CN111327365B - Satellite-ground quantum key distribution synchronization method and device based on non-periodic synchronization light - Google Patents

Satellite-ground quantum key distribution synchronization method and device based on non-periodic synchronization light Download PDF

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CN111327365B
CN111327365B CN202010148491.XA CN202010148491A CN111327365B CN 111327365 B CN111327365 B CN 111327365B CN 202010148491 A CN202010148491 A CN 202010148491A CN 111327365 B CN111327365 B CN 111327365B
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王潮泽
廖胜凯
蔡文奇
任继刚
印娟
彭承志
潘建伟
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/524—Pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/065—Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
    • H04L9/0656—Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher
    • H04L9/0662—Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher with particular pseudorandom sequence generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/12—Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner

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Abstract

A quantum key distribution synchronization method comprises the following steps: the transmitting terminal encodes the periodic synchronization pulse into a non-periodic synchronization pulse; the non-periodic synchronous pulse drives the laser to generate non-periodic synchronous light and sends the non-periodic synchronous light to the receiving end; and the receiving end performs synchronous optical time measurement and synchronous optical matching to realize quantum signal synchronization. According to the synchronization method provided by the invention, the transmitting terminal encodes the random sequence into the synchronous light, the receiving terminal decodes the detected synchronous light to obtain the random sequence, and the synchronization of the synchronous light is completed by matching the random sequence, so that the resource use of the transmitting terminal is reduced, the data interaction between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal is reduced, and the dependence on external data is reduced.

Description

Satellite-ground quantum key distribution synchronization method and device based on non-periodic synchronization light
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of key distribution, in particular to a satellite-ground quantum key distribution synchronization method and device with unstable links.
Background
Secure and efficient key distribution has been an important research topic in cryptography. Quantum key distribution has been widely verified experimentally as a proven secure key distribution scheme. In quantum key distribution, synchronization is essential for a receiving end to accurately identify a detected quantum signal as a second transmitted signal. The synchronization scheme currently used in the satellite-ground quantum key distribution is to implement synchronization by a synchronous optical synchronization scheme in combination with data assistance such as GPS and satellite-ground distance.
The realization process is as follows:
the satellite transmitting terminal utilizes the homologous clock to respectively modulate the periodic synchronous signal and the quantum signal, simultaneously detects the GPS second pulse recording time and sends the GPS second pulse detection time to the receiving terminal; and the ground receiving end detects the synchronous signal, the quantum signal and the GPS second pulse signal recording time, receives the GPS second pulse detection time from the transmitting end, acquires the inter-satellite-ground variation distance and finally completes the synchronization of the quantum signal.
The synchronization process is schematically shown in FIG. 1, where trFor quantum signal detection time, Trm、Tr(m+x)Detecting time for the synchronization pulse; t is tsFor quantum signal emission time, Tsn、Ts(n+x)Tsyn is the transmission time of the synchronous signal, Tsyn is the transmission period of the synchronous signal, and n is the serial number of the synchronous pulse. Synchronization can be divided into two steps:
1. synchronous light matching: this process completes the one-to-one matching of the ground sounding synchronization signal and the satellite transmission synchronization signal. Firstly, the ground calculates the synchronous light transmission time Tfly according to the variation distance between the satellites and the groundmThen, the time interval between the satellite synchronous pulse and the GPS second pulse is calculated respectively (T is because the transmitting end sends the synchronous pulse periodicallysnCan be written as n Tsyn): t is tsd＝Tsn-TsGPSTime interval between the ground detection synchronization pulse and the GPS second pulse: t is trd＝Trm-Tflym-TrGPS. When t issd-trdIf less than the threshold, T is determinedrmAnd TsnMatching。
2. Signal synchronization: the receiving synchronization signal is synchronized to the transmitting end. The emission time ts corresponding to the detected quantum signal can be calculated by a formula
Figure BDA0002401605480000021
Due to TsnCan be written as n Tsyn
Figure BDA0002401605480000022
The method needs the satellite to detect the pulse time of the GPS second, so that the satellite is needed to realize the time measurement function, and the complexity of a resource tension satellite system is increased; the detected GPS second pulse time is also required to be sent to a ground receiving end, so that the data interaction quantity of a satellite-ground classical channel with less communication resources is increased; finally, inter-satellite distances must be obtained to obtain synchronous optical transmission times, adding to external data dependence and system design complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a quantum key distribution synchronization method and apparatus, which are intended to solve at least one of the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a quantum key distribution synchronization method, including the steps of:
the transmitting terminal encodes the periodic synchronization pulse into a non-periodic synchronization pulse;
the non-periodic synchronous pulse drives the laser to generate non-periodic synchronous light and sends the non-periodic synchronous light to the receiving end;
and the receiving end performs synchronous optical time measurement and synchronous optical matching to realize quantum signal synchronization.
