CN111313973A - Microwave broadband signal processing method and microwave photon channelized receiver - Google Patents
Microwave broadband signal processing method and microwave photon channelized receiver Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The microwave broadband signal processing method and the microwave photon channelized receiver comprise the following steps: firstly, performing spectrum slicing on a microwave broadband signal based on a photoelectric hybrid loop; then, carrying out carrier extraction and wavelength division multiplexing de-multiplexing parallel processing on the optical signals after the spectrum slicing; and finally, constructing a coupling network, coupling each information wavelength output by wavelength division multiplexing and corresponding optical carrier waves into a photoelectric detector array, completing envelope detection, and finally realizing multi-path microwave signal output. The invention adopts microwave photon technology to perform channelized reception on broadband microwave signals, can break through the 'electronic bottleneck' of the traditional electronic microwave channelized receiver based on the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like of optical fibers, has the functions of super-large receiving bandwidth and tunable channel center frequency and channel gap compared with the traditional channelized receiver, and can be widely applied to the fields of communication, electronic warfare, aerospace and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the crossing field of microwave technology and optical communication technology, in particular to a microwave broadband signal processing method and a microwave photon channelized receiver.
Background
The microwave channelized receiver is a microwave receiving system which is used for carrying out channel division on a received microwave signal on a frequency domain, dividing a broadband signal into a plurality of narrow bands and sensing and receiving signals of different wave bands in parallel in real time. With the increasing rigor of military environments such as electronic countermeasure, a plurality of electronic bottlenecks of the traditional microwave circuit system cannot be ignored more and more, and the improvement of the system performance is seriously influenced. Firstly, the current microwave device has great loss in a high frequency band and cannot support the processing of ultra-wideband and multi-band radio frequency signals, particularly, a coaxial cable is used as a radio frequency transmission medium, the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is weak, the influence of climate change is serious, great loss is generated on the long-distance transmission of high-frequency signals, the loss is as high as 360dB/km @5.8GHz, and the loss is increased along with the increase of radio frequency, so that the high-frequency expansion of a system is limited; in addition, when the ultra-wideband signal is processed by directly adopting a digital technology, the channelized receiving requires high-fidelity digital bandwidth, and the target information is mined from the digital signal processing by utilizing the digital signal processing, so that the increase of the bandwidth also has great challenges to a high-speed processing chip, a high-speed sampling module and a high-storage memory, and the low-cost batch production of the devices cannot be realized in a short period; finally, the variability of the carrier center frequency of the signal to be received and the time variability of the multi-carrier interval put higher demands on the traditional channelized receiving system, and the tuning difficulty of the channel center frequency and the channel interval in the microwave frequency band based on the traditional technology is higher. In summary, the performance of wideband rf channelized receiving systems for processing signals in the conventional electrical domain is limited, and it is difficult to meet the current complex electromagnetic environment and civil and military requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microwave broadband signal processing method, which aims to break through the limitation of the existing channelized receiving technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microwave broadband signal processing method comprises the steps that firstly, a microwave broadband signal is subjected to spectrum slicing based on an electro-optical hybrid loop, the spectrum slicing comprises an electro-optical intensity modulation part and a cyclic slicing part, the electro-optical intensity modulation aims at converting the microwave signal into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator, so that up-modulation from an electrical domain to an optical domain is achieved, the cyclic slicing aims at completing a delay-superposition function of the signal based on the cycle of the signal in the electro-optical hybrid loop, multi-channel filtering is achieved through the spectrum slicing, and finally a plurality of channels are separated; then, carrying out carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing parallel processing on the optical signals after the spectrum slicing, splitting the extracted optical carriers into a plurality of beams through a coupler, and forming a one-to-one corresponding relation with the optical signals output by the wavelength division demultiplexing; and finally, constructing a coupling network, coupling each information wavelength output by wavelength division multiplexing and corresponding optical carrier waves into a photoelectric detector array, completing envelope detection, and finally realizing multi-path microwave signal output.
