CN111325482B - Surrounding rock rapid grading method for large-span underground cave depot - Google Patents
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Abstract
The inventionDiscloses a method for quickly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cave depot, which comprises the following steps: acquiring excavation section size data of an underground cave depot; obtaining surrounding rock grading and [ BQ ] thereof for underground cave depot in geological exploration process] y (ii) a Performing geological sketch and partitioning on the excavated section, and respectively calculating the BQ value of the surrounding rock on the partition of the section; k v 、R c Correcting the span of the cave depot; correcting the underground water state, structural plane attitude and initial ground stress, and calculating [ BQ] xz (ii) a [ BQ ] of sections] xz Binding to [ BQ] y And calculating the arithmetic mean value of the three-dimensional surrounding rock grades, carrying out comprehensive surrounding rock grading to obtain the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the underground cave depot, and subdividing the basic surrounding rock grading to divide the basic surrounding rock grading into sub-grades. The invention considers the influence of the super-large span underground cave depot size effect on the compressive strength and integrity of the rock, thereby correcting the existing national standard surrounding rock classification standard, ensuring more accurate surrounding rock classification and safer construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for quickly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cave depot.
Background
The classification of the quality of the surrounding rocks is an essential important link in the geotechnical engineering construction process, the classification standard of the quality of the surrounding rocks at home and abroad at present is based on the strength and the integrity of the surrounding rocks, and the surrounding rocks are comprehensively evaluated through two angles of quantification and qualification under the condition of considering various influence factors such as ground stress, underground water, structural plane occurrence and the like, and the classification methods are widely used and can meet the engineering construction requirements of most of small-span (single span is less than 15m) underground engineering.
Along with the construction of modern public and national defense infrastructures, the underground engineering has more and more oversized caverns (the span is more than or equal to 30m), the influence of the oversized span is not considered in the traditional surrounding rock grading standard, compared with the small-span underground engineering, under the same geological condition, the large-span engineering often meets the conditions that the same section spans multiple surrounding rock grades, multiple joint fracture areas and the like, and if the large-span underground engineering construction is still carried out according to the existing surrounding rock dividing method, the engineering accident is easily caused.
Therefore, in the construction process of the ultra-large span underground engineering, the existing surrounding rock grading standard needs to be refined and adjusted urgently, and the accuracy of grading the surrounding rock of the ultra-large span underground engineering is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing surrounding rock quality grading method is limited in super-large span underground engineering construction, and provides a new adjusting method on the basis of a domestic commonly used engineering rock mass grading standard BQ method, so that the method is suitable for all underground caverns with single span larger than 15 m.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for quickly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cave depot comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring the size data of the excavation section of the underground cave depot, wherein the data comprises a span B, a rise H and the like;
b. obtaining surrounding rock grading and its BQ value, i.e. [ BQ ], of underground cave depot in geological prospecting process] y I.e. one-dimensional (y-direction) grading in the traditional tunnel trend;
c. carry out geology sketch to the excavation section according to actual conditions to carry out the subregion to the section, the subregion specifically includes according to: calculating BQ value of the surrounding rock for each section, wherein BQ is 90+3R c +250K v In the formula K v Is a surrounding rock integrity coefficient, which refers to the rock mass longitudinal wave velocity and the rock mass longitudinal waveThe square of the velocity ratio (unit: km/s) is:
if there is no real measuring value, the number J can be adjusted according to the volume of rock mass v Determined by comparison with Table 1, J v Refers to the number of joints per cubic meter,
TABLE 1J v And K v Comparison table
