waste heat boiler 9 is connected with the gas conveying pipe 24 at one end of the variable frequency fan 7, heat is transferred to cold water of the waste heat boiler 9 through high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat boiler 9 to generate steam, the steam is mainly conveyed to a steam turbine to be used for power generation, and generated electric quantity is conveyed to a power grid 25; a small part of steam is conveyed into the first heat supply pipe sleeve 4 to preheat coal mine gas entering the porous medium combustion unit 5. The high-temperature flue gas passing through the waste heat boiler 9 loses part of heat and becomes medium-temperature flue gas (500 plus 800 ℃) to enter the energy storage water tank 11, a heat exchange hydrogen gas conveying pipe 24 is also arranged inside the energy storage water tank 11 and transfers the heat to cold water in the energy storage water tank 11 through the medium-temperature flue gas inside the energy storage water tank 11 to generate hot water (100 ℃) and a small amount of water vapor, the hot water is conveyed to the first water divider 10, the first water divider 10 is connected to a user heating channel, and the small amount of water vapor is conveyed to the water cooling exchanger to preheat the fuel cell 18. One end of the circulating water pump 19 is connected to the water collector 22, the other end is connected to the exhaust-heat boiler 9 and the energy storage water tank 11, cold water is automatically provided for the exhaust-heat boiler 9 and the energy storage water tank 11 according to requirements, part of heat is dissipated through the medium-temperature flue gas in the energy storage water tank 11, the low-temperature flue gas (150-,
the waste heat boiler 9 and the energy storage water tank 11 are internally provided with s-shaped heat exchange gas pipes, so that the heat exchange contact area with liquid in the waste heat boiler 9 and the energy storage water tank 11 can be increased, and efficient energy transfer is realized.
In a further preferred embodiment, the gas separation system 14 comprises a chamber i and a chamber ii, wherein a drying device is arranged in the chamber i, a hydrogen separation membrane is arranged between the chamber i and the chamber ii, the chamber ii of the gas separation system 14 is connected to an anode gas inlet of the fuel cell 18 through a gas pipe 24, and the chamber i of the gas separation system 14 is connected to the waste gas treatment chamber 15 through a gas pipe.
In the above embodiment, the gas separation system 14 is divided into the chamber i and the chamber ii, the drying device is disposed in the chamber i, the special hydrogen separation membrane is disposed between the chamber i and the chamber ii, hydrogen enters the chamber ii of the gas separation system 14 through the hydrogen separation membrane, and the remaining gas components including carbon monoxide and a small amount of carbon dioxide are left in the chamber i; the chamber I of the gas separation system 14 is connected to the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell 18 through a special hydrogen gas delivery pipe to provide hydrogen gas fuel with the temperature of about 80 ℃ for the fuel cell 18; the gas separation system 14 II chamber is connected to the waste gas treatment chamber 15 by a gas pipe.
In a further preferred embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment chamber 15 includes a reaction module, a denitration module and a carbon dioxide gas storage module, the anode gas outlet of the fuel cell 18 is connected to the reaction module of the exhaust gas treatment chamber 15, high-temperature water vapor and oxygen generated in the fuel cell 18 and carbon monoxide chemically react in the reaction module to generate carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide gas storage module enters the carbon dioxide gas storage module, and the carbon dioxide gas storage module is connected to the hydrogen gas delivery pipe at the gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit 5.
In the above embodiment, the waste gas treatment chamber 15 is divided into the reaction module, the denitration module and the carbon dioxide gas storage module, the anode gas outlet of the fuel cell 18 is connected to the reaction module of the waste gas treatment chamber 15, the high-temperature water vapor and part of the oxygen generated in the fuel cell 18 and carbon monoxide are chemically reacted in the reaction module, and then a series of filtering, drying and purifying treatments are performed to generate part of carbon dioxide, and the part of carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide gas storage module, and the carbon dioxide gas storage module is connected with the hydrogen gas conveying pipe at the gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit 5, so that a certain amount of carbon dioxide can be provided and; if the hydrogen leakage flame occurs, the flame can be used as the inhibition gas to be conveyed into the hydrogen gas conveying pipe.
In a further preferred embodiment, the porous medium combustion unit 5 is composed of 1-6 porous medium burners connected in parallel, and the low-temperature heat of each porous medium burner can be mutually preheated. A flame arrester 6 is arranged on a gas pipe at the rear end of the porous medium combustion unit 5, and the flame arrester 6 is arranged between the porous combustion unit and the variable frequency fan 7
In the embodiment, the air inlet end of the porous medium combustor is converged on a gas conveying pipe to be connected with the proportional mixer 3, the air outlet end of the porous medium combustor is converged on a gas conveying pipe to be connected with the variable frequency fan 7, the gas conveying pipe is provided with the flame arrester 6, different numbers of combustors can be started according to different powers, and the function of adjusting the power can be realized; each porous medium burner can be mutually preheated; a fire retardant layer, an alumina pellet layer, an alumina foamed ceramic layer and an ignition layer are arranged in each porous medium burner, and heat insulation cotton wraps the porous medium burners to slow down heat loss. The porous medium combustor is made of industrial alumina ceramic and can resist the temperature of about 2600 ℃. The flame arrester 6 consists of a solid material (flame arrester element) which is permeable to gas and has a plurality of small passages or gaps.
