CN111322275A - Self-cooling system and method of closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by high-speed permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Self-cooling system and method of closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by high-speed permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322275A CN111322275A CN202010046655.8A CN202010046655A CN111322275A CN 111322275 A CN111322275 A CN 111322275A CN 202010046655 A CN202010046655 A CN 202010046655A CN 111322275 A CN111322275 A CN 111322275A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/5806—Cooling the drive system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor. After being cooled, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam at the outlet of the secondary compressor enters a closed system by utilizing pressure difference, and sequentially passes through a cooling channel to cool the motor and the bearing, so that the operation of the motor and the bearing in a safe temperature range is ensured. And the water vapor passing through the cooling channel is decompressed to the pressure of the first-stage inlet and then returns to the inlet of the first-stage compressor again for compression. The invention completely utilizes the compressed medium for cooling, and the cooling medium can be recycled without additional cooling equipment, thereby solving the cooling problem of the high-speed permanent magnet motor and the magnetic suspension bearing in a closed system, and leading the structure to be simpler and the cost to be lower. The sealing leakage gas can return to the inlet of the first-stage compressor for recompression through the cooling loop, so that the overall working efficiency of the compressor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cooling technology of a high-speed permanent magnet motor and a high-speed magnetic suspension bearing, in particular to a self-cooling system and a method of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by the high-speed permanent magnet motor.
Background
The centrifugal compressor directly driven by the high-speed permanent magnet motor saves intermediate transmission links such as a speed increasing box and the like, has small mechanical loss, high working efficiency and wide future application prospect, and the high-speed permanent magnet motor must be ensured to operate within a safe temperature range, so the heat dissipation design of the centrifugal compressor is extremely important. The traditional heat dissipation method is oil immersion cooling or surface circulating water cooling of a motor stator, and a motor rotor is cooled by using compressed air, so that a corresponding oil station, a water pump, a circulating heat dissipation system and a large amount of compressed cooling air are required to be configured, the structure is complex, and the heat dissipation method is not suitable for a closed centrifugal compressor system. Therefore, heat dissipation and cooling of the closed high speed motor direct drive steam centrifugal compressor system becomes an important issue in design.
At present, a cooling mode directly utilizing a compression medium also appears, and a patent 201710091125 discloses a cooling method and a cooling system for a high-speed permanent magnet motor direct-drive centrifuge rotor:
as shown in figure 1, the screw rod of the fixed impeller of the second-stage air inlet end of the centrifuge with two-stage compression, the axial center and the radial direction are communicated through a drill hole to form a coolant passage, and meanwhile, a plurality of holes communicated with the atmosphere are formed in the motor shell 36, so that the air pressure of the second-stage air inlet end is above 1.5bar when the centrifuge normally works, the air pressure inside the motor is low, the pressure difference enables normal-temperature gas at the air inlet end of the centrifuge to take away most heat inside the rotating shaft 42 through the axial center blind hole and the radial hole communicated with the blind hole, meanwhile, secondary heat exchange is carried out between the surface of the rotating shaft and the gas through rotation of the rotating shaft, cooling is achieved, and finally.
This patent is through trompil and atmosphere on motor casing and communicate with each other, reduces the inside atmospheric pressure of motor to atmospheric pressure, realizes the required pressure differential of cooling gas circulation, because the trompil communicates with each other with the atmosphere, only is applicable to the compression system that the air is the medium. The invention leads out the cooling gas from the outlet of the secondary compressor, directly utilizes the pressure difference between the outlet of the secondary compressor and the inlet of the primary compressor to overcome the resistance of the flow channel, leads the cooling gas to smoothly circulate without opening holes, and is suitable for closed systems of air and other media. Compared with the cooling by compressed air, the invention utilizes water vapor for cooling, the requirement on the cooling air quantity can be reduced by 77 percent, and the size of the cooling flow channel is more compact.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor, which solves the problem that the traditional cooling mode is not suitable for a closed system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a self-cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor comprises a first-stage impeller and a second-stage impeller which are fixed on a rotating shaft through a pull rod, wherein the first-stage impeller is hermetically arranged in a first-stage rear cover plate, and the first-stage rear cover plate is connected with a first-stage volute and a motor shell through bolts. The second-stage sealing is arranged in a second-stage rear cover plate, and the second-stage rear cover plate is connected with the second-stage volute and the motor shell through bolts. The radial support of the rotor is realized by supporting the magnetic suspension bearing, and the axial positioning of the rotor is realized by the thrust magnetic suspension bearing.
