CN111302090B - Two-dimensional similar material experiment table bottom coal caving method - Google Patents
Two-dimensional similar material experiment table bottom coal caving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111302090B CN111302090B CN202010158136.0A CN202010158136A CN111302090B CN 111302090 B CN111302090 B CN 111302090B CN 202010158136 A CN202010158136 A CN 202010158136A CN 111302090 B CN111302090 B CN 111302090B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
- B65G65/30—Methods or devices for filling or emptying bunkers, hoppers, tanks, or like containers, of interest apart from their use in particular chemical or physical processes or their application in particular machines, e.g. not covered by a single other subclass
- B65G65/34—Emptying devices
- B65G65/40—Devices for emptying otherwise than from the top
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bottom coal caving method of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, which comprises the following specific steps: s1: connecting the fixing holes at the front side and the rear side of the bottommost part of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table with bracket supports, installing a plurality of groups of coal caving turnover devices between the two bracket supports, and then locking the locking devices; s2: the channel steels are respectively positioned on the corresponding bracket supports, and experimental similar materials are stacked on the coal-caving turnover device; s3: after the experimental similar material is solidified, removing the channel steel on the front side, excavating a coal bed with a certain width at one end of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, and then sealing the front side of the experimental similar material by using transparent organic glass; s4: open locking device, rotate the coal caving steel sheet with the spanner card on the rotation axis in the coal caving turning device, the size of coal caving mouth can be controlled to the coal caving steel sheet of this application, and can close rapidly immediately after the coal caving, therefore can prevent effectively that the clastic side direction of top rock model from spilling, has guaranteed the experimental effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to similar material simulation experiments in the fields of mining engineering and geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional simulation experiment system for a mining similar material. In particular to a coal caving method which can not only extract a bottom coal simulation layer, but also ensure that a top simulation rock stratum does not cause abnormal damage in the simulation mining process.
Background
The analog simulation experiment is one of scientific and effective research means for solving the problem of underground engineering. The problems posed by geotechnical engineering are increasingly complex and cumbersome due to the constant development of economic techniques. It is difficult to obtain an accurate analytical solution by a mathematical method, and only some assumptions and simplifications can be made to solve the solution, thereby bringing about some errors. One then has to experimentally explore the regularity of complex phenomena that cannot be studied mathematically. However, the direct experimental method has great limitations, and the experimental results can only be popularized to the practical problems completely identical to the experimental conditions, and the experimental method can only obtain the surface regularity relation of individual quantity and is difficult to grasp the inherent nature of the phenomenon. "similarity simulation" is generated for solving the problems, and does not directly research the natural phenomena or processes, but researches a model similar to the natural phenomena or processes, and is a scientific research method which closely combines theory and practice and is an effective method for solving the problems of more complex production engineering. The simulation experiment of the similar material can comprehensively consider the structure and rock mass mechanical state of underground engineering, scientifically build corresponding reduced proportion models of equal geological conditions by matching reasonable proportions of different materials according to actual geological occurrence conditions of mines and test requirements of research objects, then excavate or mine coal in order according to research steps, observe the conditions of movement, deformation, damage and the like of overlying coal rock strata, combine the existing theoretical foundation and further develop a site problem occurrence mechanism, thereby providing important support criteria for safe and efficient mining of mines and smooth implementation of rock-soil engineering.
Originally when testing, the bottom coal seam needs artifical interval to be drawn out according to the procedure time of exploitation, and the back top simulation rock stratum is drawn out in the bottom coal seam and slowly collapses, at the top simulation rock stratum in-process that collapses, has because lack the side direction constraint, along with the expansion of exploitation scope, and the rock stratum piece that collapses can drop outside the simulation experiment platform, but the piece that the experiment requirement dropped should be present in the experiment platform as the bed course to influence the effect and the accuracy of whole experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
To the above-mentioned defect that two-dimensional simulation experiment exists at the coal caving in-process, this application provides a bottom coal caving method, installs the coal caving turning device earlier before building the model, demolishs fixed channel-section steel after the model solidifies, changes into transparent organic glass and seals the simulation coal seam rock stratum, opens first coal caving steel sheet locking device from laboratory bench one side, opens the rotation of bottom coal caving plate, control coal caving mouth size, closes immediately after putting out the air with the coal in proper order and turns over the board, accomplishes whole coal caving process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: the bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table comprises the following specific steps:
s1: connecting the fixing holes at the front side and the rear side of the bottommost part of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table with bracket supports, installing a plurality of groups of coal caving turnover devices between the two bracket supports, and then locking the locking devices;
s2: channel steel for fixing experimental similar materials is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, the channel steel is respectively positioned on corresponding support brackets, and the experimental similar materials are stacked on a coal discharge turning device;
s3: after the experimental similar material is solidified, removing the channel steel on the front side, excavating a coal bed with a certain width at one end of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, and then sealing the front side of the experimental similar material by using transparent organic glass;
s4: starting from a first group of coal caving turnover devices at one end of a coal seam excavation, opening a locking device, clamping a wrench on a rotating shaft in the coal caving turnover devices to rotate a coal caving steel plate, controlling the size of a coal caving opening, and closing the coal caving steel plate immediately after coal is sequentially discharged;
s5: according to the requirement of the mining interval time of the similar simulation experiment, referring to the coal caving method of the first group of coal caving turnover devices in the step S4, sequentially discharging coal until the last group is completely discharged.
