CN111301481B - Push wheel device and railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine - Google Patents
Push wheel device and railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111301481B CN111301481B CN202010227799.3A CN202010227799A CN111301481B CN 111301481 B CN111301481 B CN 111301481B CN 202010227799 A CN202010227799 A CN 202010227799A CN 111301481 B CN111301481 B CN 111301481B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K13/00—Other auxiliaries or accessories for railways
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Special Conveying (AREA)
- Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a push wheel device and a wheel set traversing machine of a railway vehicle, wherein the push wheel device comprises a push wheel rod and an air cylinder, the push wheel rod takes a far end as a rotation fulcrum to drive a near end to rotate upwards to contact with the wheel set tread and push the wheel set, and the tail end of a piston rod of the air cylinder is rotationally connected to the push wheel rod to control the push wheel rod to rotate. The push wheel rod of the push wheel device can contact the tread of the wheel set and finish push wheel work only by rotating a small angle, thereby greatly improving the push wheel efficiency; meanwhile, the stroke of a piston rod of the cylinder for providing power is also greatly shortened relatively, the installation and operation space is greatly reduced during actual work, the requirement on the cylinder is also greatly reduced, the equipment cost is reduced, and the practicability is stronger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway vehicles, and particularly relates to a wheel pushing device and a railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine.
Background
The rail vehicle realizes the purposes of transportation and the like based on the matching of the rail and the wheel pair, wherein the wheel pair is a part of the rail vehicle contacted with a steel rail and is formed by firmly pressing left and right wheels on the same axle. The wheel set has the functions of ensuring the running and steering of the rolling stock on the steel rail, bearing all static and dynamic loads from the rolling stock, transmitting the static and dynamic loads to the steel rail and transmitting the loads generated by unsmooth lines to all parts of the rolling stock. The wheel set is usually made of steel and has very large mass, so that the wheel set is difficult to carry manually in the processes of production, detection, maintenance and the like of the wheel set, and professional equipment is required to carry out wheel set displacement.
In general, the wheel set displacement can be completed along the wheel axis direction and perpendicular to the wheel axis direction, the displacement along the wheel axis direction can be completed by a traversing machine, and the displacement perpendicular to the wheel axis direction needs to be designed with a special wheel pushing device to push the wheel set out of the traversing machine to enter other working procedures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems in the prior art and provides a wheel pushing device and a wheel set traversing machine of a railway vehicle.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
The push wheel device comprises a push wheel rod and an air cylinder, wherein the push wheel rod takes a far end as a rotating fulcrum to drive a near end to rotate upwards to contact the tread of the wheel set and push the wheel set, and the tail end of a piston rod of the air cylinder is rotationally connected to the push wheel rod to control the push wheel rod to rotate.
Further, the length of the push wheel rod is L2, and the distance between the connecting point of the air cylinder and the push wheel rod and the rotating fulcrum of the push wheel rod is L1, and L2/L1 is less than 2.
Further, a roller is mounted to the proximal head of the push wheel bar.
Further, still include connector and cylinder support, push away round bar, connector, cylinder and cylinder support from the top down connect gradually, the connector rotates with pushing away round bar to be connected, and the cylinder rotates with the cylinder support to be connected.
The wheel set traversing mechanism of the railway vehicle comprises a traversing mechanism body and the wheel pushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wheel pushing device is arranged on the traversing mechanism body, the telescopic rod traversing mechanism body comprises a frame and steel rails, the steel rails are fixedly arranged at the tops of two sides of the frame in pairs, and the steel rails are perpendicular to the length direction of the frame.
Further, the automatic transverse moving machine further comprises a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, a track and a speed reducer, wherein the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and rotatably arranged at two ends of the frame, the track is laid between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket and realizes transmission through the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, and the speed reducer is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket to provide transverse moving power for the transverse moving machine body.
Further, the push wheel rod is arranged in parallel with the steel rail, the far end of the push wheel rod is rotationally connected with the steel rail, and the cylinder support is fixedly arranged on the cradle head extending out from the side of the frame.
Further, the crawler belt comprises a crawler belt plate, connecting pieces, ball bearings and sealing pieces, the crawler belt plate is connected end to form a ring shape, the connecting pieces are in a 'gamma' -shape, the horizontal parts of the connecting pieces are fixed on the two sides of the crawler belt plate, the end parts of two adjacent connecting pieces are overlapped and movably connected through one ball bearing, the sealing pieces are arranged on the other side of the ball bearing, and the adjacent sealing pieces are also overlapped and movably connected with the same ball bearing; the rack is also fixedly provided with a strip-shaped bearing frame which is arranged along the length direction of the rack and is contacted with the rolling surface of the ball bearing.
