CN111308042A - Coking and coal blending method - Google Patents
Coking and coal blending method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0272—Investigating particle size or size distribution with screening; with classification by filtering
Abstract
The invention discloses a coking and coal blending method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: taking raw material coal, and drying the raw material coal until the water content is 1.5-2.5%; step 2: crushing the raw material coal treated in the step 1, wherein the maximum particle size of the crushed raw material coal is not more than 5 mm; wherein, the raw coal in the step 1 comprises coking coal, 1/3 coking coal, gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal; in the raw material coal, the coal powder with the particle size of 0-0.5mm accounts for 17.50%, the coal powder with the particle size of 0.5-1mm accounts for 20%, the coal powder with the particle size of 1-2mm accounts for 31.50%, the coal powder with the particle size of 2-3mm accounts for 21.25%, and the coal powder with the particle size of 3-5mm accounts for 10%. By adopting the particle size distribution method, the coke quality is best when the particle sizes of the coal materials are respectively 17.50%, 20%, 31.25%, 21.25% and 10% in the proportions of 0-0.5mm, 0.5-1mm, 1-2mm, 2-3mm and 3-5 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a coking and coal blending method.
Background
With the large-scale blast furnace and the vigorous development of the oxygen-enriched blowing technology, the metallurgical coke has more and more prominent effect as a framework in the blast furnace, and how to improve the quality of the coke is the key for strengthening the smelting of the blast furnace and reducing the coking and iron-making cost. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of large-scale blast furnace metallurgy, various ways to improve various performance indexes of coke are the key points of research in the coking industry at present. The main influencing factors researched by most researchers at present are the matching of coal ash content, volatile components, cohesiveness, fineness of charged coal, bulk density, moisture and the like. The top-loading coking mode is adopted, the moisture of the coal as fired is generally about 10 percent, and the moisture is higher, so that the retention time of the blended coal in the coking chamber is longer, and the coking energy consumption is increased. In addition, excessive moisture can have an effect on coke quality, yield, coke oven life, and the like. The dry coal is used for coking, so that the coke quality can be improved, the operation of a coke oven is stabilized, and the heat consumption for coking is reduced. Meanwhile, in the coking industry, most coking processes only require that the fineness of the blended coal is more than 80%, only the general concepts that the strongly-sticky coal is suitable for coarse crushing and the weakly-sticky coal is suitable for fine crushing are provided, and the distribution condition of single coal of each grain size in the blended coal is not correspondingly optimized and adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a coal blending method based on dry coal coking, which mainly comprises the optimized proportioning of the types of raw coal and the optimized proportioning of particle sizes, can optimize the coking process and improve the coke quality, has better economic benefit, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a coking and coal blending method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking raw material coal, and drying the raw material coal until the water content is 1.5-2.5%;
step 2: crushing the raw material coal treated in the step 1, wherein the maximum particle size of the crushed raw material coal is not more than 5 mm;
wherein, the raw coal in the step 1 comprises coking coal, 1/3 coking coal, gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal;
in the raw material coal, the coal powder with the particle size of 0-0.5mm accounts for 17.50%, the coal powder with the particle size of 0.5-1mm accounts for 20%, the coal powder with the particle size of 1-2mm accounts for 31.25%, the coal powder with the particle size of 2-3mm accounts for 21.25%, and the coal powder with the particle size of 3-5mm accounts for 10%.