Furthermore, the bracket comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate which are connected, mounting holes connected with the two-dimensional similar material experiment table are formed in two ends of the vertical plate, and a plurality of coal discharge fixing holes are uniformly formed between the mounting holes.
Furthermore, the coal caving turnover device comprises a rotating shaft and a coal caving steel plate, wherein the coal caving steel plate is welded on the rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft respectively penetrate through coal caving fixing holes in the corresponding support brackets.
Further, both end portions of the rotating shaft are set to be square structures, and the square structures are located on the outer sides of the vertical plates in the bracket.
Furthermore, the locking device is a steel plate with a certain thickness and is positioned between the bottom of the horizontal plate of the bracket and the top of the square structure when the locking device is locked.
Furthermore, similar materials are built between the oppositely arranged channel steels.
Furthermore, the transparent organic glass is fixed on the front side of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table and is positioned on a bracket on the front side.
Furthermore, when the coal discharging device is not in the coal discharging state, the coal discharging steel plate is flush with the top surface of the horizontal plate of the bracket.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
(1) the coal discharging effect is good; the size of the coal discharge port can be controlled by the coal discharge steel plate, and the coal discharge steel plate can be quickly closed immediately after coal discharge, so that the lateral leakage of rock model debris at the top can be effectively prevented, and the experimental effect is ensured;
(2) the installation operation is simple; the bracket supports are directly fixed by bolts, and the coal discharge steel plate is clamped between the two bracket supports without other fixed connection modes; when the coal is put, the wrench is used for operation, so that the coal is slowly controlled to be opened and the coal outlet is quickly closed.
(3) The application is wide; the coal discharging steel plate and the bracket can be almost installed on the existing experiment table made of any two-dimensional similar materials, and the existing experiment table does not need to be remachined and modified.
Drawings
The invention has the following figures 3:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of two-dimensional similar material experiment bottom coal caving;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the coal-discharging turning device and the bracket;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the coal-discharging turning device.
The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. two-dimensional similar material laboratory bench, 2, transparent organic glass, 3, experiment similar material (coal seam), 4, mounting hole, 5, vertical board, 6, coal caving fixed orifices, 7, coal caving steel sheet, 8, rotation axis, 9, locking device, 10, square structure, 11, support bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples: the present application is further described by taking this as an example.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar material experiment table bottom coal caving method, which includes the following specific steps:
s1, mounting two bracket holders 11: the bracket is unequal angle steel, the short edge is a horizontal plate, the long edge is a vertical plate, the horizontal plate is positioned at the top of the vertical plate, the mounting holes 4 in the vertical plate are respectively aligned with the fixing holes at the front side and the rear side of the lowest part of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table, bolts are threaded, nuts are screwed, and the nuts do not need to be screwed at the moment;
s2, installing a plurality of groups of coal caving turnover devices between two bracket supports: inserting the two ends of all the rotating shafts 8 into the coal discharging fixing holes 6 on the corresponding bracket, tightening the nuts in the step S1, rotating the coal discharging steel plate to be flush with the top surface of the horizontal plate of the bracket, and locking the locking devices 9;
s3: installing channel steel for fixing experiment similar materials, building experiment models between the symmetrical channel steel on the coal caving steel plate, and dismantling the front channel steel after the experiment similar materials are solidified and the experiment conditions are met;
s4: excavating the experimental similar material 3 for 30mm at one end of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, and then sealing the front side of the whole experimental model by using transparent organic glass 2; the glass is fixed on a bracket of the experiment table by bolts, and the lower edge of the glass falls on a horizontal plate of the bracket;
s5: from experiment similar material (coal seam) 3 excavation one end the first group of turning device that puts coal begins, takes locking device 9 away, rotates the coal-discharging steel sheet on the rotation axis with special spanner card, and control coal-discharging mouth size closes the board that turns over immediately after putting out the sky with the coal in proper order, and concrete process is:
according to the experimental requirements, the coal is discharged from the first group of coal discharging turnover devices: (1) the locking device 9 is taken away; (2) a special spanner is clamped on the square structure 10 at one side of the rotating shaft; (3) slowly rotating the coal discharging steel plate anticlockwise until all the coal above the coal discharging steel plate 7 is discharged; (4) the coal discharging steel plate is immediately reset, and the locking device 9 is locked.
