CN111303414A - High-performance low-dielectric polyimide, preparation method thereof and high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film - Google Patents
High-performance low-dielectric polyimide, preparation method thereof and high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1067—Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
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- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
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- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/5406—Silicon-containing compounds containing elements other than oxygen or nitrogen
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
- C08K5/5419—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
Abstract
The invention provides low dielectric polyimide. The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide. The invention also provides a low dielectric polyimide film, which comprises the low dielectric polyimide, fluorine-containing siloxane and porous chitosan; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 1 to 2 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 0.5 to 1 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide. The polyimide film disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dielectric constant is greatly reduced by adopting special polyimide, the polyimide film has excellent heat-resistant stability, high glass transition temperature, high transparency and excellent flame retardant property, meanwhile, the polyimide film with low dielectric constant and high water resistance is obtained by adding the fluorine-containing siloxane and the porous chitosan, and the insulating property and various mechanical properties of the polyimide film can not be damaged while the properties are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, a preparation method thereof and a high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
Background
Polyimide is a polymer having an imide ring (-CO-NH-CO-) in the main chain, and among them, a polymer having a phthalimide structure is most important. Polyimide is one of organic polymer materials with the best comprehensive performance, has the advantages of high temperature resistance, low dielectric constant, corrosion resistance and the like, has the high temperature resistance of over 400 ℃, has the long-term use temperature range of-200-300 ℃, and has very high insulating property. Polyimide is used as a special engineering material, has been widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nano-materials, liquid crystals, separation membranes, lasers and the like, and becomes an irreplaceable functional material with excellent comprehensive performance.
Polyimide (PI) has excellent heat resistance, good mechanical property, stable chemical property, excellent dielectric property, non-toxicity, irradiation resistance and other properties, and has relatively simple preparation process and excellent comprehensive performance, and is receiving more and more attention.
There are various methods for preparing a low dielectric constant polyimide film, including:
firstly, introducing fluorine-containing groups or substituting fluorine for hydrogen to synthesize low-dielectric-constant polyimide: namely, the fluorine-containing polyimide is obtained by reacting fluorine-containing dianhydride with diamine to generate a prepolymer (polyamide acid or polyamide ester) and then carrying out chemical imidization or heat treatment. Partially fluorinated polyimides are currently the most studied because perfluorinated polyimide monomers are less versatile, more toxic, difficult to synthesize, and more costly.
Secondly, a fluorene group-containing low dielectric constant polyimide: the fluorenyl has huge free volume and a condensed ring structure, so that the polyimide containing the fluorenyl has better solubility, thermal oxidation stability, mechanical property, low dielectric constant, dielectric loss and the like. The method is widely applied to high and new technology industries such as microelectronics, separation membranes, advanced display screens and the like.
Thirdly, polyimide/silicon dioxide composite material: the mixed solution of the SiO2 precursor and water is added to the polyamic acid solution and stirred to obtain a mixed solution of SiO2 and polyamic acid, and a film is formed by an appropriate method. Finally, the polyimide and nano SiO2 composite material is prepared through imidization heat treatment.
Fourthly, nano-porous low dielectric constant polyimide: as mentioned above, the low dielectric constant (close to 1) of air is utilized to introduce nanometer-level holes into the polyimide film material, so that the dielectric constant of the material can be effectively reduced.
Obviously, the fourth method, namely nano-pore, is the simplest and the most applicable method among the four methods for preparing the polyimide film with low dielectric constant. By taking the reference of the preparation methods of nano-pore materials in other fields, the nano-pore structure can be constructed in the polyimide film by means of a secondary deposition method, a sol-gel method, a thermal decomposition method, a supercritical foaming method and the like. However, the pore size distribution of the obtained nanopores is often wide (poor uniformity), so that the application performance of the material is poor. For example, in the field of microelectronics, polyimide films containing a large number of nanoporous structures with non-uniform pore sizes tend to have poor electrical breakdown resistance, which is obviously one of the important properties of dielectric materials. In view of the above, there is a need to provide a new method for constructing a uniform nano-pore structure in a polyimide film, and further for preparing a polyimide film with an ultra-low dielectric constant.