Wherein, the generation process of the non-periodic synchronization pulse is as follows:
generating a pseudo-random number sequence { C } with a pseudo-random number generator, the pseudo-random number sequence being shared with the ground;
adjusting the pulse emission time by using a pseudo random number, and when the pseudo random number is O, enabling the synchronous pulse to be emitted ahead of the Td moment; when the pseudo random number is 1, the synchronization pulse is emitted with a delay of Td.
Wherein, the receiving end performs synchronous optical time measurement, that is, the code sequence for obtaining the non-periodic synchronous pulse
Figure BDA0002401605480000023
Figure BDA0002401605480000024
Indicating the original synchronization sequence number as ntThe generation process of the code sequence is as follows:
by the following formula nt＝TrnTsyn obtaining original synchronous sequence number ntWherein T isrnTsyn is the transmission period of the synchronous signal for the detection time of the synchronous pulse. And obtaining the offset T in the synchronization pulse period by a complementary function remt＝rem(TrnTsyn), accumulating for a certain time, counting TtAnd the frequency count is used for obtaining the coding value corresponding to each synchronous pulse.
Wherein, T istWhen the interval between two maximum frequencies is 2Td, T is smallertCorresponding to the sync pulse encoded as O, larger TtThe corresponding synchronization pulse code is 1; when the interval of the two maximum frequencies is Tsyn-2Td, the smaller TtCorresponding to a sync pulse code of 1, larger TtCorresponding to the sync pulse being coded as O with a smaller TtOriginal synchronization number n corresponding to synchronization pulsetAnd adding 1.
Wherein, the synchronous optical matching is the coding sequence of the non-periodic synchronous pulse
Figure BDA0002401605480000031
Matching with a pseudo-random number sequence { C }, and the specific process is as follows:
sequence of
Figure BDA0002401605480000032
Encoding a subset of the pseudo-random sequence of synchronization pulses for a satellite by shifting
Figure BDA0002401605480000033
Matching with pseudo-random number sequence { C }, i times shifting after sequence
Figure BDA0002401605480000034
When matched with pseudo random number sequence { C }, the obtained real sequence number n of the synchronous pulse is ntI (sign is determined by translation direction).
Wherein the quantum signal synchronization is realized by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002401605480000035
wherein, tsFor quantum signal emission time, trFor quantum signal detection time, x is two consecutive detected synchronous light intervals, Tsyn is the synchronous signal emission period, Cn、Cn+xThe code value of the non-periodic synchronization pulse, Td is the lead-lag time of the transmission of the synchronization pulse, Trn、Tr(n+x)And n is the synchronous pulse sequence number.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a quantum key distribution synchronization apparatus including:
the transmitting end is used for generating non-periodic synchronous pulses;
a laser for generating non-periodic synchronous light;
a receiving end for receiving the non-periodic synchronization light to complete signal synchronization;
a data processing unit, comprising:
a processor for executing the program stored in the memory;
a memory for storing a program for performing the method as described above.
