CN111334335A - 一种显热回收气化炉 - Google Patents

一种显热回收气化炉 Download PDF

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CN111334335A
CN111334335A CN202010176830.5A CN202010176830A CN111334335A CN 111334335 A CN111334335 A CN 111334335A CN 202010176830 A CN202010176830 A CN 202010176830A CN 111334335 A CN111334335 A CN 111334335A
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heat recovery
chamber
sensible heat
water
gasification
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任金锁
李广民
狄朝阳
安超
丁满福
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Shanxi Yangmei Chemical Industry Machinery Group Co Ltd
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    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F27D2017/006—Systems for reclaiming waste heat using a boiler
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种气化炉，具体涉及一种可用于煤化工领域或炼化领域的显热回收气化炉。一种显热回收气化炉，该气化炉主体包括气化室、隔板、密封箱、显热回收室、激冷室；气化室、显热回收室、导流筒、激冷室共用一个承压壳体。上部气化室、下部显热回收室、激冷室共用一个承压壳体，可简化显热回收气化装置的结构，减少投资成本，提高设备长周期运行稳定性；上部膜式水冷壁替代耐火砖，炉膛温度可提高到1700摄氏度，解决了灰熔点高煤的气化难题，合成气显热回收室可以提高显热回收；提高了能量转化效率；热量回收后的合成气经过激冷室有效的洗涤了细灰及水气比，防止合成气带灰进入后续***，影响产品的质量。

Description

一种显热回收气化炉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气化炉，具体涉及一种可用于煤化工领域或炼化领域的显热回收气化炉。
背景技术
气化炉主要有两种：一种为粉煤气化炉，另一种为水煤浆气化炉，现有气化炉气化室内层通常使用耐火砖材料，但是耐火砖材料易磨损，需要常常进行更换，同时耐火砖受热温度有限，影响高灰熔点煤的气化，煤种适应范围受限，无法广泛使用廉价煤，应用范围小。而且耐火砖的制造、安装、保养和更换非常复杂，费时费力。另外现有气化炉采用激冷环冷却下降管，合成气出气化室进入下降管中，温度由1300度降低到800度左右后进入激冷室水浴冷却后，高温合成气余热未充分回收利用而浪费掉，造成极大的余热浪费，下降管经常因布水不均匀形成鼓包或破裂，造成停车，影响设备的长周期进行，降低了气化装置运行的稳定性。
发明内容
为了解决现有气化炉炉膛耐火砖温度受限且合成气热量未充分回收问题，本发明提供了一种显热回收气化炉，可简化激冷气化装置的结构，降低投资成本，提高设备长周期运行的稳定性。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：一种显热回收气化炉，包括壳体，壳体上部设置有喷嘴，壳体下部连接激冷室，激冷室下方连接渣口，壳体上还设有合成气出口，壳体内设置有隔板，隔板上连接由激冷环冷却的下降管，下降管的下端深伸入到激冷室液面以下，壳体内上部设置有膜式水冷壁、上集箱和下集箱，膜式水冷壁围成筒形空间室，筒形空间室包围形成的内腔作为气化室；上集箱设有水出口，下集箱设有水进口，上集箱和下集箱与膜式水冷壁连通且分别位于膜式水冷壁的上方和下方，下集箱水进口与气化炉外部汽包连接，上集箱水出口与气化炉外部汽包连接。壳体内上部膜式水冷壁替代耐火砖，炉膛温度可提高到1700摄氏度，解决了高灰熔点煤的气化难题。
进一步的，膜式水冷壁内表面设置隔热层，通过隔热层的挂渣熔渣层，提高气化室的耐高温性能及保持炉膛的温度，增加气化炉的煤种适应性。
进一步的，膜式水冷壁围成的筒形空间室与壳体形成环腔空间，环腔空间采用氮气或二氧化碳进行保护，从而达到承压壳体处于安全的温度范围。
进一步的，壳体内下部设置水冷壁和导流筒，水冷壁围成显热回收室，显热回收室的横截面可以为多边形或圆形，显热回收室下端连接导流筒，导流筒下部伸入激冷室液面之下，水冷壁和导流筒代替下降管。显热回收室回收的热量通过自然循环进入汽包副产蒸汽，汽包内所形成的蒸气通过管网进入后续***做功，合成气显热回收室可以提高显热回收；提高了能量转化效率。还包括耐高温通道连接件，耐高温通道连接件上方设置在膜式水冷壁内表面，下方伸入到显热回收室，耐高温通道连接件连接气化室与显热回收室；熔渣和合成气通过耐高温通道连接件由气化室进入显热回收室。
进一步的，耐高温通道连接件与显热回收室之间采用密封箱密封。
进一步的，在回收室的上部设置有吹灰管，吹灰管外接氮气，有效防止水冷壁管壁表面积灰，提高水冷壁的显热互换，热量传递。
进一步的，导流筒下沿设为锯齿形，锯齿形下沿容易割破激冷室液体中产生的气泡。
本发明的有益效果是：
上部气化室、下部显热回收室、激冷室共用一个承压壳体，可简化显热回收气化装置的结构，减少投资成本，提高设备长周期运行稳定性；上部膜式水冷壁替代耐火砖，炉膛温度可提高到1700摄氏度，解决了灰熔点高煤的气化难题，合成气显热回收室可以提高显热回收；提高了能量转化效率；热量回收后的合成气经过激冷室有效的洗涤了细灰及水气比，防止合成气带灰进入后续***，影响产品的质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1-喷嘴，2-膜式水冷壁，3-耐高温通道连接件，4-密封箱，5-隔板，6-水冷壁，7-导流筒，8-支撑架，9-渣口，10-激冷室，11-显热回收室，12-合成气出口，13-吹灰管，14-气化室，15-壳体。
具体实施方式
如附图所示，一种显热回收气化炉，该气化炉主体包括气化室14、隔板5、密封箱4、显热回收室11、激冷室10；气化室14、显热回收室11、导流筒7、激冷室10共用一个承压壳体15。
所述壳体15内上部设置列管（或盘管）膜式水冷壁，膜式水冷壁围成筒形空间室，筒形空间室包围形成内腔形成气化室，下部中心通过耐高温通道与显热回收室连接，膜式水冷壁上下位置分别设置有上集箱和下集箱；上集箱设置水出口，下集箱设有水进口；上集箱、下集箱与气化炉外部的汽包连接。筒形空间室与承压壳体形成环腔空间，环腔空间采用氮气或二氧化碳进行保护，从而达到承压壳体处于安全的温度范围。膜式水冷壁内表面通过销钉固定隔热层，通过隔热层的挂渣熔渣层，提高气化室的耐高温性能及保持炉膛的温度，增加气化炉的煤种适应性。
所述显热回收室，合成气显热回收室与气化室之间设置一隔板，隔板中心设置有气化室与合成气显热回收室耐高温通道连接件3，耐高温通道连接件3与显热回收室之间采用密封箱4密封，防止气化室与显热回收室之间的气体互串；壳体15内下部设置水冷壁6，水冷壁围成筒状的显热回收室，在回收室的上部水平设置有吹灰管13，吹灰管13是在壳体15上开孔后引入的，有效防止水冷壁管壁表面积灰，提高水冷壁的显热互换，热量传递。
所述显热回收室下部与导流筒连接，导流筒的下沿设为锯齿形，导流筒下端外部设有多个支撑架8；下端伸入激冷室液面之下，防止高温气体对承压壳体的有害作用。
所述激冷室设置激冷水进出口，激冷段内部充水，实现熔渣激冷的功能。