However, the dielectric constant of the current polyimides is still not satisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, a preparation method thereof and a high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, which has a structural formula shown as a formula I:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting the compound shown in the formula VI with the compound shown in the formula VII to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII;
(2) VIII, reacting the intermediate to obtain a compound shown in a formula V;
the reaction formula is as follows:
preferably, the preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of nitrogen and at a certain temperature, stirring the compound shown in the formula VI and the compound shown in the formula VII in an organic solvent for reaction to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent and a catalyst, continuously stirring the intermediate shown as VIII at a certain temperature for reaction, cleaning, filtering and drying to obtain the compound shown as the formula V.
In the step (1), the organic solvent is one of N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-dimethyl acetamide or N, N-dimethyl formamide; the reaction temperature is 5-25 ℃.
In the step (2), the dehydrating agent is one or a mixture of more of trifluoroacetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, thionyl chloride or an organic silicon compound; the molar ratio of the dehydrating agent to the compound VII is 3: 1-5: 1; the catalyst is one or a mixture of triethylamine and pyridine, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound VII is 2: 1-4: 1; the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide in high-frequency communication.
The present invention also provides a high performance low dielectric polyimide film comprising the high performance low dielectric polyimide of claim 1, a fluorosilicone, a porous chitosan; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 1 to 2 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 0.5 to 1 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide.
The fluorine-containing siloxane is one or more of heptafluoropentyl triethoxysilane, heptafluoropentyl trimethoxysilane, heptafluoropentyl trichlorosilane, perfluorooctyl ethyl trimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyl ethyl triethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyl trimethoxysilane and tridecafluorooctyl trichlorosilane.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding fluorine-containing siloxane and chitosan into an organic solvent respectively to obtain a fluorine-containing siloxane solution and a chitosan solution;
(2) heating the high performance low dielectric polyimide of claim 1 to 50-60 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature; then dropwise adding the fluorine-containing siloxane solution while stirring; stirring and naturally cooling to 30-40 ℃, and dripping chitosan solution while cooling;
(3) and (3) preparing the product obtained in the step (2) into a film, namely the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
The invention also provides the application of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide in high-frequency communication.
Has the advantages that: the polyimide film disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dielectric constant is greatly reduced by adopting special polyimide, the polyimide film has excellent heat-resistant stability, high glass transition temperature, high transparency and excellent flame retardant property, meanwhile, the polyimide film with low dielectric constant and high water resistance is obtained by adding the fluorine-containing siloxane and the porous chitosan, and the insulating property and various mechanical properties of the polyimide film can not be damaged while the properties are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained below.
In the following examples, the reaction scheme is as follows:
example 1
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of nitrogen and at a certain temperature, stirring the compound shown in the formula VI and the compound shown in the formula VII in an organic solvent for reaction to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII; the organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone; the reaction temperature is 15 ℃;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent and a catalyst, continuously stirring the intermediate shown in the formula VIII at a certain temperature for reaction, cleaning, filtering and drying to obtain a compound shown in the formula V; the dehydrating agent is trifluoroacetic anhydride; the molar ratio of the dehydrating agent to the compound VII is 4: 1; the catalyst is triethylamine, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound VII is 3: 1; the reaction temperature was 50 ℃.