| J v Bar/m 3 | ＜3 | 3～10 | 10～20 | 20～35 | ＞35 |
| K v | ＞0.75 | 0.75～0.55 | 0.55～0.35 | 0.35～0.15 | ＜0.15 |
| Degree of integrity | Complete (complete) | Is more complete | Is relatively broken | Crushing | Extreme crushing |
The Rc is the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock, and when the Rc has an actual value, the value is taken according to the actual value; if no measured value exists, the rock point load strength index can be adopted for conversion, and the formula is as follows:
I s(50) and R c And the corresponding relation of the qualitative value of the rock hardness degree is shown in a table 2,
TABLE 2I s(50) And R c Comparison table
| I s(50) /MPa | ＞3.63 | 1.44～3.63 | 0.57～1.44 | 0.13～0.57 | ＜0.13 |
| R c /MPa | ＞60 | 30～60 | 15～30 | 5～15 | ＜5 |
| Qualitative value | Hard rock | Relatively hard rock | Softer rock | Soft rock | Very soft rock |
d. In large-span underground caverns, K v Correcting the span of the cave depot, and the specific method comprises the following steps: calculating the relative joint (crack) distance D in the section partition, and determining the Kv' value, wherein D is the ratio of the joint (crack) distance D to the section span B:
wherein d is i The interval of single-group joints (cracks) in each area of the section is defined;
determining K from D value in comparison with Table 3 v ' the value of (a),
TABLE 3D and K v ' comparison table
| D/m | ＞5 | 1～5 | 0.2～1 | 0.05～0.2 | ＜0.05 |
| K v ’ | ＞0.75 | 0.75～0.55 | 0.55～0.35 | 0.35～0.15 | ＜0.15 |
e. In large-span underground caverns, R c The corresponding reduction is carried out on the span of the cave depot, and the reduction method comprises the following steps: according to the D value and the Kv' value obtained in the step e and the formula R c ’＝R c ·K v ' calculating a correction value of the compressive strength;
f. using R from step d and step e c ' and K v Calculating the BQ value of surrounding rock of each subarea of the section;
g. according to the formula [ BQ]＝BQ-100(K 1 +K 2 +K 3 ) Calculating [ BQ]In the formula K 1 、K 2 、K 3 Respectively correcting the underground water state, the structural surface occurrence and the initial ground stress;
K 1 the correction factor is determined from table 4,
TABLE 4K 1 Correction value comparison table
K 2 The correction factor is determined from table 5,
TABLE 5K 2 Correction value comparison table
K 2 The angle between the direction of the structural plane and the axis of the hole in the corrected value is the direction of the structural plane and eachThe positive included angle of the directions (x, y and z),
K 3 the correction factor is determined by the table 6,
TABLE 6K 3 Correction value comparison table
h. G according to [ BQ ] of each subarea of the cross section obtained in the step g]I.e., [ BQ] xz In combination with [ BQ ] in step b] y The arithmetic mean value is obtained
As the comprehensive surrounding rock grading of the section, the grading standard is compared with the table 7; refining the basic surrounding rock grading, dividing the basic surrounding rock into sub-grades, and obtaining the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the underground cave depot by comparing with a table 8;
TABLE 7 basic grading Standard of surrounding rock
TABLE 8 basic grading and subdivision criterion for wall rock
i. And (4) guiding the maintenance during design, construction and operation by using the three-dimensional surrounding rock classification of the underground cave depot.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the influence of the super-large span underground cave depot size effect on the compressive strength and integrity of the rock is considered, so that the existing national standard surrounding rock grading standard is corrected, the surrounding rock grading is more accurate, and the construction is safer;
2. the method comprehensively considers the horizontal grading on the basis of the traditional longitudinal surrounding rock grading, so that the traditional one-dimensional grading is changed into three-dimensional grading, and the method is more visual and more accordant with the actual engineering situation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a conventional wall rock grading diagram;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A method for quickly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cave depot comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring the size data of the excavation section of the underground cave depot, wherein the data comprises a span B, a rise H and the like;
b. obtaining surrounding rock grading and its BQ value, i.e. [ BQ ], of underground cave depot in geological prospecting process] y I.e. one-dimensional (y-direction) grading in the traditional tunnel trend;
c. carry out geology sketch to the excavation section according to actual conditions to carry out the subregion to the section, the subregion specifically includes according to: calculating BQ value of surrounding rock in each section of the section, wherein BQ is 90+3R c +250K v In the formula, K v The surrounding rock integrity coefficient is the square (unit: km/s) of the ratio of the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass to the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass, namely:
