CN111324863A - Mechanical state detection method and electronic device - Google Patents
Mechanical state detection method and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical state detection method and electronic equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a mechanical vibration signal; calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal, wherein the distribution state comprises the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal; and determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signals. The distribution state of the vibration signal is analyzed to obtain the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal, and the working state of the machine can be determined based on the distribution state of the vibration signal by combining the attribute of the vibration signal corresponding to the state of the machine. And then the current state of the machine can be visually and accurately checked. Compared with manual inspection, the method is more convenient, visual and accurate. And reliable data support can be provided for the oil consumption information, the working time length information, the workload and other information corresponding to the state of the machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a mechanical state detection method and electronic equipment.
Background
With the continuous development of society and the continuous progress of science and technology, mechanized and automatic production gradually becomes a development trend. For example, engineering machinery is adopted in engineering construction, automobiles are adopted for travel, and production machinery is adopted for production. The development and realization of mechanical automation lead mechanical production to a new field, and by an automatic control system, the industrial production is really realized, the labor intensity is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
Taking an engineering machine as an example, the engineering machine is mainly used for various construction projects, and generally works in construction environments of various mechanical industries. Because construction sites are often sparse, such as construction sites of expressways, high-speed rails and the like, it is difficult to effectively realize the workload statistics of constructors and the oil consumption information statistics and monitoring of engineering instruments.
Therefore, how to effectively realize statistics of related information such as workload of machine operators and oil consumption information of machines becomes an urgent technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is how to effectively realize statistics of related information such as workload of mechanical operators and oil consumption information of machinery, and the like, and becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a mechanical state, including: acquiring a mechanical vibration signal; calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal, wherein the distribution state comprises the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal; and determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signals.
Optionally, the calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal includes: calculating a fluctuation value of the vibration signal; obtaining a fluctuation threshold value based on the fluctuation value; and determining the distribution state of the vibration signal according to the fluctuation value and the fluctuation threshold value.
Optionally, the calculating the fluctuation threshold based on the fluctuation value comprises: counting a percentile curve of the fluctuation value of the vibration signal; determining the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve.
Optionally, the determining the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve comprises: calculating the earliest stable interval point in a preset percentile interval in the percentile curve; and linearly fitting the fluctuation threshold value based on the early stable interval point.
Optionally, the state information includes an active state and a quiescent state; the determining of the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal includes: judging whether the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is greater than the fluctuation threshold value; when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is larger than the fluctuation threshold value, determining that the state information of the machine is in an active state; and when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is smaller than or equal to the fluctuation threshold value, determining that the state information of the machine is in a static state.
Optionally, the calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal includes: and carrying out frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal to obtain a frequency spectrum of the vibration signal.
Optionally, the active state comprises an idle state and an active state; the determining of the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal includes: obtaining the frequency spectrum stability of the vibration signal based on the frequency spectrum; judging whether the frequency spectrum stability is higher than or equal to a preset stability; when the frequency spectrum stability is higher than the preset stability, determining that the active state is the idle state; and when the stability is lower than the preset stability, determining that the activity state is the running state.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a statistical method for relevant information of a machine, including: acquiring state information obtained by the mechanical state detection method of any one of the first aspect; and counting relevant information of the machine based on the state information.
Optionally, the related information includes oil consumption information and/or workload information of a machine operator.
According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanical state detection apparatus, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring a mechanical vibration signal; the calculation module is used for calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal, and the distribution state comprises the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal; and the judging module is used for determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal.
According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer instructions are stored, and the computer instructions are configured to cause the computer to execute the machine state detection method according to any one of the above first aspects and/or the machine related information statistical method according to any one of the above second aspects.
According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method for detecting a condition of a machine according to any one of the first aspect and/or the method for counting information related to a machine according to any one of the second aspect.
