CN111306830A - Jet organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system - Google Patents
Jet organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111306830A CN111306830A CN201911142582.6A CN201911142582A CN111306830A CN 111306830 A CN111306830 A CN 111306830A CN 201911142582 A CN201911142582 A CN 201911142582A CN 111306830 A CN111306830 A CN 111306830A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/06—Superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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Abstract
The invention discloses an injection organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system which comprises a gas-liquid separator, a high-pressure expander, a low-pressure expander, a generator, a pressure reducing valve, a flash tank, a steam extraction regulating valve, a refrigeration ejector, an injection heat regenerator, a condenser, a low-pressure working medium pump, a high-pressure working medium pump, a generator, an evaporator and a throttle valve, wherein the high-pressure expander is connected with the generator through the steam extraction regulating valve; the low-grade heat energy is connected with the generator to heat the circulating working medium in the generator; the high-pressure expander, the low-pressure expander and the generator are coaxially connected to drive the generator to generate electricity; the circulating working medium is evaporated in the evaporator to absorb heat, and cold energy is obtained. The organic Rankine flash evaporation system, the jet regenerative system and the jet refrigeration system are coupled, so that the power consumption of the working medium pump is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the organic Rankine flash evaporation system has the advantages of simple structure, obvious energy-saving effect, convenience in control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-grade heat energy utilization technology, in particular to a jet organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system.
Background
The low-temperature heat sources in China are various in types, large in total amount and wide in distribution, and mainly comprise two categories, namely low-temperature renewable energy sources existing in nature, mainly comprising solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and the like, and waste heat discharged in the industrial production process. But generally has the problem of low energy grade. The low-grade heat energy high-efficiency recycling technology is developed, the energy utilization efficiency of China can be greatly improved, fossil energy consumption is reduced, and sustainable development of the society and economy of China is realized.
In the development process of energy utilization technology, an energy power system develops from a single circulation system form to a total energy system combined by a plurality of thermodynamic cycles gradually, the organic coupling of the thermodynamic cycles in different forms is emphasized, and a combined cycle is constructed based on the principle of 'temperature opposite-opening and gradient utilization' of heat energy grade. The combined cooling and power system is a total energy system which is distributed at a user side and has power generation and refrigeration functions, is a very important and effective means for improving the energy utilization rate, can meet multiple energy requirements in daily life and industrial production, and can realize efficient energy conversion, comprehensive gradient utilization and energy conservation. In recent years, due to the shortage of energy and the continuous increase of refrigeration energy consumption, the combined cooling and power supply system receives more and more extensive attention. According to statistics, in the global total energy consumption structure, the building energy consumption accounts for about 20-50% of the total energy consumption, wherein the air conditioning system energy consumption accounts for 50-70% of the building energy consumption, and the air conditioning system energy consumption can be continuously increased along with the acceleration of the urbanization process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to recycle low-grade heat energy and output various energy requirements, the invention provides a jet organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system, which utilizes low-grade heat energy comprising industrial waste heat, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and the like, reduces the power consumption of a working medium pump and improves the energy utilization efficiency by coupling an organic Rankine flash evaporation system, a jet regenerative system and a jet refrigeration system, and has the advantages of simple structure, remarkable energy-saving effect, convenience in control and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a jet organic Rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system comprises a gas-liquid separator, a high-pressure expander, a low-pressure expander, a generator, a pressure reducing valve, a flash tank, a steam extraction regulating valve, a refrigeration ejector, a jet heat regenerator, a condenser, a low-pressure working medium pump, a high-pressure working medium pump, a generator, an evaporator and a throttle valve;
the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the steam inlet of the high-pressure expander, the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the inlet of the flash tank through a pressure reducing valve, the gas outlet of the flash tank is connected with the steam inlet of the low-pressure expander, and the liquid outlet of the flash tank is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator through a high-pressure working medium pump and a generator in sequence;
the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander and the low-pressure expander are simultaneously connected with a working fluid inlet of a refrigeration ejector, the outlet of the refrigeration ejector is connected with an injection fluid inlet of an injection heat regenerator through a condenser, the outlet of the injection heat regenerator is divided into two paths, one path is sequentially connected with the inlet of a gas-liquid separator through a low-pressure working medium pump and a generator, the other path is sequentially connected with the injection fluid inlet of the refrigeration ejector through a throttle valve and an evaporator, and the air suction port of the high-pressure expander is connected with the working fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator through an air suction adjusting valve;
the low-grade heat energy is connected with the generator to heat the circulating working medium in the generator; the high-pressure expander, the low-pressure expander and the generator are coaxially connected to drive the generator to generate electricity; the circulating working medium is evaporated in the evaporator to absorb heat, and cold energy is obtained.
