CN111308227A - Short wave antenna directional diagram measuring system - Google Patents
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- CN111308227A CN111308227A CN202010287779.5A CN202010287779A CN111308227A CN 111308227 A CN111308227 A CN 111308227A CN 202010287779 A CN202010287779 A CN 202010287779A CN 111308227 A CN111308227 A CN 111308227A
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for measuring a far-field directional diagram of a short-wave antenna by using an unmanned aerial vehicle and a signal processing technology, and aims to realize convenient, fast and accurate measurement of the far-field directional diagram of a large-scale ground broadband short-wave antenna and save test cost and manpower. The system comprises three subsystems, an air signal generating and transmitting subsystem can fly according to a planned path and radiate a short wave signal to be tested, a ground signal receiving and processing subsystem can process and store a signal received by an antenna to be tested, a ground control and data processing subsystem can realize the frequency planning of the flying path and a test signal, and the measuring system can be used for reducing the flying times and providing accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional directional diagrams and directional diagram data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication channel measurement, relates to an antenna directional diagram testing device, and particularly relates to an automatic directional diagram measuring system of a large short wave band broadband non-tuned antenna.
Background
The short wave communication system has a history of more than one hundred years since the invention, and has wide application in navigation, aviation, rescue and relief work, emergency communication, conventional production activities and the like. The short wave communication system realizes communication by means of electromagnetic waves transmitted by a short wave channel, usually utilizes an ionosphere to reflect low elevation angle sky wave signals to realize long-distance communication, and utilizes direct waves or ground waves to realize short-distance communication. The propagation direction and path of electromagnetic waves are greatly influenced by the transmitting and receiving antennas of the short-wave communication system, and the factors influencing the effective communication distance include the transmitting power of a transmitter and the receiving sensitivity of a receiver, and also include the antenna radiation efficiency of the short-wave receiving and transmitting system. Therefore, the antenna radiation characteristic, especially the directional diagram characteristic of the short-wave communication system is an important parameter of the short-wave communication system and an important basis for improving the performance of the short-wave communication system.
It is not easy to accurately grasp the pattern of the short-wave antenna in a large short-wave communication system. There are generally two methods, simulation and actual measurement: firstly, the simulation method is adopted to model the antenna system and calculate the radiation field of the antenna by using a certain mathematical algorithm, such as a finite element method, so as to obtain the directional characteristic of the short-wave antenna, and the method has the main defect that the possible errors of the simulation result and the actual characteristic are large. The other method is a real measurement method, the short wave antenna is actually tested under the condition that various constraint conditions are met through a short wave antenna test system, and radiation signal parameters of the antenna are measured through instruments such as a field intensity meter, a power meter and the like, so that the directional diagram of the antenna is obtained through calculation. For the antennas with ultra-short wave, microwave and other high frequency bands, the volume and the weight are generally small, the antennas are easy to place on a rotary table of a test system, and far field test is carried out under the condition that the far field test is met. However, the short wave antenna has a long wavelength, a large volume, a high transmitting power, a large size and a long distance to meet the far field condition, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed for carrying out the far field test.
In recent years, short wave communication system antenna pattern measurement systems based on lift-off platforms have emerged. The existing testing method for realizing radiation characteristics (directional diagram, gain and the like) of a large-scale short wave communication system by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (unmanned aerial vehicle) mainly utilizes the controllable flight characteristics of the unmanned aerial vehicle, forms a testing system together with a corresponding testing instrument, and realizes field intensity or power measurement in different directions by loading testing equipment on the unmanned aerial vehicle, thereby realizing the aim of accurate measurement.
The existing test method mainly has two problems, one is that the test is carried out one by one according to the difference of test frequency during the test, namely the directional diagram measurement of one frequency point is completed by each complete flight test, and the efficiency is low; secondly, the requirement on the flight path of the unmanned aerial vehicle is strict, and if the flight path is different from the planned path due to weather or operation and other reasons during testing, the problem of failure or insufficient precision of the test is easy to occur, so that the testing efficiency and the testing precision are further reduced.
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a short wave antenna directional pattern measuring system utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle platform, which can improve the efficiency and the precision of short wave antenna directional pattern testing, shorten the testing process and save the testing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system for measuring a far-field directional diagram of a short-wave antenna by using an unmanned aerial vehicle and a signal processing technology, aiming at realizing convenient and accurate measurement of the far-field directional diagram of the short-wave antenna and saving the test cost and manpower. The measuring system provided by the invention can provide accurate two-dimensional and three-dimensional directional diagrams and directional diagram data.