Based on the above technical solution, the quantum key distribution synchronization method and apparatus of the present invention have at least one part of the following advantages compared with the prior art:
according to the synchronization method provided by the invention, the transmitting terminal encodes the random sequence into the synchronous light, the receiving terminal decodes the detected synchronous light to obtain the random sequence, and the synchronization of the synchronous light is completed by matching the random sequence, so that the resource use of the transmitting terminal is reduced, the data interaction between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal is reduced, and the dependence on external data is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art synchronization process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a periodic synchronization method (a) and a non-periodic synchronization method (b) according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the synchronous optical decoding applied in the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a synchronization method in satellite-ground quantum key distribution, which encodes synchronous light into non-periodic synchronous light by using a random number through an emitting end, detects the synchronous light by a receiving end, decodes the synchronous light to obtain a coded random number, and matches the random number obtained by decoding with the coded random number to realize one-to-one matching of the emitted synchronous light and the received synchronous light. The invention does not need the transmitting terminal to detect the second pulse time of the GPS, saves the transmitting terminal resources and the data interaction between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal, and reduces the dependence on external data without the change of the inter-satellite distance.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the transmitting end encodes the periodic synchronization pulse to become an aperiodic synchronization pulse; the non-periodic synchronous pulse drives the laser to generate non-periodic synchronous light and sends the non-periodic synchronous light to the receiving end; and the receiving end performs synchronous optical time measurement and synchronous optical matching to realize quantum signal synchronization.
As shown in fig. 3, firstly, the transmitting end encodes the periodic synchronization pulse and then changes the periodic synchronization pulse into an aperiodic pulse, and the generation process of the aperiodic pulse is as follows:
1. generating a pseudo-random number sequence C (shared with the ground) using a pseudo-random number generator;
2. adjusting the pulse emission time by using a pseudo random number, and when the pseudo random number is O, enabling the synchronous pulse to be emitted ahead of the Td moment; when the pseudo random number is 1, the synchronization pulse is emitted with a delay of Td.
Then the receiving end passes the detected synchronous pulse through the formula nt＝TrnTsyn obtaining original synchronous sequence number ntWherein T isrnTsyn is the transmission period of the synchronous signal for the detection time of the synchronous pulse. And obtaining the offset T in the synchronization pulse period by a complementary function remt＝rem(TrnTsyn), accumulating for a certain time, counting TtThe frequency is counted to obtain the code value corresponding to each sync pulse, as shown in fig. 4: when the interval of two maximum frequencies is 2Td, the smaller TtCorresponding to the sync pulse encoded as O, larger TtThe corresponding synchronization pulse code is 1; when the interval of the two maximum frequencies is Tsyn-2Td, the smaller TtCorresponding to a sync pulse code of 1, larger TtCorresponding to the sync pulse being coded as O with a smaller TtOriginal synchronization number n corresponding to synchronization pulsetAnd adding 1.