According to the combined cooling and power system, the circulating working medium is heated in the generator to be in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and then enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, wherein the gas-phase working medium enters the high-pressure expander for expansion to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity; the liquid phase working medium enters the flash tank through the pressure reducing valve for flash evaporation, and the gas phase working medium which is flashed out enters the low-pressure expansion machine for expansion and work, so that the generator is driven to generate electricity. The circulation working medium exhaust steam at the outlets of the high-pressure expander and the low-pressure expander forms a high-speed airflow in the refrigeration ejector, the low-pressure circulation working medium steam in the evaporator is sucked into the refrigeration ejector and mixed with the refrigeration ejector, and the refrigeration effect is generated due to the evaporation of the circulation working medium in the evaporator.
The invention also comprises a preheater which is adjacently arranged at the downstream of the generator, and the low-grade heat energy from the generator enters the preheater to preheat the circulating medium in the preheater. The arrangement of the preheater can further improve the utilization efficiency of low-grade heat energy.
As an improvement of the invention, the system also comprises a heat regenerator, one side of which is connected between the refrigeration ejector and the condenser, and the other side of which is connected between the low-pressure working medium pump and the preheater. The heat regenerator is used for recovering the heat of the circulating working medium at the outlet of the refrigeration ejector, reducing the heat load of the condenser and improving the utilization efficiency of the heat.
As an improvement of the invention, the circulating working medium at the outlet of the generator is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the dryness can be adjusted through the characteristics of low-grade heat energy and the load characteristics of cold electricity.
As an improvement of the invention, the refrigeration power of the evaporator is controlled according to the circulating working medium pressure of the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander and the low-pressure expander and the opening degree of the steam extraction regulating valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the circulating working medium at the outlet of the generator is in a two-phase state, so that the system has relatively high evaporation temperature, and the organic working medium is separated and then subjected to flash evaporation, so that the low-grade heat energy can be fully recycled.
(2) The circulating working medium dead steam at the outlets of the high-pressure expander and the low-pressure expander is used for driving the circulating working medium injection refrigerating system, so that the combined supply of power generation and refrigeration is realized, and the utilization efficiency of the system is improved.
(3) The injection heat regenerator is used as both the ejector and the heat regenerator, and due to the shock wave phenomenon of the circulating working medium in the ejector, the purposes of high-efficiency heat exchange and pressurization are achieved, the power consumption of the working medium pump is reduced, and the cavitation problem of the circulating working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump is avoided; but also can be used as a heat regenerator to recover the heat of the air exhaust of the expander, thereby improving the system efficiency and the technical economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a jet organic Rankine flash combined cooling and power system of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a gas-liquid separator; 2-a high pressure expander; 3-a low pressure expander; 4-a generator; 5-a pressure reducing valve; 6-a flash tank; 7-steam extraction regulating valve; 8-a refrigeration ejector; 9-injection heat regenerator; 10-a condenser; 11-a low-pressure working medium pump; 12-a regenerator; 13-a high pressure working medium pump; 14-a preheater; 15-a generator; 16-an evaporator; 17-throttle valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the injection organic rankine flash evaporation combined cooling and power system of the embodiment includes a gas-liquid separator 1, a high-pressure expander 2, a low-pressure expander 3, a generator 4, a pressure reducing valve 5, a flash tank 6, a steam extraction regulating valve 7, a refrigeration ejector 8, an injection heat regenerator 9, a condenser 10, a low-pressure working medium pump 11, a heat regenerator 12, a high-pressure working medium pump 13, a preheater 14, a generator 15, an evaporator 16, a throttle valve 17, and a matching connecting pipeline.
The gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 1 is connected with the steam inlet of the high-pressure expander 2, the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 1 is connected with the inlet of the flash tank 6 through the pressure reducing valve 5, the gas outlet of the flash tank 6 is connected with the steam inlet of the low-pressure expander 3, and the liquid outlet of the flash tank 6 is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 1 through the high-pressure working medium pump 13, the preheater 14 and the generator 15 in sequence.
Exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander 2 and the low-pressure expander 3 are simultaneously connected with a working fluid inlet of a refrigeration ejector 8, and an outlet of the refrigeration ejector 8 is connected with an injection fluid inlet of an injection regenerator 9 through a regenerator 12 and a condenser 10 in sequence; the outlet of the injection heat regenerator 9 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 1 through a low-pressure working medium pump 11, a preheater 14 and a generator 15 in sequence, the other path is connected with the injection fluid inlet of the refrigeration ejector 8 through a throttle valve 17 and an evaporator 16 in sequence, and the air suction port of the high-pressure expander 2 is connected with the working fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator 9 through an extraction regulating valve 7.
The exhaust steam of the circulating working medium at the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander 2 and the low-pressure expander 3 enters the refrigeration ejector 8, the throat part of the refrigeration ejector 8 is decompressed and accelerated to eject the secondary circulating working medium gas at the outlet of the evaporator 16, the secondary circulating working medium gas and the secondary circulating working medium gas are mixed in the mixing chamber, the mixture flows out of the refrigeration ejector 8 through pressurization and deceleration and enters the heat regenerator 12, and the circulating working medium in the evaporator 16 generates a refrigeration effect due to evaporation.
The exhaust steam temperature of the circulating working medium at the outlets of the high-pressure expander 2 and the low-pressure expander 3 is higher, and the heat regenerator 12 is used for recovering the heat of the circulating working medium at the outlet of the refrigeration ejector 8, reducing the heat load of the condenser 10 and improving the utilization efficiency of the heat.
The circulating working medium steam with certain pressure extracted from the high-pressure expander 2 enters the injection heat regenerator 9, the liquid circulating working medium at the outlet of the injection condenser 10 enters the injection heat regenerator 9, and two streams of fluid exchange heat in the injection heat regenerator 9.
The high-pressure circulating working medium extracted from the high-pressure expander 2 is in a supersonic flow state in the runner of the injection heat regenerator 9, and due to the backpressure factor, shock waves are generated at the throat part, so that the gas phase condensation is accelerated, the pressure of the fluid is rapidly increased, and the purposes of high-efficiency heat exchange and pressurization are achieved. The injection heat regenerator 9 is used as an ejector to realize the injection and pressurization of the liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser 10, reduce the power consumption of the low-pressure working medium pump 11, avoid the cavitation problem of the circulating working medium at the inlet of the low-pressure working medium pump 11, and also used as a heat regenerator to recover the heat extracted by the high-pressure expansion machine 2, thereby improving the system efficiency and the technical economy.
The high-pressure expander 2 and the low-pressure expander 3 are coaxially connected with the generator 4 to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity. The cold energy generated by the heat absorption of the circulation working medium in the evaporator 16 can be provided for users, and the refrigeration power of the circulation working medium can be controlled according to the circulation working medium pressure of the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expansion machine 2 and the low-pressure expansion machine 3 and the opening degree of the steam extraction regulating valve 7.
The low-grade heat energy is sequentially connected with the generator 15 and the preheater 14, and the low-grade heat energy is utilized in a gradient manner through the circulating working media of the step heating systems of the preheater 14 and the generator 15. The circulating working medium at the outlet of the generator 15 is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the dryness of the circulating working medium can be adjusted according to the characteristics of low-grade heat energy and the load characteristics of cold electricity.