The coal quality analysis results of the gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal in the step 1 in the above technical scheme are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 coal quality analysis of gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal
In the above technical solution, the coking coal in the step 1 is provided with three types, which are respectively coking coal one, coking coal two and coking coal three, wherein the coal quality analysis results of the coking coal one, the coking coal two and the coking coal three are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 coal quality analysis of coking coal one, coking coal two and coking coal three
In the above technical solution, there are three 1/3 types of coking coals in step 1, which are 1/3 coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three, respectively, wherein the results of coal quality analysis of 1/3 coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three are shown in table 3:
TABLE 31/3 coal quality analysis of coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three
The technical scheme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the content of gas coal in the raw material coal is 3.93%, the content of fat coal is 14.74%, the content of gas fat coal is 4.91%, the content of 1/3 coking coal I is 4.93%, the content of 1/3 coking coal II is 5.91%, the content of 1/3 coking coal III is 6.90%, the content of the coking coal I is 25.61%, the content of the coking coal II is 14.78%, the content of the coking coal III is 7.45%, and the content of lean coal is 10.84%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of drying coking coal until the moisture content is about 2%, crushing the coking coal into different size fractions, measuring the index of a colloidal layer under the different size fractions, determining the particle size when the maximum thickness Y value of the colloidal layer is maximum, designing coal blending schemes under different particle size distributions, detecting the quality of the coke, and finally determining the optimal particle size distribution; by adopting the particle size distribution method of the invention, when the particle sizes of the coal materials are respectively 17.50%, 20%, 31.25%, 21.25% and 10% in the proportions of 0-0.5mm, 0.5-1mm, 1-2mm, 2-3mm and 3-5mm, the coke quality is best, and the cold state performance M of the coke is best25Up to 87.34%, M1011.32 percent, the CRI of thermal state performance reaches 29.51 percent, and the CSR reaches 52.37 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of particle size on various coal colloidal layer indices;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of fat coal particle size on the colloidal layer volume curve;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the optical structure content and OTI index of coke produced from gas coal with different particle sizes;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the content of optical structure and OTI index of coke produced from coking coal 2 of different particle sizes
FIG. 5 the effect of different particle size distributions on the mechanical strength of coke;
FIG. 6 the effect of different particle size distributions on coke reactivity and post-reaction strength.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
1. Selection and pretreatment of feed coal
In the embodiment, the main coal types used by the traditional coke production of the national Baobaiwu Steel group Limited company are adopted, the coal is sampled and is subjected to industrial analysis and sulfur content detection according to GB/T212-. Crushing 10 kinds of single coal (including 3 kinds of coking coal, 3 kinds of 1/3 kinds of coking coal, 1 kind of gas coal, 1 kind of fat coal, 1 kind of gas fat coal and 1 kind of lean coal) by a jaw crusher, dividing the single coal into 6 size fractions by a vibrating screen, wherein the size fractions are respectively (<0.5mm, 0.5-1mm, 1-2mm, 2-3mm, 3-4mm and 4-5mm), the screening time is 120s each time until all coal samples are completely screened, and then bagging the coal samples of each size fraction in a sealed barrel for later use.
TABLE 4 coal quality analysis of individual coals
2. Test method
In the embodiment, a JCY-1 type colloidal layer tester is adopted to analyze the properties of the colloidal layer of single coal, an MSP-200 microscope imported from Germany is adopted to test the optical organization structure of coke, a coking test is carried out in a self-made 5kg test coke oven, and the moisture of coal as fired is controlled to be about 2 percent; the coal charging temperature is 800 ℃; the final temperature of the coke cake center is controlled within the range of 950-; the self-control temperature programming time is 6.5 h; the coking time is 5.5 h; cold strength (M) of coke25，M10) The measurement is carried out according to GB/T2006-2008, and the measurement of the hot state performance (CRI, CSR) of the coke is carried out according to GB/T4000-2017.
3. Effect of particle size on Individual coal colloid formation Process
The colloidal layer property analysis was performed on the ten kinds of individual coals, and the results are shown in table 5. As can be seen from table 5, for coal of the same size fraction, the colloidal layer index varies depending on the degree of deterioration of the coal, and generally shows a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing as the degree of deterioration of the coal increases. The gas coal has high volatile components, the heated fluid has poor thermal stability, is easy to generate gas to escape, and the mobility of the colloidal body is not large, so that the number of formed colloidal bodies is small; although the volatile components of fat coal and gas fat coal are high, because of strong caking property, a colloid with good fluidity and thermal stability is easily formed in the heating process, the gas is quickly formed and escapes, and finally formed coke gaps are few but more air holes; the caking property and the volatile component of the coking coal and the 1/3 coking coal are lower than those of gas fat coal, and the volatile component is slowly released in the heating process, so that the volume curve presents a micro-wave shape, the formed colloidal body has moderate quantity, the structure of the coke block is compact, and the quality is good.
