CN111320804A - 一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料及其制备方法和应用。氧化铝多功能棚膜母料包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂，5～20份的氧化铝，1份防雾试剂,1～4份防流滴试剂和0.1份防紫外老化试剂。本发明的氧化铝多功能棚膜母料包括高分子树脂，氧化铝，防雾试剂和防流滴试，通过各组分的协同作用，可以改善棚膜的防流滴防雾性能，棚膜初滴时间在10min以内，后续每10滴所需时间均在120s以内，可以解决棚膜内的雾气现象，不影响作物的光照和生长，同时还能控制流滴性能，避免棚膜内壁结成大量水滴，影响光照，进而滴在植物上使植物溃烂，可以广泛应用于农膜、地膜和食品包装膜的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及棚膜技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
我国是人口大国，农业一直被大家重视，温室大棚在农业生产中起着举足轻重的作用。目前农用棚膜的加工可以分为内添加法和涂覆法。内添加法是指把各种功能助剂与基础树脂共混吹塑成膜，涂覆法是指将各种功能助剂均匀一致地涂在已具有一定功能的棚膜的表面。目前因为农用棚膜的广泛使用，棚膜性能的改善也日趋多样化，改善要求也越来越高。例如，针对夜间和白天温差较大晚上温度低的地区又或者是冬季，棚内温度流失严重，需要对棚膜进行改性，使得棚内温度不会下降过快，保障作物的生长。针对于春季和秋季，露水雾气严重的天气情况，通过需要消散棚内的雾气，避免雾气对作物的光照和生长产生不利影响。针对相对湿度大的地区，在温度较低的情况下，会造成塑料膜内壁结成大量水滴，且夏季温度过高，水蒸气凝结在棚上容易形成水滴，水滴既影响光照又容易滴在植物上，使植物溃烂，进一步影响植物生长，需要改善棚膜的防流滴性能。紫外线强度很高又频繁的地区，如中国新疆、西藏、高原，通常需要防紫外老化性能的改善，才能更利于植物的生长。
CN103571024B公开了一种聚烯烃防雾滴薄膜母料及其制备方法，该方法将EVA、改性氧化铝、防雾滴剂、EVA-g-BMA接枝物等按一定比例混合，通过内添加方式引入防雾滴薄膜母料能够制备出的防雾滴棚膜，以改善棚膜的防雾滴持效期。CN1358791A公开了一种制造农用棚膜用聚合物无机纳米复合组合物及其制备方法，包括热塑性树脂、无机纳米粉和防老化剂、防雾滴剂等其他助剂，但其公开的性能改善也只是对拉伸屈服强度和透光率的改善，并未给出棚膜滴流性能的改善启示。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有棚膜母料对棚膜性能改善的局限性，尤其是不能很好的改善棚膜滴流性能的缺陷和不足，提供一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供一种农用多功能棚膜。
本发明上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂，5～20份的氧化铝，1份防雾试剂，1～4份防流滴试剂和0.1份防紫外老化试剂。
在本发明的氧化铝多功能棚膜母料中选用高分子树脂作为基材，具有不透气性，保温效果好，拉伸性能好，高透光率，耐老化，易加工等优点。
氧化铝具有红外阻隔作，白天太阳照到地表的反射波被阻隔在棚内，使得棚内温度不会下降过快，防止棚内温度流失严重，有利于作物的生长；同时还有缓释流滴剂的作用，防流滴性能增强。氧化铝加少了，达不到效果，加多了影响棚膜的拉伸性能，吹膜时易结垢。
防雾试剂可以可以使棚的雾气消失，不会影响作物的光照和生长，加过多的量，也会影响作物生长。
防流滴试剂的作用为：减小流滴接触角，不会发生光散射影响作物生长，避免棚膜内壁结成大量水滴滴在植物上使植物溃烂，加多了也会影响作物生长，还增加成本。
优选地，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂，10份的氧化铝，1份防雾试剂，4份防流滴试剂和0.1份防紫外老化试剂。
优选地，所述高分子树脂为聚乙烯(PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、低线性密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚已二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)等的一种或多种，或为防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂改性后的高分子树脂。
其中高分子树脂改性的具体操作可以为：
首先将高分子树脂进行预辐照或等离子表面改性，然后接枝防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂的一种或多种，制备得到改性高分子树脂。其优势在于，可以增加有效防流滴期。
预辐照的具体条件为：用电子辐照加速器处理(参数设置：电子加速器功率120KW，加速电压3MeV,束长7.5cm，扫描宽度1.2m，传送速度4.8m/min，预辐照剂量为2KGy，常温常压空气气氛下进行)；
等离子表面改性的具体条件为：用等离子清洗机处理(参数设置：真空标准大气压下电压800-1000V，4-10min)。预辐照或等离子表面改性的作用为增加高分子树脂表面的官能团，产生活性粒子，使反应更活泼。
优选地，所述氧化铝为活性氧化铝和/或超细氧化铝，或为防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂改性后的氧化铝。其优势也在于，可以增加有效防流滴期。
其中，本发明的活性氧化铝优选粒径为大于50微米的活性氧化铝；
超细氧化铝优选粒径为大于1微米的超细氧化铝。超细氧化铝的防流滴性能优于活性氧化铝；
其中，氧化铝的改性具体可以采用如下方法：
S1.将无水乙醇和去离子水搅拌均匀，再加入氧化铝放入超声2小时；
S2.将KH560、无水乙醇和冰醋酸，搅拌水解1小时，得到水解液；