After the above operations we will obtain the coding sequence of the non-periodic synchronization pulse
Figure BDA0002401605480000051
Figure BDA0002401605480000052
Indicating the original synchronization sequence number as ntThe synchronization pulse of (2) encodes a value. Sequence of
Figure BDA0002401605480000053
Encoding a subset of the pseudo-random sequence of synchronization pulses for a satellite by shifting
Figure BDA0002401605480000054
Matching with pseudo-random sequence { C }, i times shifting post sequence
Figure BDA0002401605480000055
When the pseudo-random sequence is matched, the true synchronization pulse can be obtainedThe index n is nt ± i (the sign is determined by the translation direction). So far, the receiving end can obtain that the synchronization pulse detected by the receiving end is matched with the second synchronization pulse of the transmitting end, and because the synchronization pulse of the transmitting end is sent out non-periodically, the transmission time of the synchronization pulse of the transmitting end is as follows: t issn＝n*Tsyn+(2Cn-1)*Td，CnIs the corresponding sync pulse code value. The time interval of the two synchronization pulses is: t iss(n+x)-Tsn＝x*Tsyn+(Cn+x-Cn) 2Td, the final quantum signal synchronization formula can be written as:
Figure BDA0002401605480000056
Figure BDA0002401605480000057
wherein, tsFor quantum signal emission time, trFor quantum signal detection time, x is two consecutive detected synchronous light intervals, Tsyn is the synchronous signal emission period, Cn、Cn+xThe code value of the non-periodic synchronization pulse, Td is the lead-lag time of the transmission of the synchronization pulse, Trn、Tr(n+x)And n is the synchronous pulse sequence number.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A quantum key distribution synchronization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the transmitting terminal encodes the periodic synchronization pulse into a non-periodic synchronization pulse; the generation process of the non-periodic synchronization pulse comprises the following steps:
generating a pseudo-random number sequence C + by using a pseudo-random number generator, wherein the pseudo-random number sequence is shared with the ground;
adjusting the pulse emission time by using a pseudo random number, and when the pseudo random number is 0, transmitting a synchronous pulse in advance of Td; when the pseudo-random number is 1, the synchronous pulse is emitted after the time Td;
the non-periodic synchronous pulse drives the laser to generate non-periodic synchronous light and sends the non-periodic synchronous light to the receiving end;
the receiving end carries out synchronous optical time measurement and synchronous optical matching to realize quantum signal synchronization; the receiving end carries out synchronous optical time measurement, namely the code sequence for obtaining the non-periodic synchronous pulse
Figure FDA0003000495410000011
Figure FDA0003000495410000012
Indicating the original synchronization sequence number as ntThe generation process of the code sequence is as follows:
by the following formula nt＝TrnTsyn obtaining original synchronous sequence number ntWherein T isrnTsyn is the synchronous pulse detection time, and Tsyn is the synchronous signal emission period; and obtaining the offset T in the synchronization pulse period by a complementary function remt＝rem(TrnTsyn), accumulating for a certain time, counting TtFrequency, thus obtaining the coding value corresponding to each synchronous pulse; the T istWhen the interval between two maximum frequencies is 2Td, T is smallertCorresponding to a sync pulse code of 0, larger TtThe corresponding synchronization pulse code is 1; when the interval of the two maximum frequencies is Tsyn-2Td, the smaller TtCorresponding to a sync pulse code of 1, larger TtCorresponding to the sync pulse code being 0, while the T is smallertOriginal synchronization number n corresponding to synchronization pulsetAdding 1;
the synchronous optical matching is the code sequence of the non-periodic synchronous pulse
Figure FDA0003000495410000013
Matching with a pseudo-random number sequence C +, and the specific process is as follows:
sequence of
Figure FDA0003000495410000014
Encoding a subset of the pseudo-random sequence of synchronization pulses for a satellite by shifting
Figure FDA0003000495410000015
Matching with pseudo-random number sequence C +, i times shifting when sequence
Figure FDA0003000495410000016
When matched with pseudo random number sequence C +, the true sequence number n of the obtained synchronous pulse is ntI, where the sign is determined by the translation direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the quantum signal synchronization is achieved by the following equation:
Figure FDA0003000495410000017
wherein, tsFor quantum signal emission time, trFor quantum signal detection time, x is two consecutive detected synchronous light intervals, Tsyn is the synchronous signal emission period, Cn、Cn+xThe code value of the non-periodic synchronization pulse, Td is the lead-lag time of the transmission of the synchronization pulse, Trn、Tr(n+x)And n is the synchronous pulse sequence number.
3. A quantum key distribution synchronization apparatus, comprising;
the transmitting end is used for generating non-periodic synchronous pulses;
a laser for generating non-periodic synchronous light;
a receiving end for receiving the non-periodic synchronization light to complete signal synchronization;
a data processing unit, comprising:
a processor for executing the program stored in the memory;
memory for storing a program for performing the method of any of claims 1-2.
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