TABLE 5 colloidal layer test X and Y values
FIGS. 1(a) to 1(j) show the effect of particle size on the colloidal layer index of different coal types (where: a-gas coal, b-fat coal, c-gas fat coal, d-1/3 coking coal one, e-1/3 coking coal two, f-1/3 coking coal three, g-coking coal one, h-coking coal two, i-coking coal three, j-lean coal), and the X and Y values show different regularity as the coal particle size increases. Generally, as the particle size of coal decreases, the bubble-containing liquid films formed on the surface of the coal sample fuse better, and a relatively large number of colloids are formed in the same time. The coal sample has small grain size, and the mobility and the expansion degree of the colloidal body are good at the strong softening and semicoke cracking stages, so that the measured colloidal layer index Y value is large; when the particle size of the coal is proper, gaps among coal particles are reduced, and the bonding state is favorably improved; when the particle size of the coal sample is larger, the contact area between coal particles is small, and the gas permeability, the fluidity, the stability and the like of the colloidal body are greatly influenced.
FIGS. 2(a) to 2(f) show the influence of the fat coal particle size on the colloidal layer volume curve (wherein a.0-0.5mm, b.0.5-1mm, c.1-2mm, d.2-3mm, e.3-4mm, f.4-5mm) it can be seen that as the fat coal particle size increases, the time for the "z" -shaped peak to appear on the colloidal layer volume curve shifts backwards, the peak frequency decreases, and the peak variation amplitude decreases. The main reason is that along with the increase of the coal particle size, the gaps among the coal particles are increased, the melting time is prolonged, and in the colloidal layer experiment process, the generated gas is not easy to gather and can escape immediately after being generated, so that the generation of a Z-shaped peak is reduced.
4. Comparison of char-forming microstructures of different particle sizes
The optical structure of coke is an important factor for the deterioration of coke in a blast furnace, coke and CO2The reactivity of (a) may differ according to the optical organization. Each optical tissueStructure and CO2The reactivity of (a) is decreased in the following order: isotropic texture, filamentous flap texture, fine grained mosaic texture, coarse grained mosaic texture, fibrous texture and flap texture, which are determined by the difference in carbon layer distribution and interlayer spacing in each texture. The isotropic carbon layer has disordered distribution, large interlayer spacing and random orientation, so that micropores and activated carbon atoms thereof can easily adsorb CO in all directions2The reaction is carried out, so the reaction rate is high and the reactivity is high. The carbon layer sheet with anisotropic structure has large size, ordered interlayer trend, small interlayer spacing, less micropores and activated carbon atoms, and can adsorb CO only in certain directions2The reaction is carried out, so the reaction rate is low and the reactivity is low.
The degree of coke optical structure anisotropy is generally described by the coke optical structure index (OTI). The greater the OTI value, the greater the degree of anisotropy of the coke. The Baiyongjian and the like find that the anisotropy degree of the optical tissue of the coke has a good linear relation with the simulated reactivity and the strength after the simulated reaction, and the simulated reactivity is reduced and the strength after the reaction is increased along with the increase of the anisotropy degree. Therefore, the coke properties can be predicted by measuring the optical tissue percentage content of the coke to guide coal blending and coking.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optical structure content and the OTI index of coke produced from gas coal with different particle sizes, and it can be seen from the diagram that as the particle size of coal increases, the content of coarse grain mosaic structure increases first and then decreases, the content of fine grain mosaic structure decreases first and then increases, the content of inert structure increases, and the content of fibrous, flaky and isotropic structures does not change obviously. With the increase of the granularity of the coal material, the OTI index is increased firstly and then reduced, but the amplitude is smaller. Therefore, the influence of the coal material granularity on the gas coal coking optical organization structure is small.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical structure content and the OTI index of coke produced by coking coal ii under different particle sizes, and it can be seen from the diagram that as the particle size of the coal increases, the content of coarse grain mosaic structure decreases, the content of fine grain mosaic structure increases, the content of fibrous and lamellar structure decreases, the content of inert structure increases, and the content of isotropic structure increases first and then decreases. The OTI index decreases with increasing coal particle size. From this, it is inferred that the degree of anisotropy of the char-forming optical structure of the coking coal decreases and the quality of the coke decreases as the particle size of the coal material increases.
Therefore, the coal types with different metamorphism degrees have different degrees of change of the particle size to the coke optical organization structure. In order to fully utilize the excellent performances of various coals, a selective crushing method is adopted, and the particle size range is reasonably controlled.