S3.将水解液加入超声后的氧化铝中并放置75℃下搅拌4小时，得到乳浊液，乳浊液离心机得到沉淀物，80℃下真空干燥；
S4.将防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂的一种或多种加入在75℃下加热，边搅拌边加入S3的氧化铝和偶氮二异丁腈，在氮气保护下反应8小时，得到改性后的氧化铝；
S5.将改性产物用乙醇洗涤直至液体透明，除去乙醇，60℃真空干燥得到最后产物。
进一步优选地，所述氧化铝为为粒径为2μm的超细氧化铝。
优选地，所述防雾剂为司盘20、司盘40、司盘60、司盘80、司盘85、吐温20、吐温40、吐温60、吐温80或吐温85。
优选地，所述防滴流剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和/或聚马来酸酐高级脂肪醇酯
本发明的高碳脂肪醇类的防流滴试剂优选分子量大于1000的高碳脂肪醇类，具有表面活性剂的作用。
优选地，还包括质量份数0.1份的防紫外老化试剂。
优选地，所述防紫外老化试剂为UV-9、UV-327、UV-81或UV-531。
本发明还保护一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料的制备方法，将各组分在180℃下共混，双螺杆挤出造粒得到氧化铝多功能棚膜母料。
本发明制备得到的氧化铝多功能棚膜母料除了应用在农膜制备上，还可以应用于地膜和食品包装膜，同时还可以加入除草剂、除虫剂、抗抑菌剂等增加棚膜的功能性。
本发明还保护一种农用多功能棚膜，所述农用多功能棚膜由所述农用氧化铝多功能棚膜母料吹膜制成，棚膜厚度≥0.1mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括高分子树脂，氧化铝，防雾试剂和防流滴试，通过各组分的协同作用，可以改善棚膜的防流滴防雾性能，棚膜初滴时间在10min以内，后续每10滴所需时间均在120s以内，可以解决棚膜内的雾气现象，不影响作物的光照和生长，同时还能控制流滴性能，避免棚膜内壁结成大量水滴，影响光照，进而滴在植物上使植物溃烂，可以广泛应用于农膜、地膜和食品包装膜的制备。
附图说明
图1为农膜制备流程图。
图2为活性氧化铝对棚膜保温性能的影响。
图3为超细氧化铝对棚膜保温性能的影响
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明，但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非另有说明，本发明实施例采用的原料试剂为常规购买的原料试剂。
实施例1
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂LLDPE，5份粒径为200目的活性氧化铝，1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和2份防流滴试剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531。
实施例2
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂LLDPE，5份粒径为2微米的超细氧化铝，1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和2份防流滴试剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531。
实施例3
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂LLDPE，10份粒径为200目的活性氧化铝，1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和4份防流滴试剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531。
实施例4
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂LLDPE，20份粒径为200目的活性氧化铝，1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和4份防流滴试剂聚马来酸酐高级脂肪醇酯，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531。
实施例5
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂LLDPE，10份AEO(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)-超细Al2O3，1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和4份防流滴试剂聚马来酸酐高级脂肪醇酯，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531。
氧化铝多功能棚膜母料的制备方法具体如下：
S1.将300ml无水乙醇和100mL去离子水加入到1000mL三口烧瓶中搅拌均匀，再加入4g粒径为2微米的超细Al2O3放入超声清洗机中超声2小时；
S2.称取0.8g KH560加入到100mL烧杯中，加入10mL无水乙醇和10mL冰醋酸放入磁力搅拌器上搅拌水解1小时，得到水解液；
S3.将水解液加入超声后的氧化铝中并放置75℃下搅拌4小时，得到乳浊液，乳浊液离心机得到沉淀物，80℃下真空干燥24h；
S4.称取18g脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚加入到100mL三口烧瓶中在恒温水浴锅中75℃加热，边搅拌边加入2g粒径为2微米的超细Al2O3和0.2g偶氮二异丁腈在氮气保护下反应8小时，得到改性后的氧化铝；
S5.取5g产物放入100ml烧杯中用乙醇洗涤直至液体透明，用旋转蒸发仪蒸发掉乙醇，放入真空干燥箱中60摄氏度干燥12小时，得到AEO-超细Al2O3，