The distribution state of the vibration signals is analyzed to obtain the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signals, and the working state of the machine can be determined based on the distribution state of the vibration signals by combining the attributes of the vibration signals corresponding to the state of the machine. Furthermore, information related to the machine, such as workload of operators or oil consumption information of the machine, can be counted through the state of the machine, the problem that the workload of mechanical operators and the oil consumption of instruments which are too dispersed at present are difficult to be counted effectively can be solved effectively, and reliable data support can be provided for the oil consumption information corresponding to the state of the machine, the working duration information, the workload and other information.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a mechanical state detection method of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a mechanical condition sensing device of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an electronic device of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting the mechanical state, in particular to a method for detecting the mechanical state of a mechanical working machine, which is characterized in that the working place of mechanical operation is often in a wide and rare place, especially for engineering machinery, for example, the working range of the engineering machinery in high-speed railway construction and high-speed construction sites is large, the personnel management is difficult, especially the statistics of the workload of the personnel and the management of the oil consumption of engineering equipment are more difficult, therefore, how to effectively count the workload of the over-dispersed mechanical operators and the oil consumption of the equipment is always a difficult problem for the construction side, and the inventor finds out through research, the information related to the work load/oil consumption and the like can be counted according to the state of the machine, when an operator operates the machine for construction, the machine is in a running state, and when the operator has a rest, the machine is in an idling or static state, therefore, the workload/fuel consumption can be effectively counted by detecting the state of the machine. Therefore, the inventor researches and discovers that the vibration signal of the machine in a static state has extremely small fluctuation, the vibration signal in an active state has sharply increased fluctuation, and the fluctuation degree is along with the intensity degree of the activity. Therefore, the machine can be judged to be in a movable or static state through the calculated fluctuation degree of the vibration signal. In addition, when the machine is in an active state, the idle state of the machine is relatively stable in the vibration of the machine compared to the running state, and the frequency of the vibration signal of the machine is stable compared to the frequency of the mechanical vibration signal in the running state. Based on this property of the machine, the inventors have proposed a machine condition detection method to count information related to the machine by detecting the condition of the machine. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method for detecting a mechanical state may include the following steps:
s11, obtaining a mechanical vibration signal. In this embodiment, the raw vibration signal of the engine may be collected by a sensor mounted on the machine, wherein the sensor may include an acceleration sensor, and for example, a six-axis sensor may be adopted, wherein the six-axis sensor includes a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope, and the raw vibration signal of the engine is collected by the three-axis accelerometer. In this embodiment, sampling may be performed at a predetermined sampling frequency, for example, X points per second, acquired at interval Y s. In actual implementation, the acquired data may be sampled at any sampling frequency, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and it can be known through analysis that the higher the sampling frequency is, the more accurate the reduction degree of the engine speed is, the information such as terminal power consumption is comprehensively considered, and the actual sampling frequency may be adjusted according to an actual condition. As an alternative embodiment, if the sensor is mounted on or near the engine and the original vibration signal of the engine is directly sampled, in this embodiment, the sampling frequency of the original vibration signal may be not less than 2 times of the maximum frequency of the engine vibration according to the nyquist sampling theorem, that is, in order to recover the analog signal without distortion. Under the normal condition, the maximum frequency of the engine vibration is less than 300HZ, and according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, the frequency spectrum information can be accurately obtained only by the sampling frequency of more than 600 HZ. Of course, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above sampling frequency is only an exemplary illustration for explaining the sampling rate, and does not represent the limited range of the embodiment, and any sampling rate for the acquisition of the mechanical vibration signal is within the protection scope of the embodiment.
And S12, calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal, wherein the distribution state comprises the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal. In this embodiment, the amplitude and the frequency of the vibration signal may be analyzed, so as to obtain the fluctuation degree and the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal. The six-axis fluctuation is extremely small in the static state and sharply increased in the active state based on the attribute characteristics of the static and active machines, and the fluctuation degree is along with the intensity of the active. Therefore, the machine can be judged to be in a movable or static state through the calculated fluctuation degree of the vibration signal. In addition, since the idling state of the machine is relatively stable in vibration of the machine compared to the running state when the machine is in the active state. Therefore, the fluctuation degree distribution and the frequency distribution of the vibration signal can be obtained by analyzing the fluctuation degree and the frequency of the acquired vibration signal.