S6: and sequentially discharging coal according to the method until the position required by the experiment is reached.
S7: after coal caving, the upper rock stratum model can collapse, rock fragments after collapse can be sealed in the transparent organic glass and the rear side channel steel and cannot leak, observation and measurement of the experimental model are carried out through the glass, and the requirement of the experimental purpose is met.
Preferably, the thickness of the coal caving steel plate is 30mm, the width of the coal caving steel plate is 150mm, the thickness of the coal seam directly reflects the width of the coal seam, the 150mm selected by the invention is determined by considering the most common coal seam mining thickness and the most common coal seam similarity ratio, and the width of the coal caving steel plate can be redesigned and manufactured according to the similarity ratio of the actual mining coal seam thickness and the experimental requirement.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is a round bar with a diameter phi of 30mm and a square cross section at two end parts.
The above description is only for the purpose of creating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1: connecting the fixing holes at the front side and the rear side of the bottommost part of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table with bracket supports, installing a plurality of groups of coal caving turnover devices between the two bracket supports, and then locking the locking devices;
s2: channel steel for fixing experimental similar materials is respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, the channel steel is respectively positioned on corresponding support brackets, and the experimental similar materials are stacked on a coal discharge turning device;
s3: after the experimental similar material is solidified, removing the channel steel on the front side, excavating a coal bed with a certain width at one end of a two-dimensional similar material experiment table, and then sealing the front side of the experimental similar material by using transparent organic glass;
s4: starting from a first group of coal caving turnover devices at one end of a coal seam excavation, opening a locking device, clamping a wrench on a rotating shaft in the coal caving turnover devices to rotate a coal caving steel plate, controlling the size of a coal caving opening, and closing the coal caving steel plate immediately after coal is sequentially discharged;
s5: according to the requirement of the mining interval time of the similar simulation experiment, referring to the coal caving method of the first group of coal caving turnover devices in the step S4, sequentially discharging coal until the last group is completely discharged;
the bracket comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate which are connected, mounting holes connected with a two-dimensional similar material experiment table are formed in two ends of the vertical plate, and a plurality of coal discharge fixing holes are uniformly formed among the mounting holes.
2. The method for discharging coal from the bottom of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal discharging turning device comprises a rotating shaft and a coal discharging steel plate, the coal discharging steel plate is welded on the rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft respectively penetrate through coal discharging fixing holes on corresponding support brackets.
3. The two-dimensional similar material experiment table bottom coal caving method according to claim 2, characterized in that both end portions of the rotating shaft are provided with a square structure which is positioned at the outer side of the vertical plate in the bracket.
4. The bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table according to claim 1, wherein the locking device is a steel plate with a certain thickness, and is positioned between the bottom of the horizontal plate of the bracket and the top of the square structure when being locked.
5. The bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental similar material is built between the oppositely arranged channel steels.
6. The bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table according to claim 1, wherein the transparent organic glass is fixed on the front side of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table, and the transparent organic glass is positioned on a bracket on the front side.
7. The bottom coal caving method of the two-dimensional similar material experiment table as claimed in claim 2, wherein the coal caving steel plate is flush with the top surface of the horizontal plate of the bracket when not in the coal caving state.
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| CN203838149U (en) * | 2014-05-17 | 2014-09-17 | 西安科技大学 | Assembled plane analog simulation experimental device |
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| CN105510554A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Steeply inclined coal seam horizontal segmentation full-mechanized caving mining simulation experiment table and method |
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