The optical signal after being spectrally sliced forms an 'optical comb' with equal intervals in a frequency domain, an optical carrier is positioned at the center of the optical comb, other wavelengths are all electric domain carriers, the up-conversion is realized through electro-optical intensity modulation, and the optical signal carries communication information.
Wherein the optical carrier is extracted by an optical narrow band filter.
The optical carrier is extracted by the optical narrow-band filter, and the information wavelengths are separated by the wavelength division multiplexer.
When the microwave broadband signal is subjected to spectrum slicing based on the photoelectric hybrid loop, a laser provides a light carrier, the light carrier is input into an electro-optical intensity modulator and then subjected to intensity modulation by the input broadband microwave signal, the microwave signal is converted into a light signal, the light signal is subjected to partial coupling output after time delay through a light delay line, the rest part of the light signal is continuously left in loop circulation, loss compensation is realized through an optical amplifier and then reaches a photoelectric detector to be reduced into a microwave signal, the microwave signal is regulated and controlled through a phase shifter and then returns to the electro-optical intensity modulator, secondary circulation is performed after intensity modulation of the light carrier, in the process, each circulation input signal is subjected to one time delay and one time phase shift, partial energy is coupled out, stable output is finally realized after numerous times of superposition, and spectrum slicing output is realized.
Preferably, the optical delay line adopts an adjustable optical delay line, and the channel interval is tuned by adjusting the length of the adjustable optical delay line; the phase shifter adopts an adjustable phase shifter, and the center frequency of a channel is tuned by adjusting the adjustable phase shifter, so that the tunability of an output channel is realized.
In addition, the present invention also provides a broadband tunable microwave optical sub-channelized receiver, which includes:
the spectrum slicing unit comprises a photoelectric mixed loop for performing spectrum slicing on the broadband microwave signal, the microwave signal is converted into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator in the photoelectric mixed loop, up-modulation from an electric domain to an optical domain is realized, meanwhile, the delay-superposition function of the signal is completed based on the circulation of the signal in the photoelectric mixed loop, multi-channel filtering is realized through the spectrum slicing, and a plurality of channels are finally separated;
the carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing unit is used for carrying out carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing parallel processing on the optical signals subjected to the spectrum slicing, splitting the extracted optical carriers into a plurality of beams through a coupler and forming a one-to-one corresponding relation with the optical signals output by the wavelength division demultiplexing;
and the envelope detection unit is used for constructing a coupling network and comprises a photoelectric detector array, and each information wavelength output by wavelength division multiplexing is coupled with a corresponding optical carrier respectively and enters the photoelectric detector array to complete envelope detection and finally realize multi-path microwave signal output.
The photoelectric hybrid loop comprises a laser, an electro-optical intensity modulator, an optical delay line, an optical coupler, an optical amplifier, a photoelectric detector and a phase shifter; the laser provides an optical carrier, the optical carrier is input into an electro-optical intensity modulator and becomes an optical signal after being modulated by the intensity of an input broadband microwave signal, the optical signal is partially coupled and output after being delayed by an optical delay line, the rest part of the optical carrier is continuously left in loop circulation, the optical signal reaches a photoelectric detector after being compensated by loss by the optical amplifier and is reduced into a microwave signal, the phase size of the microwave signal is regulated by the phase shifter and then returns to the electro-optical intensity modulator, the second circulation is carried out after the intensity of the optical carrier is modulated again, in the process, each circulation input signal is subjected to one time delay and one time phase shift and is coupled out partial energy frequency domain, stable output is finally realized after infinite superposition, namely, the output of a spectrum slice is realized, the optical signal after the spectrum slice is subjected to optical comb forming equal intervals, and the optical carrier is positioned at the center of the optical comb, other wavelengths are all electric domain carriers, and the up-conversion is realized through electro-optical intensity modulation, so that communication messages are carried.