In a further preferred embodiment, still include intelligent control terminal 23, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator 12, second intelligence accuse temperature regulator 16 and gas concentration detector 13, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator 12 sets up on energy storage water tank 11, and gas concentration detector 13 sets up on the gas-supply pipe between energy storage water tank 11 and gas separation system 14, second intelligence accuse temperature regulator 16 sets up on the water-cooling exchanger, and intelligent control terminal 23 is connected with proportioner 3, gas concentration detector 13, exhaust-gas treatment room 15 respectively.
In the above embodiment, the energy storage water tank 11 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 17 are respectively provided with the first intelligent temperature control regulator 12 and the second intelligent temperature control regulator 16, so that the temperature in the water tank can be regulated and controlled according to the requirement.
The proportioner 3, the carbon dioxide gas storage module in the waste gas treatment chamber 15, the gas concentration detector 13 and the intelligent control terminal 23 are continuous, and the intelligent control terminal 23 automatically adjusts the gas concentration ratio and the carbon dioxide conveying capacity in the proportioner 3 after receiving the data feedback of the gas concentration detector 13, so that an optimal energy utilization mode is achieved.
The specific working process is as follows: firstly, a porous medium combustion unit 55 is utilized to perform a combustion hydrogen production process of coal mine gas/air mixed gas (containing 20% of methane) and a heat exchange process of high-temperature flue gas (1000-. Then the low temperature flue gas (150-. Finally, hydrogen is passed to the anode of the fuel cell 18 for power generation, where the heat generated is used to heat the air in the user heating channels, and the remaining exhaust gas is reacted with the air/oxygen generated at the anode side of the fuel cell 18 in the waste treatment chamber to produce carbon dioxide.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention are all described in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-stage coupling energy system of porous medium combustion and fuel cell is characterized by comprising a low-heat value gas supply system, an air supply system, a porous medium combustion unit, a waste heat boiler, an energy storage water tank, a circulating water pump, a gas separation system, a fuel cell and a waste gas treatment chamber;
the low-calorific-value gas supply system and the air supply system are respectively connected with the front end of the proportional mixer, the rear end of the proportional mixer is connected to the porous medium combustion unit, the rear end of the porous medium combustion unit is sequentially connected with the variable frequency fan, the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank, the gas separation system and the fuel cell through gas pipes,
the fuel cell is provided with a water-cooling heat exchanger, the water inlet end of the circulating water pump is connected to the water collector, and the other end of the circulating water pump is connected to the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank and the water-cooling heat exchanger to provide cold water for the waste heat boiler, the energy storage water tank and the water-cooling heat exchanger.
2. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: a first heat supply pipe sleeve is arranged on a gas pipe between the proportional mixer and the porous medium combustion unit, and a second heat supply pipe sleeve is arranged on an oxygen gas pipe at the fuel cell end.
3. The porous medium combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 2, wherein: the flue gas in the waste heat boiler transfers heat to cold water of the waste heat boiler through a gas pipe to generate steam, the steam is conveyed to a steam turbine for power generation, and generated electric quantity is conveyed to a power grid and is simultaneously conveyed to a first heat supply pipe sleeve for preheating low-calorific-value gas entering a porous medium combustion unit.
4. The porous medium combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 2, wherein: the flue gas in the energy storage water tank transfers heat to cold water in the energy storage water tank through a gas pipe to generate hot water and water vapor, the hot water is conveyed to a first water divider, the first water divider is connected to a user heating channel, the water vapor is conveyed to a water-cooling exchanger to preheat a fuel cell, the hot water generated by the water-cooling exchanger is conveyed to a second water divider, the second water divider is connected to the user heating channel, and the generated steam is conveyed to a second heating pipe sleeve.
5. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: the gas separation system comprises a chamber I and a chamber II, wherein a drying device is arranged in the chamber I, a hydrogen separation membrane is arranged between the chamber I and the chamber II, the chamber II of the gas separation system is connected to an anode air inlet of the fuel cell through a gas pipe, and the chamber I of the gas separation system is connected to a waste gas treatment chamber through a gas pipe.
6. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: the waste gas treatment chamber comprises a reaction module, a denitration module and a carbon dioxide gas storage module, an anode gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the reaction module of the waste gas treatment chamber, water vapor, oxygen and carbon monoxide generated in the fuel cell are in a chemical reaction of the reaction module to generate carbon dioxide which enters the carbon dioxide gas storage module, and the carbon dioxide gas storage module is connected with a hydrogen conveying pipeline at a gas outlet end of the porous medium combustion unit.
7. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: the porous medium combustion unit is formed by connecting 1-6 porous medium combustors in parallel, and low-temperature heat of the porous medium combustors can be mutually preheated.
8. The porous medium combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: and a flame arrester is arranged on a gas pipe at the rear end of the porous medium combustion unit and is arranged between the porous medium combustion unit and the variable frequency fan.
9. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: and s-shaped heat exchange gas pipes are arranged in the waste heat boiler and the energy storage water tank and are positioned inside the liquid of the waste heat boiler and the energy storage water tank.
10. The porous media combustion and fuel cell multi-stage coupling energy system of claim 1, wherein: still include intelligent control terminal, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator, second intelligence accuse temperature regulator and gas concentration detector, first intelligence accuse temperature regulator sets up on energy storage water tank, and gas concentration detector sets up on the gas-supply pipe between energy storage water tank and gas separation system, second intelligence accuse temperature regulator sets up on the water-cooling interchanger, and intelligent control terminal is connected with proportioner, gas concentration detector, exhaust-gas treatment room respectively.
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