An air gap between the motor stator and the motor rotor forms a cooling channel in the motor stator winding. An air gap between the motor stator and the motor shell of the motor shell forms an outer cooling channel of the motor stator winding. An air gap between the primary side support magnetic suspension bearing and the rotating shaft forms a primary side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, an air gap between the secondary side support magnetic suspension bearing and the rotating shaft forms a secondary side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, and an air gap between the thrust magnetic suspension bearing thrust disc and the balance magnet and an air gap between the bearing and the rotating shaft form a thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel.
The motor and the bearing are cooled by completely utilizing the water vapor of a system compression medium, and a water vapor cooling loop comprises the following steps: the water vapor enters the first-stage impeller, is subjected to interstage cooling after passing through the first-stage volute, then enters the second-stage impeller, is cooled after passing through the second-stage volute, then enters the closed system from the steam inlet, sequentially passes through the second-stage side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, the thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel and the motor stator winding, passes through the outer cooling channel and the first-stage side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, then flows out from the steam outlet, is subjected to pressure reduction to the pressure of the inlet of the first-stage impeller through the pressure regulating valve, and returns to the inlet of the first-stage impeller after being cooled.
Water vapor leaking from the primary and secondary seals may enter the cooling circuit to be circulated.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention leads out the cooling gas from the outlet of the secondary compressor, directly utilizes the pressure difference between the outlet of the secondary compressor and the inlet of the primary compressor to overcome the resistance of the flow channel, leads the cooling gas to smoothly circulate without opening holes, and is suitable for closed systems of air and other media.
The invention completely utilizes the compressed medium for cooling, and the cooling medium can be recycled, compared with the traditional heat dissipation method, the invention does not need to be provided with a corresponding oil station, a water pump, a circulating heat dissipation system, a large amount of additional cooling equipment such as compressed cooling air and the like, compared with the method of utilizing water vapor for cooling, the method of utilizing water vapor for cooling can reduce the required cooling air amount by 77 percent, the size of a cooling flow channel is more compact, the problem of cooling a high-speed permanent magnet motor and a magnetic suspension bearing in a closed system is solved, the structure is more compact and simpler, and the cost is lower. The power for cooling gas circulation comes from the pressure difference between the outlet of the secondary compressor and the inlet of the primary compressor of the system, so that the invention is suitable for closed systems and different media, and widens the application range. The sealing leakage gas returns to the inlet of the first-stage compressor through the cooling loop to be compressed again, the overall efficiency of the compressor can be improved by 0.98%, and the overall working efficiency of the compressor is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a cooling method and a cooling system for a rotor of a direct-drive centrifuge of a high-speed permanent magnet motor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion denoted by reference numeral I in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 and 2 are enlarged partial views of reference numeral K.
In the figure: the device comprises a first-stage volute, a second-stage impeller, a steam outlet, a first-stage rear cover plate, a first-stage seal, a rotating shaft, a support magnetic suspension bearing, a motor shell, a motor stator, a motor rotor, a magnetic suspension bearing, a second-stage seal, a second-stage rear cover plate, a steam inlet, a second-stage impeller, a second-stage volute and a pressure regulating valve, wherein the first-stage volute is 1, the second-stage impeller is 2, the steam outlet is 3, the first-stage rear cover plate is 4, the first-stage seal is 5, the rotating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 2, the invention provides a self-cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor. Wherein, the first-stage impeller 2 and the second-stage impeller 15 are fixed on the rotating shaft 6 through a pull rod, the first-stage seal 5 is arranged in the first-stage rear cover plate 4, and the first-stage rear cover plate is connected with the first-stage volute 1 and the motor shell 8 through bolts. The secondary seal 12 is disposed in a secondary back cover plate 13, which is bolted to the secondary volute 16 and the motor housing 8. The radial support of the rotor is realized by supporting the magnetic suspension bearing 7, and the axial positioning of the rotor is realized by the thrust magnetic suspension bearing 11.