The invention provides a short wave antenna far field directional diagram measuring system, which is characterized by comprising an air signal generating and transmitting subsystem, a ground signal receiving and processing subsystem and a ground control and data processing subsystem, wherein the air signal generating and transmitting subsystem exchanges data and instructions with the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem and the ground control and data processing subsystem through a wireless link, the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem exchanges test data with the ground control and data processing subsystem through a wired or wireless link, the whole composition schematic diagram of the antenna far field directional diagram measuring system is shown in figure 1,
the aerial signal transmitting subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a signal generating and transmitting module and a wireless data transmission and flight control module, the signal generating and transmitting module and the wireless data transmission and flight control module are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle,
the unmanned aerial vehicle can fly and take off and land according to a preset track under the condition of load, a large multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle can be generally selected, power is supplied by a lithium battery pack, and power can be supplied to other modules on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the signal generating and transmitting module comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna and is used for generating and transmitting one or more continuous sine and cosine carrier signals of any frequency point in the bandwidth coverage range of the tested broadband short-wave antenna, the generated signal power is adjustable so as to ensure that the signals are received by the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem on the whole flight path, and the transmitting antenna can be a standard omnidirectional antenna calibrated by leaving a factory; the signal power generated by the signal generating and transmitting module is adjustable, so that the signal can be received by the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem on the whole flight path;
the signal generation and emission module can send carrier waves with different frequencies in a time division mode according to the frequency point requirement to be tested, and specifically, the time division sending is as follows: if the frequency point to be measured is f1，f2,…,fNAnd if the stay time of each position on the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted planning path is T seconds, the total number of the frequency points is N, and the stay time is T seconds at T0The signal generation and transmission module in second is at each
Sequentially transmitting frequency f in time period1，f2,…,fNThe timing diagram of the waveform generated by the signal generating and transmitting module is shown in fig. 2;
the wireless data transmission and flight control module comprises a satellite positioning device, a flight path and attitude control device and an instruction and data transmission device, wherein the satellite positioning device provides real-time three-dimensional position information with centimeter-level precision for the whole system, the flight path and attitude control device controls the flight path and attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to a planning path pre-loaded or loaded in real time by a ground control and processing subsystem, a positioning device of a differential satellite positioning technology can be usually adopted, and the instruction and data transmission device is generally a data transmission radio station and can complete data and instruction transmission and exchange with the ground control and data processing subsystem;
2, the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module, a signal processing module, a signal storage module and a wireless data transmission module, the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem is connected to an output interface of the tested antenna, during testing, electromagnetic waves received by the tested antenna and transmitted by the air signal transmitting subsystem are converted into digital signals by the analog-to-digital conversion module, the digital signals are sent to the signal processing module and processed by the signal processing module to obtain amplitude values of signals of different testing frequency points at the current position, and the amplitude values and real-time position information received by the data transmission module and transmitted by the air signal transmitting subsystem are stored in the signal storage module together, namely, the stored data are voltage or current amplitude values of different frequency points which are in one-to-one correspondence with the current position coordinates of the air signal transmitting subsystem; the data stored in the signal storage module can be transmitted to the ground control and data processing subsystem in real time or non-real time through the data transmission module,
the ground control and data processing subsystem comprises a hardware part and a software part, wherein the hardware part comprises a portable computer and a data transmission module, the software part comprises path and frequency planning software, flight monitoring and control software and directional diagram processing software, the portable computer controls a wireless data transmission module to realize data transmission with an air signal generation and emission subsystem and a ground signal receiving and processing subsystem, the path planning software has the functions of flight path planning and signal frequency planning, the flight monitoring and control software can monitor the conditions of signals received by the flight path of the air signal generation and emission subsystem and the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem in real time, the directional diagram processing software can calculate three-dimensional directional diagrams and E surfaces of different working frequency points of the short wave antenna to be tested according to the obtained test data, H-plane directional diagram is displayed in the form of graph or data table, and the directional diagram processing software also has the following functions: when the planned path and the real-time path point have errors, the square of the amplitude value of the received signal of the antenna to be tested is in direct proportion to the central distance between the antenna to be tested and the aerial signal generation and emission subsystemThe amplitude value of each frequency point measured at the actual position is converted into the amplitude value on the planning path point; specifically, if a certain point on the planned path is (x)1,y1,z1) The actual point on the electric center track of the unmanned aerial vehicle mounted transmitting antenna is (x)1′,y1′,z1') if the coordinate of the electrical center of the antenna to be measured in the coordinate system is (x)0,y0,z0) The actual measured signal amplitude value is [ v ]1，v2，v3,…,vN]Then the scaled signal amplitude value is
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. utilize signal processing and time division multiplex technique in the communication, in a test flight, send different frequency point signal timesharing, timesharing is received, the accessible is a flight, surveys the directional diagram of all frequency points that await measuring, compares traditional mode, efficiency of software testing improves greatly, especially when testing to large-scale low frequency shortwave ground antenna, the test distance that satisfies far field condition needs is many kilometers far away, the test flight distance of every frequency point is far away, consuming time is long, this testing arrangement can practice thrift a large amount of flight framves.
