CN111333901A - Flexible composite material and preparation method thereof and method for regulating negative dielectric property - Google Patents
Flexible composite material and preparation method thereof and method for regulating negative dielectric property Download PDFInfo
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- CN111333901A CN111333901A CN202010144113.4A CN202010144113A CN111333901A CN 111333901 A CN111333901 A CN 111333901A CN 202010144113 A CN202010144113 A CN 202010144113A CN 111333901 A CN111333901 A CN 111333901A
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- flexible composite
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- negative dielectric
- silver nanowire
- polyurethane sponge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/40—Impregnation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible composite material and a preparation method thereof and a method for regulating and controlling negative dielectric properties, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the polyurethane sponge in the silver nanowire suspension, taking out and drying, and obtaining the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material through repeated soaking-drying process. The invention adopts the dipping method to prepare the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material, provides a simple and feasible new method for preparing the flexible negative dielectric material, and effectively regulates and controls the negative dielectric property of the flexible negative dielectric material by changing the deformation of the material. The negative dielectric material prepared by the invention has important application value in the fields of sensors, flexible electronic devices and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation technology and performance regulation of flexible composite materials, in particular to a polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire-based flexible composite material, a preparation technology thereof and a method for regulating negative dielectric performance thereof.
Background
The dielectric constant is the fundamental physical parameter characterizing the interaction of a medium with an electric field, and the dielectric constant of conventional materials is generally positive. The material with negative dielectric constant (negative dielectric material) appearing in recent years opens up a new space for the research of electromagnetic functional materials, and has important application value particularly in the fields of wound-free inductors, negative-capacitance field effect transistors, high-power filters, wave absorption and the like. With regard to how to obtain and regulate the negative dielectric property, the research thinking of domestic and foreign scholars turns to research on chemical compositions and microstructures of materials from constructing periodic array structures. At present, the ceramic-based negative dielectric material is well researched, has the outstanding characteristics of high strength, high heat conductivity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of wave absorption, attenuation ceramics and the like. Such as Chinese patent CN108220737A with Y2Ti2O7Is a ceramic phase, Fe is a metal phase, and the negative dielectric property is obtained through a high-temperature sintering process.
In recent years, with the development of flexible electronic technologies such as wearable equipment and electronic skin, the scalability and foldability of materials become important criteria in production links, and flexible negative dielectric materials are widely researched and applied. For example, in chinese patent CN108929542A, polydimethylsiloxane is used as a flexible matrix, graphene is used as a functional phase, and a negative dielectric constant is obtained by an in-situ synthesis process. However, the research on the flexible negative dielectric material at present mainly realizes the regulation and control of the negative dielectric property by changing the content of the functional phase, and the work of regulating and controlling the negative dielectric property by using the external field condition is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible composite material based on polyurethane sponge/silver nanowires, a preparation technology thereof and a method for regulating and controlling the negative dielectric property of the flexible composite material, wherein the negative dielectric property of the flexible composite material can be effectively regulated and controlled by changing the deformation of the flexible composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a flexible composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) soaking the polyurethane sponge in the silver nanowire suspension, taking out and drying, and obtaining the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material through repeated soaking-drying process.
According to the preparation method of the flexible composite material, the polyurethane sponge is cut into a standard sample with the diameter of 2-2.5cm and the height of 0.5-1cm before first impregnation.
The preparation method of the flexible composite material comprises the step of uniformly dispersing the silver nanowires in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the silver nanowire suspension.
The preparation method of the flexible composite material adopts a polyol method to prepare the functional silver nanowire.
The preparation method of the flexible composite material comprises the following steps: dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone powder in an ethylene glycol solution, and then heating and magnetically stirring the solution; and (3) sequentially dripping a sodium chloride solution and a silver nitrate solution, continuously reacting for a period of time, centrifuging the obtained suspension, centrifuging and washing for multiple times until the upper suspension becomes colorless, and obtaining the silver nanowire.
The preparation method of the flexible composite material comprises the step of drying at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ for 0.5-3h in the drying process.
The preparation method of the flexible composite material comprises the step of preparing the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material, wherein the mass fraction of the silver nanowires in the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material is 5% -15%.
The invention also provides a flexible composite material, wherein the flexible composite material is obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also provides a method for regulating the negative dielectric property of the flexible composite material, wherein the negative dielectric property of the flexible composite material is regulated by changing the deformation of the flexible composite material.
The method described above, wherein the amount of deformation is varied in the range of 10% to 60%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the dipping method to prepare the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material, provides a simple and feasible new method for preparing the flexible negative dielectric material, and effectively regulates and controls the negative dielectric property of the flexible negative dielectric material by changing the deformation of the material. The negative dielectric material prepared by the invention has important application value in the fields of sensors, flexible electronic devices and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of the dielectric constant detection results of the urethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with the silver nanowire content of 7.3 wt.% under different deformation amounts (0, 20% and 60%).