Claims (7)

1.一种显热回收气化炉，包括壳体(15)，壳体(15)上部设置有喷嘴（1），壳体(15)下部连接激冷室（10），激冷室（10）下方连接渣口（9），壳体(15)上还设有合成气出口（12），壳体(15)内设置有隔板（5），隔板（5）上连接由激冷环冷却的下降管，下降管的下端伸入到激冷室（10）液面以下，其特征在于：壳体(15)内上部设置有膜式水冷壁（2）、上集箱和下集箱，膜式水冷壁围成筒形空间室，筒形空间室包围形成的内腔作为气化室；上集箱设有水出口，下集箱设有水进口，上集箱和下集箱与膜式水冷壁（2）连通且分别位于膜式水冷壁（2）的上方和下方，下集箱水进口与气化炉外部汽包连接，上集箱水出口与气化炉外部汽包连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：膜式水冷壁（2）内表面设置隔热层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：膜式水冷壁围成的筒形空间室与壳体(15)形成环腔空间，环腔空间采用氮气或二氧化碳进行保护。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：壳体(15)内下部设置水冷壁和导流筒（7），水冷壁围成显热回收室，显热回收室下端连接导流筒（7），导流筒（7）下部伸入激冷室（10）液面之下，水冷壁和导流筒（7）代替激冷环和下降管，还包括耐高温通道连接件（3），耐高温通道连接件（3）上方设置在膜式水冷壁（2）内表面，下方伸入到显热回收室，耐高温通道连接件（3）连接气化室与显热回收室。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：耐高温通道连接件（3）与显热回收室之间采用密封箱（4）密封。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：在回收室的上部设置有吹灰管（13），吹灰管（13）外接氮气。
7. 根据权利要求4或5所述的一种显热回收气化炉，其特征在于：导流筒（7）下沿设为锯齿形，导流筒下端外部设有多个支撑架 (8) 。
CN202010176830.5A 2020-03-13 2020-03-13 一种显热回收气化炉 Pending CN111334335A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115287094A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-11-04 北京清创晋华科技有限公司 气化炉

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115287094A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-11-04 北京清创晋华科技有限公司 气化炉

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