Evaluation method of polymer molecular structure: fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR): the prepared PI film is carried out on an infrared spectrometer (Bruker Tensor-27, Germany);
the infrared spectrum of the polyimide having a polymerization degree of 1 prepared in example 1 shows: wave number 1764cm-1And 1701cm-1, respectively, showing asymmetric and symmetric stretching peaks of carbonyl C ═ O on the polyimide ring, 1344cm-1Belongs to a C-N stretching peak on an imide ring, 742cm-1Belonging to the C ═ O flexural vibration absorption peak on the imide ring, 1628cm-1Corresponding to the characteristic peaks of the benzene rings.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of nitrogen and at a certain temperature, stirring the compound shown in the formula VI and the compound shown in the formula VII in an organic solvent for reaction to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII; the organic solvent is N, N-dimethylacetamide; the reaction temperature is 5 ℃;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent and a catalyst, continuously stirring the intermediate shown in the formula VIII at a certain temperature for reaction, cleaning, filtering and drying to obtain a compound shown in the formula V; the dehydrating agent is acetic anhydride; the molar ratio of the dehydrating agent to the compound VII is 5: 1; the catalyst is pyridine, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound VII is 4: 1; the reaction temperature was 40 ℃.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of nitrogen and at a certain temperature, stirring the compound shown in the formula VI and the compound shown in the formula VII in an organic solvent for reaction to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII; the organic solvent is N, N-dimethyl formyl; the reaction temperature is 25 ℃;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent and a catalyst, continuously stirring the intermediate shown in the formula VIII at a certain temperature for reaction, cleaning, filtering and drying to obtain a compound shown in the formula V; the dehydrating agent is thionyl chloride; the molar ratio of the dehydrating agent to the compound VII is 3: 1; the catalyst is triethylamine, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound VII is 2: 1; the reaction temperature was 60 ℃.
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the following steps:
(1) adding fluorine-containing siloxane and chitosan into an organic solvent respectively to obtain a fluorine-containing siloxane solution and a chitosan solution;
(2) heating the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide obtained in example 1 to 55 ℃, and stirring at a constant temperature; then dropwise adding the fluorine-containing siloxane solution while stirring; stirring and naturally cooling to 305 ℃, and dripping chitosan solution while cooling;
(3) and (3) preparing the product obtained in the step (2) into a film, namely the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
The prepared high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, the fluorine-containing siloxane and the porous chitosan in the embodiment 1; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 1.5 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 0.75 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide.
The fluorine-containing siloxane is heptafluoropentyl triethoxysilane and heptafluoropentyl trimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 1: 2.
Example 5
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the following steps:
(1) adding fluorine-containing siloxane and chitosan into an organic solvent respectively to obtain a fluorine-containing siloxane solution and a chitosan solution;
(2) heating the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide of the embodiment 2 to 50 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature; then dropwise adding the fluorine-containing siloxane solution while stirring; stirring and naturally cooling to 30 ℃, and dripping chitosan solution while cooling;
(3) and (3) preparing the product obtained in the step (2) into a film, namely the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
The prepared high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, the fluorine-containing siloxane and the porous chitosan in the embodiment 2; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 1 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 1 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide.
The fluorine-containing siloxane is heptafluoropentyl trichlorosilane and perfluorooctyl ethyl trichlorosilane in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Example 6
The preparation method of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the following steps:
(1) adding fluorine-containing siloxane and chitosan into an organic solvent respectively to obtain a fluorine-containing siloxane solution and a chitosan solution;
(2) heating the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide of the embodiment 3 to 60 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature; then dropwise adding the fluorine-containing siloxane solution while stirring; stirring and naturally cooling to 40 ℃, and dripping chitosan solution while cooling;
(3) and (3) preparing the product obtained in the step (2) into a film, namely the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
The prepared high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film comprises the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, the fluorine-containing siloxane and the porous chitosan in the embodiment 3; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 2 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 0.5 percent of that of the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide.
The fluorine-containing siloxane is perfluorooctyl ethyl trimethoxy silane, perfluorooctyl ethyl triethoxy silane and tridecafluorooctyl triethoxy silane in a mass ratio of 1:2: 1.
Example 7 testing of the product Properties of examples 4 to 6
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df) test: the sample to be tested was immersed in deionized water for 10 minutes, then dried in an oven at a temperature of about 110 ℃ for about 30 minutes, and the Dk/Df value of the test sample was measured with a precision impedance analyzer (model Agilent 4294A).