if no actual measurement value exists, the number J can be adjusted according to the volume of the rock mass v Determined in comparison with Table 1, J v Refers to the number of joints per cubic meter,
TABLE 1J v And K v Comparison table
| J v Bar/m 3 | ＜3 | 3～10 | 10～20 | 20～35 | ＞35 |
| K v | ＞0.75 | 0.75～0.55 | 0.55～0.35 | 0.35～0.15 | ＜0.15 |
| Degree of integrity | Complete (complete) | Is more complete | Is relatively broken | Crushing | Extreme crushing |
The Rc is the uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock, and when the Rc has a measured value, the value is taken according to the measured value; if no measured value exists, the rock point load strength index can be adopted for conversion, and the formula is as follows:
I s(50) and R c And the corresponding relation of the qualitative value of the rock hardness degree is shown in a table 2,
TABLE 2I s(50) And R c Comparison table
| I s(50) /MPa | ＞3.63 | 1.44～3.63 | 0.57～1.44 | 0.13～0.57 | ＜0.13 |
| R c /MPa | ＞60 | 30～60 | 15～30 | 5～15 | ＜5 |
| Qualitative value | Hard rock | Harder rock | Softer rock | Soft rock | Very soft rock |
d. In large-span underground caverns, K v Correcting the span of the cave depot, which comprises the following steps: calculating the relative joint (fracture) distance D in the section partition, and determining a Kv' value, wherein D is the ratio of the joint (fracture) distance D to the section span B:
wherein d is i The interval of single-group joints (cracks) in each area of a section is defined;
determining K from the D value in comparison with Table 3 v The value of (a) is,
TABLE 3D and K v ' comparison table
| D/m | ＞5 | 1～5 | 0.2～1 | 0.05～0.2 | ＜0.05 |
| K v ’ | ＞0.75 | 0.75～0.55 | 0.55～0.35 | 0.35～0.15 | ＜0.15 |
e. In a large-span underground cave depot, Rc correspondingly reduces the span of the cave depot, and the reduction method comprises the following steps: according to the D value and the Kv' value obtained in the step e and the formula R c ＝R c ·K v ' calculating a correction value of the compressive strength;
f. using R from step d and step e c ' and K v Calculating the BQ value of surrounding rock of each subarea of the section;
g. according to the formula [ BQ]＝BQ-100(K 1 +K 2 +K 3 ) Calculating [ BQ ]]In the formula K 1 、K 2 、K 3 Respectively correcting the underground water state, the structural surface attitude and the initial ground stress;
K 1 the correction factor is determined from table 4,
TABLE 4K 1 Correction value comparison table
K 2 The correction factor is determined from table 5,
TABLE 5K 2 Correction value look-up table
K 2 The included angle between the structural surface direction and the hole axis in the corrected value is the included angle between the structural surface direction and the positive directions (x, y and z) of all directions,
K 3 the correction factor is determined by the table 6,
TABLE 6K 3 Correction value comparison table
h. G according to [ BQ ] of each subarea of the cross section obtained in the step g]I.e., [ BQ] xz Combining [ BQ ] in step b] y The arithmetic mean value is obtained
As the comprehensive surrounding rock grading of the section, the grading standard is compared with the table 7; refining the basic surrounding rock grading, dividing the basic surrounding rock into sub-grades, and obtaining the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the underground cave depot by comparing with a table 8;
TABLE 7 basic grading Standard of surrounding rock
TABLE 8 basic grading Standard refinement of surrounding rock
And (4) guiding the maintenance during design, construction and operation by using the three-dimensional surrounding rock classification of the underground cave depot.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the description is only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims. The technical solutions of the present invention or those skilled in the art, based on the teaching of the technical solutions of the present invention, should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention or equivalent technical solutions designed to achieve the above technical effects are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for quickly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cave depot is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. acquiring excavation section size data of an underground cave depot;
b. obtaining a geological survey processGrading of surrounding rock in underground caverns and its BQ value, i.e. [ BQ ]] y ；
c. Performing geological sketch on an excavated section, partitioning the section, and calculating the BQ value of the surrounding rock of the section partition, wherein BQ =90+3R c +250K v In the formula K v Is the coefficient of integrity of the surrounding rock, R c The uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock is obtained;