Furthermore, the optical delay line is an adjustable optical delay line, and the channel interval is tuned by adjusting the length of the adjustable optical delay line; the phase shifter is an adjustable phase shifter, and the center frequency of the channel is tuned by adjusting the adjustable phase shifter, so that the tunability of the output channel is realized.
Further, the carrier extraction and demultiplexing unit comprises an optical narrowband filter and a demultiplexing multiplexer, the optical narrowband filter extracts the optical carrier, and the demultiplexing multiplexer separates the information wavelengths while the optical narrowband filter extracts the optical carrier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the invention breaks through the 'electronic bottleneck' of the traditional channelized receiving system, and completes the channelized processing of the microwave broadband signal in the optical domain based on the advantages of large bandwidth, low loss, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like of the optical fiber, thereby ensuring the ultra-large bandwidth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microwave broadband signal processing flow diagram;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a spectral slicing unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectral slicing principle;
FIG. 4 illustrates the amplitude-frequency response of the opto-electronic hybrid loop at different fiber lengths;
FIG. 5 illustrates the amplitude-frequency response of the opto-electronic hybrid loop at different phase shift angles;
fig. 6 is a channel division structure diagram.
Detailed Description
To facilitate a better understanding of the present invention as compared to the prior art by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the following detailed description is provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention specifically.
The implementation flow of the microwave broadband signal processing method related by the invention is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises three parts of 1, spectrum slicing 2, carrier extraction and wavelength division multiplexing demodulation 3, envelope detection, specifically:
firstly, the microwave broadband signal is subjected to 'spectral slicing' based on an optoelectronic hybrid loop, and the 'electro-optical intensity modulation' and the 'cyclic slicing' are included. The electro-optical intensity modulation aims at converting a microwave signal into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator to realize up-modulation from an electrical domain to an optical domain; the 'cyclic slicing' aims to complete the 'delay-superposition' function of signals based on the circulation of the signals in the photoelectric mixed loop, realize multi-channel filtering through frequency spectrum slicing, and finally separate a plurality of channels.
Then, the optical signal after the spectrum slicing is processed in parallel of carrier extraction and wavelength division multiplexing. The optical signal after the spectrum slicing forms an 'optical comb' with equal intervals in a frequency domain, an optical carrier is positioned at the center of the optical comb, other wavelengths are all electric domain carriers, up-conversion is realized through electro-optical intensity modulation, and communication information is carried. The optical carrier can be extracted through an optical narrow-band filter; meanwhile, each information wavelength is separated by a wavelength division demultiplexer.
And finally, constructing a coupling network, coupling each information wavelength with the optical carrier respectively, entering the photoelectric detector array, completing envelope detection, and finally realizing multi-path microwave signal output.
The specific structure and principle of the microwave optical-wave channelized receiver implementing the above-described procedure will be described in detail below.
First, spectrum slice
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a spectral slicing unit, which is a typical opto-electric hybrid loop. The laser provides optical carrier waves, the optical carrier waves are modulated by the intensity of broadband microwave signals after passing through the electro-optical intensity modulator and then are converted into optical signals, partial coupling output is achieved after time delay is achieved through an optical delay line, the rest part is continuously left in a loop for circulation, loss compensation is achieved through the optical amplifier, the optical signal reaches the photoelectric detector and is reduced into the microwave signals, the phase size of the microwave signals is adjusted and controlled through the phase shifter and then returns to the electro-optical intensity modulator, and secondary circulation is conducted after the intensity of the optical carrier waves is modulated again. Generally speaking, broadband microwave signals are converted into optical signals through an electro-optical intensity modulator, the optical signals are restored into microwave signals after passing through a photoelectric detector, each time of circulating input signals needs to be subjected to time delay and phase shift, partial energy is coupled out, and stable output, namely spectrum slice output, is finally achieved after countless times of superposition.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectral slice. As described above, the slicing process includes two parts, electro-optical intensity modulation and cyclic slicing. The 'cyclic slicing' aims at achieving multi-channel filtering through frequency spectrum slicing based on the 'delay-superposition' function of signals in the circulation of a photoelectric mixed loop, finally forming a plurality of channels, and inhibiting noise and stray signals outside the channels; the electro-optical intensity modulation aims at converting a microwave signal into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator to realize up-modulation from an electrical domain to an optical domain, and forming a spectrum based on a double-sideband intensity modulation principle by using an optical carrier lambda0Is centered and symmetricalDistribution, the corresponding mathematical relationship is:
λn’＝λ0-2πv/ωn
λn＝λ0+2πv/ωn
λnand λn' is the wavelength corresponding to the nth symmetric sideband, omeganAnd v is the transmission rate of light in the medium, wherein v is the central angular frequency corresponding to the nth channel.