According to the data obtained by the colloidal layer test, the colloidal body forming condition is better when the particle size of most coal types is 1-2mm and 2-3 mm. In order to further study the influence of different size distribution on coke quality, the natural crushed size distribution of pulverized coal and then blended (coal particles larger than 5mm are crushed and then sieved) is taken as a reference (group 1), the results of a colloid layer experiment are taken as adjustment directions (namely, the proportion of the coal particles with the particle size of 1-2mm and the proportion of the coal particles with the particle size of 2-3mm are increased), and coal blending and coking are carried out by adopting the coal blending ratio of the national BaoWUK group Limited company, namely, the content of gas coal in the raw material coal is 3.93%, the content of fat coal is 14.74%, the content of gas fat coal is 4.91%, the content of 1/3 coke coal is 4.93%, the content of 1/3 coke coal is 5.91%, the content of 1/3 coke coal is 6.90%, the content of coke coal is 25.61%, the content of coke coal is 14.78%, the content of coke coal is 7.45% and the content of lean coal is 10.84%. The size distribution of the coal entering the furnace is shown in Table 6, and the water entering the furnace is 2 percent. The fineness is controlled from 80% to 100% in the experimental process, 5 fineness schemes are designed in total, the influence of the fineness on the coke quality in the process of dry coal blending coking is researched (groups 1-5), on the basis, the particle size distribution of blended coal is changed (groups 6-13) by adjusting the proportion of coal particles with different particle sizes, and the influence of the distribution of the coal particle levels on the coke performance is researched.
TABLE 6 feed coal size fraction distribution composition and cold and hot properties of coke produced therefrom
As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, as the fineness of the coal blending increases, the mechanical strength, reactivity and post-reaction strength of the coke are improved significantly, but when the fineness of the coal as fired increases to 90%, the influence of the continuous improvement of the fineness on various indexes of the coke is no longer significant. The main reason is that the coarse crushing of the coal with good caking property and the active components in the coal as fired can prevent the caking property from being reduced, properly increase the fineness of the coal material, eliminate the uneven shrinkage caused by the non-uniformity of the granularity of the coal material to a certain extent and reduce the formation of the crack center of the coke; meanwhile, the inert components in the coal material are properly and finely crushed, the specific surface area is increased, the cohesive force between adjacent layers is reduced in the coking process, the shrinkage stress is reduced, and the coke quality is properly improved.
In actual production, the fineness of the coal material is determined by considering the quality uniformity of the coal material and the production operation. From the viewpoint of uniformity of the coal material, the finer the coal material is pulverized, the better. However, if the fineness of the coal material is small, the presence of large particles of weakly caking coal and ash increases cracking of the coke and deteriorates uniformity. If the crushed coal has uneven granularity, segregation is easy to occur in the transportation process, coal particles with different granularities are layered gradually according to the size, and the coal particles with large granules and large specific gravity are easy to be gathered together. Because the hardness of various coals participating in coal blending is different, the large-particle coal is often coal with larger hardness, so the segregation phenomenon gradually separates different coal types, and the uniformity of the coal material is deteriorated. In the coking, the caking property is inevitably poor, and the quality of the coke is reduced. From the production operation, the larger the fineness of the coal material is, the lower the bulk specific gravity of the coal is, and the lower the production capacity of the coke oven is, when the coal is loaded into the coke oven, the fine coal powder is easily carried out by coal gas, and a riser pipe and a gas collecting pipe are easily plugged, so that the normal production of the coke oven is influenced, and the tar in the gas collecting pipe is increased, so that the recovery operation is influenced. The fineness of the blended coal is fixed at 90% and subsequent experiments are carried out.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, on the premise of determining the fineness of the blended coal, the mechanical strength of the coke is not changed obviously with the reduction of the blending proportion of the small-particle-size coal, and the reactivity and post-reaction strength of the coke are changed greatly. This is because when the coal material is pulverized too finely, not only the specific surface area of the coal particles is increased, but also the liquid-phase product produced by pyrolysis is not sufficient to wet the particle surface; the active component has too fine granularity, gas-phase products generated inside the particles are easy to separate out during particle pyrolysis, the generation rate of medium-molecular liquid-phase products is reduced, and meanwhile, the adsorption quantity of the inert component to a colloidal liquid phase is relatively increased, so that the cohesiveness of coal is reduced, and the quality of coke is deteriorated. Along with the increase of the proportion of the coal material with large particle size in the blended coal, the inert components in large particles are not crushed, the crack center of the coke is easier to form, meanwhile, the coal material is not easy to melt, the maturity of the coke is correspondingly influenced, and the quality of the coke is reduced.