And S13, determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal. As an exemplary embodiment, since the vibration signal of the machine fluctuates little in the stationary state, the fluctuation of the vibration signal in the active state increases sharply, the fluctuation degree varies with the intensity of the activity, and there is a large difference between the maximum fluctuation degree of the stationary state and the minimum fluctuation degree of the active state, i.e., it is very difficult for the value of the fluctuation degree to fall between the maximum fluctuation degree of the stationary state and the minimum fluctuation degree of the active state. Therefore, the fluctuation degree threshold is found through a statistical calculation mode and is made to fall into the interval, the state which is larger than the threshold is the active state, and the state which is smaller than the threshold is the static state. In addition, the frequency distribution state of the vibration signals is counted, the frequency distribution characteristic of the vibration signals in the idle state and the frequency distribution characteristic of the vibration signals in the running state are extracted, and the running state or the idle state of the machine in the active state is determined according to the distribution state of the vibration signals obtained through calculation.
The distribution state of the vibration signals is analyzed to obtain the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signals, and the state information of the machine can be determined based on the distribution state of the vibration signals by combining the attributes of the vibration signals corresponding to the state of the machine. And then the current state of the machine can be visually and accurately checked. Compared with manual inspection, the method is more convenient, visual and accurate. And reliable data support can be provided for the oil consumption information, the working time length information, the workload and other information corresponding to the state of the machine.
As an exemplary embodiment, the fluctuation intensity of the vibration signal is measured by using the standard deviation SD of the signal, the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is calculated, that is, the standard deviation of the vibration signal is calculated, after the standard deviation is calculated, the obtained vibration signal can be determined according to the fluctuation threshold, the state corresponding to the vibration signal greater than the threshold is the active state, and the state corresponding to the vibration signal less than or equal to the threshold is the static state. For the frequency distribution of the vibration signal, a fast Fourier transform can be adopted to perform frequency domain analysis on the signal, and the peak value of the frequency spectrum per second is calculated. The operating state and the idle state are discriminated based on the spectral peak. Specifically, the frequency spectrum stability of the vibration signal may be obtained based on the frequency spectrum; judging whether the frequency spectrum stability is higher than a preset stability or not; when the frequency spectrum stability is higher than the preset stability, determining that the active state is the idle state; and when the stability is lower than the preset stability, determining that the activity state is the running state.
As an exemplary embodiment, for the determination of the threshold, at the beginning of the application, an initial threshold may be determined first according to experience, for example, according to the type, model, etc. of the machine, and then the initial threshold may need to be adjusted according to the situation in the actual application process.
Specifically, when the vibration signal is acquired, the characteristic sound of the acquired signal may be changed, for example, the influence on the mean value of the vibration signal is large, when the acquisition frequency of the vibration signal is large, noise is increased, the standard deviation is increased as a whole, the influence of the six-axis posture on the standard deviation is increased, and the mean value is increased in a floating manner and the center is shifted. For the influence of the frequency of the vibration signal, as the standard deviation is increased integrally, the six-axis attitude inclination degree has larger influence on the standard deviation mean value, and the single peak of the original frequency statistics is easily split into two peaks. Therefore, in the practical application process, a threshold value may be changed, and specifically, a percentile curve of the fluctuation value of the vibration signal may be counted; determining the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve. As a specific example, a statistical curve of frequencies within a standard deviation range in a mechanical static state may be counted, a percentile curve may be calculated using the curve, an earliest stable interval point (SDvalue, Percent) where the magnitude of the percentile curve is within a range of 0.95 to 1 may be calculated, SdThreshold may be calculated using linear fitting, and the calculated independent variable is a distance from the Percent to 1, SdThreshold is SDvalue (1+ (1-Percent) Z). Wherein, SdThreshold is a fluctuation threshold, SDvalue is a corresponding fluctuation value in the earliest stable interval point, Percent is a corresponding percentile in the earliest stable interval point, and Z is a scaling constant factor.