The working principle of the spectrum slicing is as follows:
let the signal entering the electro-optical hybrid loop be s0＝AejωtWherein A is the amplitude of the signal, and omega is the angular frequency of the signal;
after one circulation, the process is
Wherein α is the loop insertion loss of a single cycle, t is the loop delay, and the value is determined by the length of the optical delay line as:
after the second circulation is
After the nth cycle (n → + ∞) is
The final output signal is the superposition of the signals after multiple cycles, which is:
further, the amplitude-frequency response of the system is obtained as follows:
as can be seen from the amplitude-frequency response, the amplitude is a periodic function of the optical delay t, and the peak value is determined by
Taking β -0.5 and α -0.5, and analyzing
And t on the amplitude-frequency response.
On the one hand, it is fixed
Analyzing the t-to-amplitude-frequency response, as shown in FIG. 4, the channel spacing of 10-12GHz was changed when the fiber length l was 0.25m and 0.5 m. That is, if a tunable optical delay line is employed, the channel spacing of the channelized reception system can be tuned by adjusting the length of the tunable optical delay line.
On the other hand, the fixed fiber length l was 0.5m, and analysis was conducted
For amplitude-frequency response, as shown in FIG. 5When the phase shift angles are pi/4, pi/2 and 3 pi/4 respectively (in the figure, the central frequency change curve diagram of the single channel when the phase shift angles are pi/4, pi/2 and 3 pi/4 respectively is sequentially arranged from right to left), the central frequency of the single channel within 10-12GHz changes, and the central frequency tends to move towards the left along with the increase of the phase shift angles. That is, if a tunable phase shifter is employed, the channel center frequency can be tuned by adjusting the tunable phase shifter.
In summary, based on the spectrum slicing unit shown in fig. 2, the channel interval of the channelized receiving system can be tuned by adjusting the length of the "tunable optical delay line", the channel center frequency can be tuned by adjusting the "tunable phase shifter", and finally, the tunability between the channel center frequency and the channel interval is realized while the ultra-large bandwidth is ensured. It should be noted that the frequency of the processing system is limited by the electro-optic modulator, which is an ultra-wideband device, and the electro-optic modulator at 40GHz is commercially and widely used, and it is difficult to realize the frequency by microwave technology to cover such a large bandwidth.
Carrier extraction and wavelength division multiplexing
The structure of the carrier extraction and wavelength division multiplexing unit is shown in fig. 6, the output signal after the spectrum slicing is divided into a branch 1 and a branch 2 signal stream, and the branch 1 signal enters the wavelength division multiplexer in the channel division structure of fig. 6 for wavelength division multiplexing; the signals of the branch 2 enter a filter in a channel division structure of fig. 6 for carrier extraction, and the extracted optical carriers are split into a plurality of beams by a coupler, so that the beams and the optical signals output by the demultiplexing and multiplexing form a one-to-one correspondence relationship.