The working process of the present invention is explained below:
the circulating working medium is heated into a gas-liquid two-phase state in the generator 15, and then enters the gas-liquid separator 1 for gas-liquid separation, wherein the gas-phase organic working medium enters the high-pressure expander 2 for expansion to do work, and drives the generator 4 to generate electricity; the liquid-phase organic working medium enters a flash tank 6 through a pressure reducing valve 5 for flash evaporation, and the organic working medium which is flashed off enters a low-pressure expansion machine 3 for expansion and work, so that a generator 4 is driven to generate power. The liquid phase organic working medium discharged from the bottom of the flash tank 6 is pressurized by a high-pressure working medium pump 13 and enters a preheater 14. The organic working medium exhaust steam at the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander 2 and the low-pressure expander 3 forms a high-speed airflow in the refrigeration ejector 8, the low-pressure organic working medium steam in the evaporator 16 is sucked into the refrigeration ejector 8 and mixed with the refrigeration ejector 8, and the organic working medium in the evaporator 16 generates a refrigeration effect due to evaporation. The mixed organic working medium with higher temperature passes through the heat regenerator 12, heats and sprays the organic working medium at the outlet of the heat regenerator 9, and then enters the condenser 10. Organic working medium steam with certain pressure is extracted from the high-pressure expansion machine 2 and enters the injection heat regenerator 9, liquid organic working medium of the injection condenser 10 enters the injection heat regenerator 9, two streams of fluid are subjected to heat exchange in the injection heat regenerator 9 and then are divided into two parts, one part of the two streams of fluid is pressurized by the low-pressure working medium pump 11, then is subjected to pressure heating by the heat regenerator 12 and is converged with the organic working medium at the outlet of the high-pressure working medium pump 13, then is subjected to preheater 14, then enters the generator 15 for constant-pressure heating and then enters the gas-liquid separator 1 to form circulation, and the other part of the two streams of fluid enters the evaporator 16.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a spray organic rankine flash distillation combined cooling and power system which characterized in that: the system comprises a gas-liquid separator (1), a high-pressure expander (2), a low-pressure expander (3), a generator (4), a pressure reducing valve (5), a flash tank (6), a steam extraction regulating valve (7), a refrigeration ejector (8), an injection heat regenerator (9), a condenser (10), a low-pressure working medium pump (11), a high-pressure working medium pump (13), a generator (15), an evaporator (16) and a throttle valve (17);
a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator (1) is connected with a steam inlet of the high-pressure expander (2), a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator (1) is connected with an inlet of the flash tank (6) through a pressure reducing valve (5), a gas outlet of the flash tank (6) is connected with a steam inlet of the low-pressure expander (3), and a liquid outlet of the flash tank (6) is connected with an inlet of the gas-liquid separator (1) through a high-pressure working medium pump (13) and a generator (15) in sequence;
exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander (2) and the low-pressure expander (3) are simultaneously connected with a working fluid inlet of a refrigeration ejector (8), an outlet of the refrigeration ejector (8) is connected with an injection fluid inlet of an injection heat regenerator (9) through a condenser (10), the outlet of the injection heat regenerator (9) is divided into two paths, one path is sequentially connected with an inlet of the gas-liquid separator (1) through a low-pressure working medium pump (11) and a generator (15), the other path is sequentially connected with the injection fluid inlet of the refrigeration ejector (8) through a throttle valve (17) and an evaporator (16), and an air suction port of the high-pressure expander (2) is connected with the working fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator (9) through an air suction regulating valve (7);
the low-grade heat energy is connected with the generator (15) and heats the circulating working medium in the generator (15); the high-pressure expander (2), the low-pressure expander (3) and the generator (4) are coaxially connected to drive the generator (4) to generate electricity; the circulating working medium is evaporated and absorbs heat in the evaporator (16) to obtain cold energy.
2. The injection organic rankine flash combined cooling and power system according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a preheater (14) which is adjacently arranged at the downstream of the generator (15), and the low-grade heat energy from the generator (15) enters the preheater (14) to preheat the circulating working medium in the preheater (14).
3. The injection organic rankine flash combined cooling and power system according to claim 2, wherein: the system also comprises a heat regenerator (12), one side of which is connected between the refrigeration ejector (8) and the condenser (10), and the other side of which is connected between the low-pressure working medium pump (11) and the preheater (14).
4. The injection organic rankine flash combined cooling and power system according to claim 1, wherein: the circulating working medium at the outlet of the generator (15) is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the dryness can be adjusted through the characteristics of low-grade heat energy and the load characteristics of cold electricity.
5. The injection organic rankine flash combined cooling and power system according to claim 1, wherein: the refrigeration power of the evaporator (16) is controlled according to the circulating working medium pressure of the exhaust gas outlets of the high-pressure expander (2) and the low-pressure expander (3) and the opening degree of the steam extraction regulating valve (7).
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| CN114215620A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Self-starting power-consumption-free organic working medium expansion-flash evaporation power generation system and process |
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