Fig. 2 is a graph of the dielectric constant detection results of the urethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with the silver nanowire content of 9.1 wt.% under different deformation amounts (0, 20% and 60%).
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by the following specific examples in conjunction with the drawings, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with negative dielectric property is prepared by taking polyurethane sponge as a flexible matrix and silver nanowires as functional bodies by adopting a dipping method. In the present invention, "/" means composite; the 'polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire' means that the material is formed by compounding the polyurethane sponge and the silver nanowire.
The preparation method of the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: cutting a polyurethane sponge matrix: cutting the commercial polyurethane sponge into standard samples with the diameter of 2-2.5cm and the height of 0.5-1 cm.
Step 2: preparing silver nanowires: dissolving 5.80g of polyvinylpyrrolidone powder in 184mL of glycol solution to obtain a suspension, pouring the suspension into a flask to heat and magnetically stir the solution, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 195 ℃, and the magnetic stirring speed is controlled at 300 rpm; slowly dropping 6mL of sodium chloride solution and 10mL of silver nitrate solution in sequence, and continuously reacting for 15min in the flask; and then carrying out centrifugal treatment on the suspension, setting the rotating speed to be 7000-15000rpm, setting the centrifugal time to be 3-8min, and carrying out multiple centrifugation and washing processes until the suspension on the upper layer becomes colorless, thus successfully preparing the silver nanowire.
And step 3: dispersing silver nanowires in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a silver nanowire suspension, dipping polyurethane sponge in the silver nanowire suspension, and repeatedly dipping and drying to obtain polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite materials with different contents (preferably, 5-15 mass percent), wherein the drying temperature is 80-150 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-3 h.
Further, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the negative dielectric property of the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material obtained by the preparation method, namely, the negative dielectric property of the flexible composite material is regulated and controlled by changing the deformation of the flexible composite material. And then measuring the dielectric frequency spectrum of the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material under different deformation quantities, wherein the dielectric properties of the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material prepared by the invention are all represented by a Keysight E4980AL digital bridge.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the dielectric constant of the urethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with silver nanowire content of 7.3 wt.% and 9.1 wt.% is measured under different deformation amounts (0, 20% and 60%). In the figure, "7.3 wt.% -20" refers to the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with the silver nanowire mass fraction of 7.3% and the deformation amount of 20%, and the like. As can be seen from the figure, the deformation amount of the flexible composite material can be effectively adjusted and controlled, and further, the deformation amount is preferably within the adjusting and controlling range of 10-60%.
In conclusion, the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material with the negative dielectric property is prepared by the dipping method, and the microstructure in the material is regulated and controlled by regulating the content of the silver nanowires, so that the negative dielectric property is obtained. Furthermore, the deformation of the material can be changed to effectively regulate and control the negative dielectric property, and the flexible negative dielectric material has important application value particularly in the fields of sensors, flexible electronic devices and the like.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a flexible composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) soaking the polyurethane sponge in the silver nanowire suspension, taking out and drying, and obtaining the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material through repeated soaking-drying process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane sponge is cut into a standard sample having a diameter of 2-2.5cm and a height of 0.5-1cm before the first impregnation.
3. The method for preparing a flexible composite material according to claim 1, wherein the suspension of silver nanowires is obtained by uniformly dispersing silver nanowires in absolute ethanol.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the functional silver nanowires are prepared by a polyol method.
5. A method of making a flexible composite according to claim 4, wherein the polyol process comprises the steps of: dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone powder in an ethylene glycol solution, and then heating and magnetically stirring the solution; and (3) sequentially dripping a sodium chloride solution and a silver nitrate solution, continuously reacting for a period of time, centrifuging the obtained suspension, centrifuging and washing for multiple times until the upper suspension becomes colorless, and obtaining the silver nanowire.
6. The method for preparing the flexible composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the drying process, the drying temperature is 80-150 ℃ and the drying time is 0.5-3 h.
7. The method for preparing the flexible composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the silver nanowires in the polyurethane sponge/silver nanowire flexible composite material is 5-15%.
8. A flexible composite material obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A method of manipulating the negative dielectric properties of the flexible composite of claim 8, wherein the negative dielectric properties of the flexible composite are manipulated by changing the amount of deformation of the flexible composite.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the amount of deformation varies from 10% to 60%.
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Effective date of registration: 20230612 Address after: 200444 4th Floor, Building 3, No. 898, Zhenchen Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai Patentee after: Shanghai Bozhu New Material Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201306 1550 Harbour Road, Lingang New Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai Patentee before: Shanghai Maritime University Patentee before: Shanghai prospective Innovation Research Institute Co.,Ltd. |