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the coke reactivity CRI and the post-reaction intensity CSR are the best when the coal sample of 0-0.5mm is 17.50%, the coal sample of 0.5-1mm is 20%, the coal sample of 1-2mm is 31.25%, the coal sample of 2-3mm is 21.25%, and the coal sample of 3-5mm is 10% in the raw material coal.
The principle is that from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the colloid in the plastic coking mechanism, the inert components have no cohesiveness, the colloid cannot be generated in the coking process, and the redundant liquid phase can be absorbed, so that the fluidity and the expansion degree reach the proper range, the precipitation amount of volatile matters can be reduced, the thermal stability of coal is improved, the pore wall can be thickened, the porosity is reduced, and the coke quality is improved. Because the inert component has smaller contractibility and good thermal conductivity, the shrinkage coefficient, the shrinkage difference between adjacent semi-coke layers and the interlayer stress can be reduced when the inert component is added into the blended coal for coking, thereby reducing the generation rate of coke cracks and improving the coke quality. The specific surface area of the coal material is increased along with the reduction of the particle size, and the mutual diffusion and bonding of the coal material are only limited on the surface of the coal particles according to a liquid phase generated by the pyrolysis of the coal particles. The inert components are increased along with the increase of the particle size, the caking of the inert components of the coal in the liquid phase is in a contact combination type, and the contour of the particles is kept after the caking is solidified, thereby determining the quality of the finally formed coke. If the coal with high content of inert components is properly crushed, the formation of coke crack centers can be reduced, the coke crack centers can be uniformly distributed in the active components to form a skeleton of a coke porous wall, and the small granularity is favorable for improving the heat conductivity of the inert substances and is more favorable for improving the coke quality. However, if the pulverized coal is too fine, a large amount of the colloidal material is consumed due to an excessively large specific surface area, the colloidal material becomes thin, the coke-forming pore wall also becomes thin, and the cohesiveness of the blended coal is deteriorated, thereby affecting the coke quality. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the coke quality, the particle size of the matched coal must be reasonably controlled and the proper particle size distribution must be selected in the coal blending and coking process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A coking and coal blending method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking raw material coal, and drying the raw material coal until the water content is 1.5-2.5%;
step 2: crushing the raw material coal treated in the step 1, wherein the maximum particle size of the crushed raw material coal is not more than 5 mm;
wherein, the raw coal in the step 1 comprises coking coal, 1/3 coking coal, gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal;
after the raw material coal is crushed, the coal dust with the particle size of 0-0.5mm accounts for 17.50%, the coal dust with the particle size of 0.5-1mm accounts for 20%, the coal dust with the particle size of 1-2mm accounts for 31.25%, the coal dust with the particle size of 2-3mm accounts for 21.25%, and the coal dust with the particle size of 3-5mm accounts for 10%.
2. The coking and coal blending method according to claim 1, wherein the results of coal quality analysis of gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal in step 1 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 coal quality analysis of gas coal, fat coal, gas fat coal and lean coal
3. The coking and coal blending method according to claim 2, wherein the coking coal in the step 1 is provided with three types, namely coking coal I, coking coal II and coking coal III, wherein the coal quality analysis results of the coking coal I, the coking coal II and the coking coal III are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 coal quality analysis of coking coal one, coking coal two and coking coal three
4. The coking and coal blending method according to claim 3, wherein 1/3 coking coals in the step 1 are provided with three kinds, namely 1/3 coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three, wherein the coal quality analysis results of the 1/3 coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 31/3 coal quality analysis of coking coal one, 1/3 coking coal two and 1/3 coking coal three
5. The coking and coal blending method according to claim 4, characterized in that, by mass percent: the content of gas coal in the raw material coal is 3.93%, the content of fat coal is 14.74%, the content of gas fat coal is 4.91%, the content of 1/3 coking coal I is 4.93%, the content of 1/3 coking coal II is 5.91%, the content of 1/3 coking coal III is 6.90%, the content of the coking coal I is 25.61%, the content of the coking coal II is 14.78%, the content of the coking coal III is 7.45%, and the content of lean coal is 10.84%.
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