The air gap between the motor stator 9 and the motor rotor 10 forms a cooling channel in the motor stator winding. The air gap between the motor stator 9 and the motor housing 8 of the motor housing forms a cooling channel outside the motor stator winding. An air gap between the primary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing 7 and the rotating shaft 6 forms a primary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, an air gap between the rotating shaft 6 of the secondary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing 7 forms a secondary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, and an air gap between the thrust magnetic suspension bearing 11 thrust disc and the balance magnet and an air gap between the bearing and the rotating shaft 6 form a thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel.
The motor and the bearing are cooled by using a system compression medium, namely water vapor, and a water vapor cooling loop comprises the following steps: the water vapor enters the first-stage impeller 2, is subjected to interstage cooling after passing through the first-stage volute 1, then enters the second-stage impeller 15, is cooled after passing through the second-stage volute 16, then enters the closed system from the steam inlet 14, sequentially passes through the second-stage side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, the thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel and the motor stator winding, passes through the outer cooling channel and the first-stage side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, then flows out from the steam outlet 3, is subjected to pressure reduction to the pressure at the inlet of the first-stage impeller through the pressure regulating valve 17, and returns to the inlet of the first-stage impeller after being cooled to enter the.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, water vapor leaking from the primary seal 5 and the secondary seal 12 may enter the cooling circuit to be circulated.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the closed two-stage centrifugal compressor system, the pressure difference between the outlet of the second-stage compressor and the inlet of the first-stage compressor is utilized, high-temperature and high-pressure steam at the outlet of the second-stage compressor enters the closed system from the steam inlet 14 after being cooled, most of heat inside the closed system is taken away through a cooling channel of a motor and a bearing, the closed system is guaranteed to operate within a safe temperature range, and the cooled steam returns to the inlet of the first-stage compressor from 3 and participates in circulation again, so that self-cooling of the closed system is realized.
Example 1:
referring to the added figure 2, the figure 2 shows a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor with the rotating speed of more than 18600r/min and the power of more than 30 kW. The first-stage impeller 2 and the second-stage impeller 15 are fixed on the rotating shaft 6 through pull rods, the first-stage seal 5 is arranged in the first-stage rear cover plate 4, and the first-stage rear cover plate is connected with the first-stage volute 1 and the motor shell 8 through bolts. The secondary seal 12 is disposed in a secondary back cover plate 13, which is bolted to the secondary volute 16 and the motor housing 8. The radial support of the rotor is realized by supporting the magnetic suspension bearing 7, and the axial positioning of the rotor is realized by the thrust magnetic suspension bearing 11.
During normal operation, the heat dissipation capacity of the motor is greater than 0.6kW, the heat dissipation capacity of the supporting magnetic suspension bearing is greater than 0.5kW, the heat dissipation capacity of the thrust magnetic suspension bearing is greater than 0.2kW, the heat is required to be taken away by cooling gas, and the cooling process is as follows:
the primary centrifugal compressor sucks saturated vapor of 1000Pa and 7 ℃, superheated vapor of 2600Pa and 98 ℃ is generated after compression, the superheated vapor is removed through interstage cooling and enters the secondary centrifugal compressor, and superheated vapor of 5630Pa and 114 ℃ is generated after secondary compression. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam is cooled to eliminate overheating, the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃ which is the saturation temperature of 5630Pa, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters a closed system from a steam inlet 14, sequentially passes through a secondary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, a thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel and a motor stator winding, passes through an outer cooling channel and a primary side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, takes away heat inside a bearing and a motor, ensures that the bearing and the motor operate within a safe temperature range, then flows out from a steam outlet 3, reduces the pressure to 1000Pa which is the inlet pressure of a primary impeller through a pressure regulating valve 17, and returns to the inlet of the primary impeller after being.
The cooling gas state parameters entering the system from the steam inlet 14 are: pressure 5630Pa, temperature 35 ℃, enthalpy 2322.8 kJ/kg;
the cooling gas state parameters exiting the system from 3 are: the pressure is 1050Pa, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the enthalpy is 2650.8 kJ/kg;
the total heat dissipation capacity of the motor and the bearing which need to be taken away is as follows: 1.8kW
The required cooling gas flow rates were:
which translates to a volumetric flow rate of 448.