将AEO-超细Al2O3与LLDPE、司盘80、吐温80、UV-531共混，然后在温度为180℃用双螺杆挤出机中挤出母料，用吹膜机制成农膜。
农膜制备流程图如图1所示。
实施例6
一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，制备方法与实例5相同，首先制备出AEO(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)-超细Al2O3，然后将LLDPE用预辐照或等离子体处理；再将AEO-超细Al2O3与LLDPE、司盘80、吐温80、UV-531共混，然后在温度为180℃用双螺杆挤出机中挤出母料，用吹膜机制成农膜。
对比例1
将LLDPE在温度为180℃用双螺杆挤出机中挤出母料，用吹膜机制成农膜。
对照例2
将100份LLDPE与1份防雾试剂(司盘80和吐温80)和2份防流滴试剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，0.1份防紫外老化试剂UV-531，在温度为180摄氏度用双螺杆挤出机中挤出母料，用吹膜机制成农膜。
结果检测
对上述实施例和对比例的棚膜流滴性能检测进行检测。其中棚膜流滴性能的检测方法如下：
取一块半径为15cm，厚度约为0.1mm的圆形棚膜，罩于500mL的烧杯上，杯口扎紧，烧杯内装有300mL水然后将烧杯置于60℃的恒温水槽中，呈15°倾角，环境温度为室温，记录下初滴时间以及后面每十滴所用的时间。
棚膜流滴性能评价指标如表1所示：
表1
检测结果见表2：
表2
| Sample | 初滴 | 第一个十滴 | 第二个十滴 | 第三个十滴 |
| 对照例1 | 14＇14＂ | 4＇27＂ | 4＇12＂ | 4＇00＂ |
| 对照例2 | 9＇56＂ | 3＇00＂ | 2＇05＂ | 2＇04＂ |
| 实施例1 | 9＇35＂ | 2＇40＂ | 2＇04＂ | 2＇05＂ |
| 实施例2 | 7＇18＂ | 1＇56＂ | 1＇23＂ | 1＇25＂ |
其中实施例1和实施例2分别添加活性Al2O3和超细Al2O3对棚膜保温性能的影响用傅里叶红外光谱仪检测，检测方法：剪直径1cm的棚膜放入样品台上，测红外反射光谱。
检测结果见图2和图3，结果显示添加了超细Al2O3的LLDPE大棚膜对棚内夜间放出的7～14微米波长段的红外线有明显的阻隔作用，使夜间温室大棚内温度增加，减少了棚内昼夜温差，起到了保温的效果。而添加活性Al2O3的LLDPE大棚膜的阻隔作用没有添加超细Al2O3的作用明显。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂，5～20份的氧化铝，1份防雾试剂，1～4份防流滴试剂和0.1份防紫外老化试剂。
2.如权利要求1所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，包括如下质量份数的组分：100份高分子树脂，10份的氧化铝，1份防雾试剂，4份防流滴试剂和0.1份防紫外老化试剂。
3.如权利要求1所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述高分子树脂为聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、低线性密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚已二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯等的一种或多种，或为防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂改性后的高分子树脂。
4.如权利要求1所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述氧化铝为活性氧化铝和/或超细氧化铝和/或纳米氧化铝，或为防雾剂、防流滴剂、防紫外老化剂改性后的氧化铝。
5.如权利要求4所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述氧化铝为为粒径为2μm的超细氧化铝。
6.如权利要求1所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述防雾剂为司盘20、司盘40、司盘60、司盘80、司盘85、吐温20、吐温40、吐温60、吐温80或吐温85。
7.如权利要求1所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述防滴流剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和/或聚马来酸酐高级脂肪醇酯。
8.如权利要求7所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料，其特征在于，所述防紫外老化试剂为UV-9、UV-327、UV-81或UV-531。
9.一种权利要求1～8任意一项所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料的制备方法，其特征在于，将各组分在180℃下共混，双螺杆挤出造粒得到氧化铝多功能棚膜母料。
10.一种农用多功能棚膜，其特征在于，所述农用多功能棚膜由权利要求1～8任意一项所述氧化铝多功能棚膜母料吹膜制成，棚膜厚度≥0.1mm。
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| CN114133651B (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2024-06-04 | 安徽国风新材料股份有限公司 | 一种持久型防雾无滴聚乙烯薄膜母料及其制备方法 |
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