d. K v correcting the span of the cave depot, and the specific method comprises the following steps: calculating the relative joint distance D in the section partition to determine K v ’ A value;
in step D, K is determined according to the D value in comparison with Table 3 v ’ The value of the one or more of the one,
TABLE 3D and K v ’ Comparison table
D is the ratio of the joint spacing D to the section span B:
wherein d is i The pitch of a single group of joints in each partition range of a section is defined;
e. R c the method for reducing the span of the cave depot comprises the following steps: d value and Kv value obtained according to step D ’ Value according to the formula R c ’ =R c ·K v ’ Calculating a corrected value of the compressive strength;
f. r using step d and step e c ’ And K v ’ Calculating the BQ value of the surrounding rock of each subarea of the section;
g. according to the formula [ BQ]=BQ-100(K 1 +K 2 +K 3 ) Calculating [ BQ]In the formula K 1 、K 2 、K 3 Respectively correcting the underground water state, the structural surface attitude and the initial ground stress;
h. according to the steps[ BQ ] of each section obtained in step g]I.e., [ BQ] xz In combination with [ BQ ] in step b] y Calculating the arithmetic mean thereof
Grading as comprehensive surrounding rock; refining the basic surrounding rock grading, and dividing the basic surrounding rock into sub-grades to obtain the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the underground cave depot;
i. and (4) guiding the maintenance during design, construction and operation by using the three-dimensional surrounding rock classification of the underground cave depot.
2. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein: kv in the step c is a surrounding rock integrity coefficient, which means the square of the ratio of the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass to the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass, and the unit is km/s, namely:
if no actual measurement value exists, the number J can be adjusted according to the volume of the rock mass v As determined by referring to table 1 below,
TABLE 1J v And K v Comparison table
J v Refers to the number of joints per cubic meter.
3. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of the large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step c, Rc is uniaxial saturated compressive strength of the rock, if no actual measurement value exists, conversion can be performed by adopting a rock point load strength index, and the formula is as follows:
I s(50) and R c And the corresponding relation of the qualitative value of the rock hardness degree is shown in a table 2,
TABLE 2I s（50） And R c Comparison table
And when the Rc has a measured value, taking the value according to the measured value.
4. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of the large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step g, K 1 The correction factor is determined from table 4,
TABLE 4K 1 Correction value comparison table
K 1 To correct for the state of groundwater.
5. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step g, K 2 The correction factor is determined from table 5,
TABLE 5K 2 Correction value look-up table
K 2 The included angle between the direction of the structural plane and the axis of the hole in the corrected value is the included angle between the direction of the structural plane and the positive directions of x, y and z in each direction, K 2 The correction is carried out on the structural surface attitude.
6. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step g, K 3 The correction factor is determined by the table 6,
TABLE 6K 3 Correction value look-up table
K 3 A correction for the initial ground stress.
7. The method for rapidly grading surrounding rocks of a large-span underground cavern as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step h, the classification of the surrounding rocks is integrated and compared with the table 7,
TABLE 7 basic grading Standard of surrounding rock
The basic surrounding rock grading standard is refined to obtain the refinement standard shown in the table 8,
TABLE 8 basic grading and subdivision criterion for wall rock
And obtaining the three-dimensional surrounding rock grading of the large-span underground cave depot.
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| CN112832863B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-04-29 | 西南交通大学 | Grading method suitable for soft rock tunnel deformation grade under action of ultrahigh ground stress |
| CN114240262B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-13 | 加华地学(武汉)数字技术有限公司 | Method and system for realizing quality grading of various surrounding rocks based on set of single index data |
| CN117131568B (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2024-05-03 | 重庆蟠龙抽水蓄能电站有限公司 | Underground cavern roof arch deformation control standard establishment method based on rock mass limit strain |
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