Under the same working condition, if the compressed air is adopted for cooling, the air quantity of the required compressed air is 2026. On the premise of realizing the same cooling effect, the required cooling air quantity is reduced by 77%, and the size of the cooling flow channel is more compact.
In the embodiment, the leakage rate of the primary side seal 5 is 2.38kg/h, the leakage rate of the secondary side seal 12 is 2.40kg/h, the leakage gas can return to the primary inlet through the cooling loop to be compressed again, and the overall efficiency can be improved by 0.98%. The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A self-cooling system of a closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by a high-speed permanent magnet motor is characterized in that: the centrifugal pump comprises a first-stage impeller (2) and a second-stage impeller (15), wherein the first-stage impeller (2) and the second-stage impeller (15) are fixed on a rotating shaft (6) through pull rods, a first-stage seal (5) is arranged in a first-stage rear cover plate (4), and the first-stage rear cover plate is connected with a first-stage volute (1) and a motor shell (8) through bolts; the secondary seal (12) is arranged in a secondary rear cover plate (13), and the secondary rear cover plate is connected with the secondary volute (16) and the motor shell (8) through bolts; the radial support of the rotor is realized by supporting the magnetic suspension bearing (7), and the axial positioning of the rotor is realized by the thrust magnetic suspension bearing (11);
an air gap between a motor stator (9) and a motor rotor (10) forms a motor stator winding internal cooling channel, an air gap between the motor stator (9) and a motor shell (8) forms a motor stator winding external cooling channel, an air gap between a primary side support magnetic suspension bearing (7) and a rotating shaft (6) forms a primary side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, an air gap between a secondary side support magnetic suspension bearing (7) and the rotating shaft (6) forms a secondary side support magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, and an air gap between a thrust disc and a balance magnet of a thrust magnetic suspension bearing (11) and an air gap between the bearing and the rotating shaft (6) form a thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel.
2. The use method of the self-cooling system of the closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by the high-speed permanent magnet motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein water vapor at the outlet of the second-stage compressor of the two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor enters the closed system from the steam inlet (14) by utilizing the pressure difference between the outlet of the second-stage compressor and the inlet of the first-stage compressor after being cooled, and the heat inside the bearing and the motor is taken away through the cooling channel.
3. The use method of the self-cooling system of the closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by the high-speed permanent magnet motor as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the motor and the bearing are cooled by using the system compression medium vapor, and the cooled vapor returns to the inlet of the first-stage compressor again to participate in compression and is recycled.
4. The use method of the self-cooling system of the closed two-stage centrifugal water vapor compressor directly driven by the high-speed permanent magnet motor as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the water vapor cooling loop comprises: the steam enters the first-stage impeller (2), is subjected to interstage cooling after passing through the first-stage volute (1), then enters the second-stage impeller (15), is cooled after passing through the second-stage volute (16), then enters the closed system from the steam inlet (14), sequentially passes through the second-stage side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, the thrust magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel and the motor stator winding, passes through the outer cooling channel and the first-stage side supporting magnetic suspension bearing cooling channel, then flows out of the steam outlet (3), reduces the pressure to the pressure of the inlet of the first-stage impeller through the pressure regulating valve (17), and returns to the inlet of the first-stage impeller after being cooled to enter the circulation again.
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CN112983849A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-18 | 西安交通大学 | Centrifugal compressor structure with axial force capable of being automatically balanced |
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CN113606258A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Cooling system, air suspension air compressor, air conditioner and car |
WO2022111411A1 (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-06-02 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Centrifugal compressor |
CN115200243A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-18 | 山东天瑞重工有限公司 | Magnetic suspension cooling unit and control method |
CN115566857A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-01-03 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所 | Magnetic suspension motor sealing-cooling device and method for refrigeration system |
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WO2022111411A1 (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-06-02 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Centrifugal compressor |
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CN116357592A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-30 | 山东华东风机有限公司 | Magnetic suspension air compression system and working method |
CN116357592B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2024-01-05 | 山东华东风机有限公司 | Magnetic suspension air compression system and working method |
CN117006073A (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2023-11-07 | 苏州氢启新能源科技有限公司 | Self-pressurizing cooling hydrogen fuel cell air compressor |
CN117588424A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 沈阳山图透平技术有限公司 | High-speed magnetic suspension centrifugal integrated process compressor |
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