2. When the error between the actual test flight path and the planned path caused by weather or other reasons is larger, the test device adopts the induced voltage or current amplitude value for testing, and can convert according to the relation between the distance and the amplitude, so that the test precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of an antenna far field pattern test system;
fig. 2 is a timing diagram of the transmission waveform of the signal generating and transmitting module.
Claims (4)
1. A short wave antenna far field directional diagram measuring system is characterized by comprising an air signal generating and transmitting subsystem, a ground signal receiving and processing subsystem and a ground control and data processing subsystem, wherein the air signal generating and transmitting subsystem exchanges data and instructions with the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem and the ground control and data processing subsystem through a wireless link, the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem exchanges test data with the ground control and data processing subsystem through a wired or wireless link,
the aerial signal transmitting subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a signal generating and transmitting module and a wireless data transmission and flight control module, the signal generating and transmitting module and the wireless data transmission and flight control module are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle,
the signal generating and transmitting module comprises a signal generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, and is used for generating and transmitting one or more continuous sine and cosine carrier signals of any frequency point in the bandwidth coverage range of the tested broadband short-wave antenna, the generated signal power is adjustable so as to ensure that the signals are received by the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem on the whole flight path, and the transmitting antenna is a standard omnidirectional antenna calibrated by leaving a factory; the signal power generated by the signal generating and transmitting module is adjustable, the signal power can be received by the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem on the whole flight path, the wireless data transmission and flight control module comprises a satellite positioning device, a flight path and attitude control device and an instruction and data transmission device, the flight path and attitude control device controls the flight path and attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to a planning path pre-loaded or loaded in real time by the ground control and processing subsystem, a positioning device of a differential satellite positioning technology can be usually adopted, and the instruction and data transmission device can complete data and instruction transmission and exchange with the ground control and data processing subsystem;
the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem comprises an analog-to-digital conversion module, a signal processing module, a signal storage module and a wireless data transmission module, the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem is connected to an output interface of the tested antenna, electromagnetic waves received by the tested antenna and transmitted by the air signal transmitting subsystem are converted into digital signals through the analog-to-digital conversion module, the digital signals are sent to the signal processing module and processed by the signal processing module to obtain amplitude values of signals of different test frequency points at the current position, and the amplitude values and real-time position information transmitted by the air signal transmitting subsystem and received by the data transmission module are stored in the signal storage module together, namely, the stored data are voltage or current amplitude values of different frequency points which correspond to the current position coordinates of the air signal transmitting subsystem one by one; the data stored by the signal storage module can be transmitted to the ground control and data processing subsystem in real time or non-real time through the data transmission module;
the ground control and data processing subsystem comprises a hardware part and a software part, wherein the hardware part comprises a portable computer and a data transmission module, the software part comprises path and frequency planning software, flight monitoring and control software and directional diagram processing software, the portable computer controls the wireless data transmission module to realize data transmission with the air signal generation and emission subsystem and the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem, the path planning software has the functions of flight path planning and signal frequency planning, the flight monitoring and control software can monitor the conditions of the flight path of the air signal generation and emission subsystem and the signals received by the ground signal receiving and processing subsystem in real time, the directional diagram processing software can calculate three-dimensional directional diagrams and E surfaces of different working frequency points of the short wave antenna to be tested according to the obtained test data, And the H-surface directional diagram is displayed in a graph or data table mode, and the directional diagram processing software can convert the amplitude values of all frequency points measured at the actual position into the amplitude values on the planning path points according to the relation between the amplitude values and the distances of the antenna receiving signals to be measured.
2. The short wave antenna far field pattern measurement system of claim 1, wherein the signal generation and transmission module in the air signal transmission subsystem can transmit carriers of different frequencies in a time division manner according to the frequency point requirements to be tested.
3. The short wave antenna far field pattern measurement system of claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle in the aerial signal emission subsystem can fly and land according to a preset track under a load, is a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, is powered by a lithium battery pack, and can power other onboard modules.
4. The short wave antenna far field pattern measuring system of claim 1, wherein the pattern processing software in the ground control and data processing subsystem is used for converting the distance and the measured amplitude value by the following method: if a certain point on the planned path is (x)1,y1,z1) The actual point on the electric center track of the unmanned aerial vehicle mounted transmitting antenna is (x)1′,y1′,z1') if the coordinate of the electrical center of the antenna to be measured in the coordinate system is (x)0,y0,z0) The actual measured signal amplitude value is [ v ]1，v2，v3,…,vN]Then the scaled signal amplitude value is
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| CN114966237A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Antenna far field test system based on wireless network bridge and test method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20201023 Address after: 264001 No.188 Er Ma Lu, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province 210 Applicant after: School of Aeronautical combat service, Naval Aeronautical University of the people's Liberation Army Address before: 264001 No.188 Er Ma Lu, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province 210 Applicant before: Liu Xiguo |
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