Specifically, the running state and the idle state can be distinguished by adopting a machine learning mode, specifically, a large amount of machine acquisition data can be calibrated to obtain a training sample, a machine learning model is obtained through a supervised learning algorithm, when the running state and the idle state are distinguished, a frequency spectrum peak value obtained through fast Fourier transform is used as input, and the running state and the idle state are used as output.
As an exemplary embodiment, the machine learning model may be built as follows. Decision trees are a tree structure applied to classes, where each internal node represents a test for a certain attribute, and leaf nodes represent a certain class. The decision process starts from a root node, compares the data to be tested with the characteristic nodes in the decision tree, and selects the next comparison branch according to the comparison result until leaf nodes serve as the final decision result, wherein common decision tree algorithms comprise an ID3 algorithm, a C4.5 algorithm and a CART algorithm. The method and the device build a machine learning model through a CART algorithm by a server.
And randomly dividing the data obtained by calibration into a training set and a testing set, wherein the data volume of the training set is 80% of the total data volume, the classification number is set as the frequency spectrum peak value number, the maximum depth of the decision tree is the peak value number, and the iteration number is 5, so as to establish the decision tree. After the training model is determined, testing the model through the data in the test set, calculating the error ratio of the result, and when the error ratio is less than 6%, determining that the learning model is successfully established.
The above algorithm for determining the samples and establishing the machine learning model is an optional implementation manner, and in the actual calculation process, various manners existing in the prior art can be adopted to determine the training samples and determine the machine learning model through the corresponding learning algorithm.
After the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal is obtained, the frequency distribution state is input into a trained machine learning model, the activity state of the machine is classified, and finally the activity state is determined to be a running state or an idling state.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanical state detection apparatus, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus may include: the acquisition module 10 is used for acquiring a mechanical vibration signal; a calculating module 20, configured to calculate a distribution state of the vibration signal, where the distribution state includes a fluctuation value distribution state and/or a frequency distribution state of the vibration signal; and the judging module 30 is used for determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal.
Optionally, the calculation module comprises: a calculation unit for calculating a fluctuation value of the vibration signal; a first fluctuation threshold value determination unit configured to obtain a fluctuation threshold value based on the fluctuation value; and the distribution state determining unit is used for determining the distribution state of the vibration signal according to the fluctuation value and the fluctuation threshold value.
Optionally, the calculating the fluctuation threshold based on the fluctuation value comprises: the statistical unit is used for counting a percentile curve of the fluctuation value of the vibration signal; a second fluctuation threshold determination unit configured to determine the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve.
Optionally, the second fluctuation threshold determining unit is further configured to calculate an earliest stable interval point in a preset percentile interval in the percentile curve; and linearly fitting the fluctuation threshold value based on the early stable interval point.
Optionally, the state information includes an active state and a quiescent state; the determination module includes: a first judgment unit configured to judge whether a fluctuation value of the vibration signal is greater than the fluctuation threshold value; a first determination unit configured to determine that the state information of the machine is an active state when a fluctuation value of the vibration signal is greater than the fluctuation threshold; a second determination unit configured to determine that the state information of the machine is in a stationary state when a fluctuation value of the vibration signal is less than or equal to the fluctuation threshold value.
Optionally, the calculation module comprises: and the frequency domain analysis unit is used for carrying out frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal to obtain the frequency spectrum of the vibration signal.
Optionally, the active state comprises an idle state; the judging module is also used for judging whether the frequency spectrum stability is higher than a preset stability; when the frequency spectrum stability is higher than the preset stability, determining that the active state is the idle state; and when the stability is lower than the preset stability, determining that the activity state is the running state.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for counting relevant information of a machine, wherein the relevant information can be oil consumption information of the machine or workload information of a machine operator, and specifically can be calculated through specific state information of the machine. When the oil consumption is counted, the oil consumption in the current preset time period of the machine can be calculated by combining the operation state duration, the idle state duration, the static state duration and the current average oil consumption of the machine, for example, the daily oil consumption and the weekly oil consumption can be counted, and data support can be provided for monitoring the actions of oil stealing/oil stealing and the like. An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 3, which includes one or more processors 31 and a memory 32, and one processor 33 is taken as an example in fig. 3.