Envelope detection
The envelope detection unit includes the detector array in fig. 6, the carrier extraction and the wavelength division demultiplexing form one-to-one corresponding light beam pairs, each light beam pair enters the detector array, envelope detection is realized, then output is respectively realized, and finally channel segmentation is realized. Specifically, the principle of envelope detection is:
let a certain light beam after wavelength division multiplexing be
Where Ω is the optical carrier frequency and ω isnThe center frequency corresponding to the nth channel; the optical carrier processed by carrier extraction is ejΩtAnd forming a light beam pair and then entering a detector for envelope detection.
Further, the input signal may be represented as the sum of two beams, which may be represented as
Having a strength of
Combining the above two formulas to obtain an intensity value of
J＝2+2cosωnt
The detector can only sense the intensity of incident light and carry out envelope detection on the incident light, and the output signal photocurrent can be expressed as
Io＝ρ·J
Wherein rho is the responsivity of the detector, and the two formulas are combined to obtain
Io＝2ρ(1+cosωnt)
The output photocurrent is composed of DC term IDC2r with the ac term IAC＝2ρcosωnt, the AC term is the signal term, and the detector is usually built-in with a DC-stop, so only the AC term IAC。
Further, each channel (C) output by the detector array1...Cn) Can be represented as
That is, after the ultra-wideband signal in the electrical domain is processed in the optical domain, the ultra-wideband signal is finally converted into an electrical signal through the signal processing in the optical domain, and channelized output is realized.
The invention adopts microwave photon technology to perform channelized reception on broadband microwave signals, can break through the 'electronic bottleneck' of the traditional electronic microwave channelized receiver based on the advantages of low loss, large bandwidth, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like of optical fibers, has the functions of super-large receiving bandwidth and tunable channel center frequency and channel gap compared with the traditional channelized receiver, and can be widely applied to the fields of communication, electronic warfare, aerospace and the like.
The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in other ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Some of the drawings and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to facilitate the understanding of the improvements over the prior art by those skilled in the art, and some other elements have been omitted from this document for the sake of clarity, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such omitted elements may also constitute the subject matter of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The microwave broadband signal processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, performing spectrum slicing on a microwave broadband signal based on an optoelectronic hybrid loop, wherein the spectrum slicing comprises electro-optical intensity modulation and cyclic slicing, the electro-optical intensity modulation aims at converting the microwave signal into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator so as to realize up-modulation from an electrical domain to an optical domain, the cyclic slicing aims at completing a delay-superposition function of the signal based on the cycle of the signal in the optoelectronic hybrid loop, realizing multi-channel filtering through the spectrum slicing, and finally separating a plurality of channels; then, carrying out carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing parallel processing on the optical signals after the spectrum slicing, splitting the extracted optical carriers into a plurality of beams through a coupler, and forming a one-to-one corresponding relation with the optical signals output by the wavelength division demultiplexing; and finally, constructing a coupling network, coupling each information wavelength output by wavelength division multiplexing and corresponding optical carrier waves into a photoelectric detector array, completing envelope detection, and finally realizing multi-path microwave signal output.
2. The microwave broadband signal processing method according to claim 1, wherein: the optical signal after the spectrum slicing is formed into an optical comb with equal intervals in a frequency domain, an optical carrier is positioned at the center of the optical comb, other wavelengths are all electric domain carriers, up-conversion is realized through electro-optical intensity modulation, and communication information is carried.
3. The microwave broadband signal processing method according to claim 1, wherein: the optical carrier is extracted by an optical narrow band filter.
4. A microwave broadband signal processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: while the optical carrier is extracted by the optical narrow band filter, each information wavelength is separated by the demultiplexer.