Further, an arc-shaped concave surface is arranged on the contact surface of the track plate and the wheel set.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the push wheel rod of the push wheel device can contact the tread of the wheel set and finish push wheel work only by rotating a small angle, thereby greatly improving the push wheel efficiency; meanwhile, the stroke of a piston rod of the cylinder for providing power is also greatly shortened relatively, the installation and operation space is greatly reduced during actual work, the requirement on the cylinder is also greatly reduced, the equipment cost is reduced, and the practicability is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working state of a conventional push wheel device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an operation state of a push wheel device according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a traversing mechanism of a two-wheel set in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at C;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-wheel-set traversing machine of an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the working state of the third push wheel device according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the push wheel device is installed at the side of the steel rail and comprises a push wheel rod 10 and an air cylinder 20, wherein the push wheel rod 10 takes a far end as a rotation pivot to drive a near end to rotate upwards to contact the tread and push the wheel pair, and the tail end of a piston rod of the air cylinder 20 is rotationally connected to the push wheel rod 10 to control the push wheel rod 10 to rotate.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional push wheel mechanism, the pivot point of the push wheel lever 10 is close to the wheel set, and the following problems exist in such a push wheel mechanism: (1) The push wheel rod 10 can only contact the wheel set to finish push wheel work after rotating a large angle, so that the efficiency is low; (2) The corresponding telescopic travel of the cylinder 20 to be used is long enough to complete the wheel set, which also increases the installation and operation space, is unfavorable for practical use, has higher requirements on the cylinder 20 and increases the equipment cost.
Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a push wheel device in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein a rotation pivot of a push wheel lever 10 is far away from a wheel set, that is, the rotation pivot is a distal end of the push wheel lever 10, and a rotation end of a corresponding push wheel lever 10 is close to the wheel set, so that the push wheel lever 10 can contact a tread of the wheel set and complete push wheel operation only by rotating a small angle, thereby greatly improving push wheel efficiency; meanwhile, the stroke of a piston rod of the cylinder 20 for providing power is also greatly shortened relatively, the installation and operation space is greatly reduced during actual work, the requirement on the cylinder is also greatly reduced, the equipment cost is reduced, and the practicability is higher.
Example two
The present invention overcomes the conventional technical bias, redesigns the position structure in the push wheel device, thereby obtaining better push wheel effect, and the push wheel device in the above embodiment will be described below with reference to the actual wheel set traversing machine structure.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a wheel set traversing machine is shown, including a traversing machine main body 30 and a pushing wheel device installed on the traversing machine main body 30, the traversing machine main body 30 includes a frame 31, a driving sprocket 32, a driven sprocket 33, a track 34, a speed reducer 35 and a steel rail 36, the frame 31 is a frame type steel member, and is formed by adopting a welding and bolt fixing mode, the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33 are respectively installed at two ends of the frame 31 through bearing seats in a rotating way, the track 34 is laid between the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33, transmission is realized through the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33, the speed reducer 35 is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket 32 to provide traversing power for the traversing machine main body 30, in this embodiment, an output shaft of the speed reducer 35 is in transmission connection with the driving sprocket 32 through a common chain, an output shaft of the speed reducer 35 can be connected with a shaft of the driving sprocket 32 by using a coupling, the 36 is fixedly installed at two sides of the steel rail 31 in pairs, and the steel rail 36 is arranged perpendicular to the length direction of the frame 31.
The wheel set to be shifted is placed on the crawler 34, the axle of the wheel set is kept consistent with the length direction of the traversing mechanism main body 30, after the speed reducer 35 is started, the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33 drive the crawler 34 to move, so that the wheel set is driven to shift, the wheel set is positioned to the steel rail 36 to be output, and the wheel pushing device is controlled to work to push the wheel set into the corresponding steel rail 36.
As shown in fig. 6, the push wheel device is installed at the side of the steel rail 36, and comprises a push wheel rod 10, a cylinder 20, a connector 21 and a cylinder support 22, wherein the push wheel rod 10, the connector 21, the cylinder 20 and the cylinder support 22 are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the connector 21 is rotationally connected with the push wheel rod 10 through a pin shaft, and the cylinder 20 is rotationally connected with the cylinder support 22 through a pin shaft, so that the cylinder 20 can be ensured to freely rotate in a control range when working, and the push wheel device can normally work; the cylinder support 22 is fixedly arranged on a cradle head extending out of the side of the frame 31 through bolts, the push wheel rod 10 and the steel rail 36 are arranged in parallel, and the distal end of the push wheel rod 10 is rotatably connected with the steel rail 36 through a pin shaft.