The controller may further include: an input device 33 and an output device 34.
The processor 31, the memory 32, the input device 33 and the output device 34 may be connected by a bus or other means, and fig. 3 illustrates the connection by a bus as an example.
The processor 31 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processor 31 may also be other general purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations thereof. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 32, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, can be used for storing non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the control methods in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 31 executes various functional applications of the server and data processing by running non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 32, namely, implements the mechanical state detection method of the above-described method embodiment.
The memory 32 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to use of a processing device operated by the server, and the like. Further, the memory 32 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 32 may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor 31, which may be connected to a network connection device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The input device 33 may receive input numeric or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the processing device of the server. The output device 34 may include a display device such as a display screen.
One or more modules are stored in the memory 32, which when executed by the one or more processors 31 perform the method as shown in fig. 1.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program to instruct related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program can include the processes of the embodiments of the motor control methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-only memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a flash memory (FlashMemory), a hard disk (hard disk drive, abbreviated as HDD) or a Solid State Drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium may also comprise a combination of memories of the kind described above.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of detecting a mechanical condition, comprising:
acquiring a mechanical vibration signal;
calculating the distribution state of the vibration signal, wherein the distribution state comprises the fluctuation value distribution state and/or the frequency distribution state of the vibration signal;
and determining the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signals.
2. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the distribution state of the vibration signal includes:
calculating a fluctuation value of the vibration signal;
obtaining a fluctuation threshold value based on the fluctuation value;
and determining the distribution state of the vibration signal according to the fluctuation value and the fluctuation threshold value.
3. The detection method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the fluctuation threshold based on the fluctuation value by the meter comprises:
counting a percentile curve of the fluctuation value of the vibration signal;
determining the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve.
4. The detection method of claim 3, wherein the determining the fluctuation threshold based on the percentile curve comprises:
calculating the earliest stable interval point in a preset percentile interval in the percentile curve;
and linearly fitting the fluctuation threshold value based on the early stable interval point.
5. The detection method according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the state information comprises an active state and a quiescent state;
the determining of the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal includes:
judging whether the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is greater than the fluctuation threshold value;
when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is larger than the fluctuation threshold value, determining that the state information of the machine is in an active state;
and when the fluctuation value of the vibration signal is smaller than or equal to the fluctuation threshold value, determining that the state information of the machine is in a static state.
6. The detection method according to claim 5, wherein the calculating of the distribution state of the vibration signal includes:
and carrying out frequency domain analysis on the vibration signal to obtain a frequency spectrum of the vibration signal.
7. The detection method of claim 6, wherein the active state includes an idle state and a run state;
the determining of the state information of the machine based on the distribution state of the vibration signal includes:
obtaining the frequency spectrum stability of the vibration signal based on the frequency spectrum;
judging whether the frequency spectrum stability is higher than or equal to a preset stability;
when the frequency spectrum stability is higher than or equal to the preset stability, determining that the active state is the idle state;
and when the stability is lower than the preset stability, determining that the activity state is the running state.
8. A method for statistics of machine-related information, comprising:
acquiring state information obtained by the mechanical state detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
and counting relevant information of the machine based on the state information.
9. The machine information statistic method according to claim 8, wherein said related information includes fuel consumption information and/or workload information of machine operators.
10. An electronic device, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method of detecting a condition of a machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and/or the method of counting information about a machine according to claim 8 or 9.
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| CN113984185A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-28 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Mechanical equipment working hour calculation system and method |
| CN116277161A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 山东中济鲁源机械有限公司 | Mechanical arm dynamic deviation monitoring system based on three-dimensional model coordinates |
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| CN116277161A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-06-23 | 山东中济鲁源机械有限公司 | Mechanical arm dynamic deviation monitoring system based on three-dimensional model coordinates |
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