5. The microwave broadband signal processing method according to claim 1, wherein: when the microwave broadband signal is subjected to spectrum slicing based on the photoelectric hybrid loop, a laser provides a light carrier, the light carrier is input into an electro-optical intensity modulator and then modulated by the intensity of the input broadband microwave signal, the microwave signal is converted into a light signal, the light signal is subjected to partial coupling output after time delay through a light delay line, the rest part of the light signal is continuously left in loop circulation, loss compensation is realized through an optical amplifier and then reaches a photoelectric detector to be reduced into the microwave signal, the microwave signal is returned to the electro-optical intensity modulator after the phase size of the microwave signal is regulated and controlled by a phase shifter, second circulation is performed after the intensity of the light carrier is modulated again, in the process, each circulation input signal is subjected to one time delay and one time phase shift, partial energy is coupled out, stable output is finally realized after countless times of superposition, and the spectrum slicing output.
6. The microwave broadband signal processing method according to claim 5, wherein: the optical delay line adopts an adjustable optical delay line, and the channel interval is tuned by adjusting the length of the adjustable optical delay line; the phase shifter adopts a tunable phase shifter, and the tunable phase shifter is adjusted to tune the center frequency of the channel, so that the tunability of an output channel is realized.
7. A microwave, photonic-channelized receiver, comprising:
the spectrum slicing unit comprises a photoelectric mixed loop for performing spectrum slicing on the broadband microwave signal, the microwave signal is converted into an optical signal through intensity modulation based on an electro-optical intensity modulator in the photoelectric mixed loop, up-modulation from an electric domain to an optical domain is realized, meanwhile, the delay-superposition function of the signal is completed based on the circulation of the signal in the photoelectric mixed loop, multi-channel filtering is realized through the spectrum slicing, and a plurality of channels are finally separated;
the carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing unit is used for carrying out carrier extraction and wavelength division demultiplexing parallel processing on the optical signals subjected to the spectrum slicing, splitting the extracted optical carriers into a plurality of beams through a coupler and forming a one-to-one corresponding relation with the optical signals output by the wavelength division demultiplexing;
and the envelope detection unit is used for constructing a coupling network and comprises a photoelectric detector array, and each information wavelength output by wavelength division multiplexing is coupled with a corresponding optical carrier respectively and enters the photoelectric detector array to complete envelope detection and finally realize multi-path microwave signal output.
8. The microwave optical sub-channelized receiver of claim 7 further characterized by: the photoelectric hybrid loop comprises a laser, an electro-optical intensity modulator, an optical delay line, an optical coupler, an optical amplifier, a photoelectric detector and a phase shifter; the laser provides an optical carrier, the optical carrier is input into an electro-optical intensity modulator and becomes an optical signal after being modulated by the intensity of an input broadband microwave signal, the optical signal is partially coupled and output after being delayed by an optical delay line, the rest part of the optical carrier is continuously left in loop circulation, the optical signal reaches a photoelectric detector after being compensated by loss by the optical amplifier and is reduced into a microwave signal, the phase size of the microwave signal is regulated by the phase shifter and then returns to the electro-optical intensity modulator, the second circulation is carried out after the intensity of the optical carrier is modulated again, in the process, each circulation input signal is subjected to one time delay and one time phase shift and is coupled out partial energy frequency domain, stable output is finally realized after infinite superposition, namely, the output of a spectrum slice is realized, the optical signal after the spectrum slice is subjected to optical comb forming equal intervals, and the optical carrier is positioned at the center of the optical comb, other wavelengths are all electric domain carriers, and the up-conversion is realized through electro-optical intensity modulation, so that communication messages are carried.
9. The microwave optical sub-channelized receiver of claim 8 further characterized by: the optical delay line is an adjustable optical delay line, and the channel interval is tuned by adjusting the length of the adjustable optical delay line; the phase shifter is a tunable phase shifter, and the tunable phase shifter is adjusted to tune the channel center frequency, thereby realizing the tunability of the output channel.
10. A microwave optical sub-channelized receiver according to claim 9 in which: the carrier extracting and demultiplexing unit comprises an optical narrow band filter and a demultiplexing multiplexer, the optical narrow band filter is used for extracting optical carriers, and the demultiplexing multiplexer is used for separating the information wavelengths while the optical narrow band filter is used for extracting the optical carriers.
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