When the wheel set is positioned at the position of the steel rail 36 to be output, the air cylinder 20 is started, the push wheel rod 10 rotates around the rotation fulcrum at the far end under the action of the air cylinder 20 and gradually approaches the wheel set until contacting the tread of the wheel, and under the continuous rotation of the push wheel rod 10, the wheel set can be naturally pushed out into the corresponding steel rail 36 by the push wheel rod 10; a steel rail bracket 361 is correspondingly arranged below each steel rail 36, the upper end and the lower end of the steel rail bracket 361 are respectively welded at the bottom of the steel rail 36 and the top of the cradle head beside the frame 31, and the steel rail bracket 361 is obliquely arranged to form a triangle with the steel rail 36 and the frame 31, so that the supporting strength and the stability of the steel rail 36 are improved.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, in order to prevent the track 34 from being deformed or broken due to the falling of the wheel set during the traversing, the track 34 needs to be structurally designed, specifically, the track 34 includes a track plate 341, a connecting piece 342, a ball bearing 343 and a sealing piece 344, the track plate 341 is connected end to form a ring shape, the connecting piece 342 is in a 'r' shape, the horizontal parts of the connecting pieces 342 are fixed on two sides of the track plate 341 through bolts, the end parts of two adjacent connecting pieces 342 are overlapped and movably connected through a ball bearing 343, the sealing piece 344 is arranged on the other side of the ball bearing 343 to improve the stability and the connection strength of the ball bearing 343, the adjacent sealing piece 344 is also movably connected with the same ball bearing 343, thereby forming the track 34 with a special structural design, the corresponding frame 31 is fixedly provided with a strip-shaped bearing frame 311 which is arranged along the length direction of the frame 31 and is contacted with the rolling surface of the ball bearing 343, and the bearing frame 311 can be welded on the frame 31 or fastened and mounted through bolts.
Since the two sides of the frame 31 are provided with the bearing frames 311 for bearing the ball bearings 343, the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33 are correspondingly arranged in groups, each group is two, and each group of the driving sprocket 32 and the driven sprocket 33 is arranged at two ends of a main shaft; the force from the wheel set born by the track 34 is transmitted to the bearing frame 311, so that the problem that the track 34 is concavely deformed or even broken due to falling of the wheel set during traversing is prevented, in addition, rolling friction is adopted between the ball bearings 343 and the bearing frame 311, so that noise and resistance during traversing of the wheel set can be reduced, abrasion is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 7, an arc concave surface is disposed on the contact surface between the track shoe 341 and the wheel set, so as to prevent the wheel set from shaking when traversing.
Example III
The present embodiment is further improved and described with respect to the push wheel device in the above two embodiments.
As shown in fig. 8, the length of the push wheel bar 10 is L2, and the distance between the connection point of the air cylinder 20 and the push wheel bar 10 and the rotation pivot of the push wheel bar 10 is L1, L2/L1 < 2.
According to the lever principle, f1·l1=f2·l2, F1 and L1 are the power and power arms of the cylinder 20, F2 and L2 are the resistance and resistance arms of the wheel set, respectively, and since L1 is smaller than L2, F1 > F2, i.e. to push the wheel set, the power F1 provided by the cylinder 20 exceeds F2, in order to reduce the requirement on the cylinder 20 as much as possible, L1 needs to be prolonged as much as possible, i.e. the cylinder 20 is mounted as close to the proximal end of the push wheel bar 10 as much as possible, so that the requirement on equipment can be reduced and the cost of production and maintenance can be reduced on the premise of equal mounting space.