(2) Coefficient of thermal expansion: measured using a static thermomechanical tester TMA/SDTA 2+ of Mettler corporation under the conditions that the measurement temperature range is 50-200 ℃ and the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min;
(3) mechanical properties: the polyimide films were each prepared as a film material having a length and width of 25.4mm × 3.2mm, and the tensile strength (MPa) and the elongation (%) of the film material were measured using a universal tester (manufactured by SHIMADZU scientific instruments, inc. (SHIMADZU) under the equipment name AG-1S).
(4) Water absorption: the dried film to constant weight was cut into pieces of about 0.2-0.3g size, soaked in deionized water at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, then the film was removed, wiped dry with paper, and quickly weighed on a balance. The water absorption S can be calculated from the formula (Ws-Wd)/Wd 100 (%).
The results are as follows:
Claims (10)
1. a high performance low dielectric polyimide having the formula I:
2. the process for preparing a high performance low dielectric polyimide as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting the compound shown in the formula VI with the compound shown in the formula VII to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII;
(2) VIII, reacting the intermediate to obtain a compound shown in a formula V;
the reaction formula is as follows:
3. the method of claim 4, wherein the polyimide has a high performance and a low dielectric constant, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) under the protection of nitrogen and at a certain temperature, stirring the compound shown in the formula VI and the compound shown in the formula VII in an organic solvent for reaction to obtain an intermediate shown in the formula VIII;
(2) adding a dehydrating agent and a catalyst, continuously stirring the intermediate shown as VIII at a certain temperature for reaction, cleaning, filtering and drying to obtain the compound shown as the formula V.
4. The method of claim 4, wherein the polyimide has a high performance and a low dielectric constant, and the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the organic solvent is one of N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-dimethyl acetamide or N, N-dimethyl formamide; the reaction temperature is 5-25 ℃.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the polyimide has a high performance and a low dielectric constant, and the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the dehydrating agent is one or a mixture of more of trifluoroacetic anhydride, acetic anhydride, thionyl chloride or an organic silicon compound; the molar ratio of the dehydrating agent to the compound VII is 3: 1-5: 1; the catalyst is one or a mixture of triethylamine and pyridine, and the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound VII is 2: 1-4: 1; the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃.
6. Use of the high performance low dielectric polyimide according to claim 1 for high frequency communications.
7. A high performance low dielectric polyimide film characterized by: comprising the high performance low dielectric polyimide of claim 1, a fluorosilicone, a porous chitosan; wherein, the mass of the fluorine-containing siloxane is 1 to 2 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide, and the mass of the porous chitosan is 0.5 to 1 percent of the mass of the low dielectric polyimide.
8. A high performance low dielectric polyimide film according to claim 7, wherein: the fluorine-containing siloxane is one or more of heptafluoropentyl triethoxysilane, heptafluoropentyl trimethoxysilane, heptafluoropentyl trichlorosilane, perfluorooctyl ethyl trimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyl ethyl triethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyl trimethoxysilane and tridecafluorooctyl trichlorosilane.
9. The method for preparing a high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film as defined in claim 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding fluorine-containing siloxane and chitosan into an organic solvent respectively to obtain a fluorine-containing siloxane solution and a chitosan solution;
(2) heating the high performance low dielectric polyimide of claim 1 to 50-60 ℃ and stirring at constant temperature; then dropwise adding the fluorine-containing siloxane solution while stirring; stirring and naturally cooling to 30-40 ℃, and dripping chitosan solution while cooling;
(3) and (3) preparing the product obtained in the step (2) into a film, namely the high-performance low-dielectric polyimide film.
10. Use of the high performance low dielectric polyimide of claim 7 in high frequency communications.
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| KIL-YEONG CHOI: "Soluble Polyimides Containing Alicyclic Structures", 《MACROMOL. SYMP》 * |
| MI HIE YI: "Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Polyimides from1,1-Bis(4-aminophenyl)cyclohexane Derivatives", 《MACROMOLECULES》 * |
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