In addition, as shown in fig. 7, the roller 11 is mounted at the proximal end of the push wheel rod 10, the roller 11 is mounted on the push wheel rod 10 through a rotor pin shaft, the push wheel is opposite to the push wheel, the roller 11 replaces the push wheel rod 10 to contact with the wheel, rolling friction is formed between the roller 11 and the wheel, on one hand, the resistance during pushing the wheel can be reduced, and on the other hand, scratches on the surface of the wheel caused by the direct contact of the push wheel rod 10 with the wheel can be avoided.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The rail vehicle wheel set traversing mechanism is characterized by comprising a traversing mechanism main body (30) and a push wheel device, wherein the push wheel device is arranged on the traversing mechanism main body (30), the telescopic rod traversing mechanism main body (30) comprises a frame (31) and steel rails (36), the steel rails (36) are fixedly arranged at the tops of two sides of the frame (31) in pairs, and the steel rails (36) are perpendicular to the length direction of the frame (31);
the push wheel device comprises a push wheel rod (10) and an air cylinder (20), wherein the push wheel rod (10) takes a far end as a rotating fulcrum to drive a near end to rotate upwards to contact with a wheel pair tread and push the wheel pair, and the tail end of a piston rod of the air cylinder (20) is rotationally connected to the push wheel rod (10) to control the push wheel rod (10) to rotate;
the length of the push wheel rod (10) is L2, and the distance between the connecting point of the air cylinder (20) and the push wheel rod (10) and the rotating fulcrum of the push wheel rod (10) is L1, wherein L2/L1 is less than 2;
a roller (11) is arranged at the proximal end part of the push wheel rod (10);
The automatic transverse movement machine is characterized by further comprising a driving chain wheel (32), a driven chain wheel (33), a track (34) and a speed reducer (35), wherein the driving chain wheel (32) and the driven chain wheel (33) are respectively and rotatably arranged at two ends of the frame (31), the track (34) is laid between the driving chain wheel (32) and the driven chain wheel (33) and realizes transmission through the driving chain wheel (32) and the driven chain wheel (33), and the speed reducer (35) is in transmission connection with the driving chain wheel (32) to provide transverse movement power for the transverse movement machine main body (30);
The push wheel rod (10) is arranged in parallel with the steel rail (36), and the far end of the push wheel rod (10) is rotationally connected with the steel rail (36);
The crawler belt (34) comprises a crawler belt plate (341), connecting pieces (342), ball bearings (343) and sealing pieces (344), the crawler belt plate (341) is connected end to form a ring shape, the connecting pieces (342) are in a 'f' shape, the horizontal parts of the connecting pieces (342) are fixed on two sides of the crawler belt plate (341), the end parts of two adjacent connecting pieces (342) are overlapped and movably connected through one ball bearing (343), the sealing pieces (344) are arranged on the other side of the ball bearing (343), and the adjacent sealing pieces (344) are also overlapped and movably connected with the same ball bearing (343); the rack (31) is also fixedly provided with a strip-shaped bearing frame (311) which is arranged along the length direction of the rack (31) and is contacted with the rolling surface of the ball bearing (343).
2. The railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a connector (21) and a cylinder support (22), wherein the push wheel rod (10), the connector (21), the cylinder (20) and the cylinder support (22) are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the connector (21) is rotationally connected with the push wheel rod (10), the cylinder (20) is rotationally connected with the cylinder support (22), and the cylinder support (22) is fixedly arranged on a cradle head extending laterally of the frame (31).
3. The railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the track shoe (341) and the wheel set is provided with an arc-shaped concave surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010227799.3A CN111301481B (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Push wheel device and railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010227799.3A CN111301481B (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Push wheel device and railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111301481A CN111301481A (en) | 2020-06-19 |
| CN111301481B true CN111301481B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010227799.3A Active CN111301481B (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Push wheel device and railway vehicle wheel set traversing machine |
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| CN (1) | CN111301481B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007163329A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-28 | Meidensha Corp | Centering device |
| CN202208301U (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-05-02 | 北京德高洁清洁设备有限公司 | Push wheel and rotating wheel device of wheel set |
| CN203652741U (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-06-18 | 铜陵科达车辆装备有限责任公司 | Hydraulic externally hanging type wheel pushing device |
| CN106563997A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-04-19 | 齐齐哈尔四达铁路设备有限责任公司 | Railway vehicle wheel set derusting machine |
| CN107063686A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-08-18 | 铜陵正前机械装备制造有限公司 | The online bearing running-in machine and its application method for becoming rail can be achieved |
| CN107901702A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-13 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of rolling stock wheel is to thumb wheel rotary wheel device and repair method |
| CN212373386U (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-01-19 | 安徽瑞铁轨道装备有限公司 | Push away wheel device and rail vehicle wheel pair sideslip machine |
-
2020
- 2020-03-27 CN CN202010227799.3A patent/CN111301481B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007163329A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-28 | Meidensha Corp | Centering device |
| CN202208301U (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2012-05-02 | 北京德高洁清洁设备有限公司 | Push wheel and rotating wheel device of wheel set |
| CN203652741U (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-06-18 | 铜陵科达车辆装备有限责任公司 | Hydraulic externally hanging type wheel pushing device |
| CN106563997A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-04-19 | 齐齐哈尔四达铁路设备有限责任公司 | Railway vehicle wheel set derusting machine |
| CN107063686A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-08-18 | 铜陵正前机械装备制造有限公司 | The online bearing running-in machine and its application method for becoming rail can be achieved |
| CN107901702A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-13 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of rolling stock wheel is to thumb wheel rotary wheel device and repair method |
| CN212373386U (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-01-19 | 安徽瑞铁轨道装备有限公司 | Push away wheel device and rail vehicle wheel pair sideslip machine |
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| CN111301481A (en) | 2020-06-19 |
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