CN111299547B - High-temperature-resistant composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299547B CN111299547B CN202010191145.XA CN202010191145A CN111299547B CN 111299547 B CN111299547 B CN 111299547B CN 202010191145 A CN202010191145 A CN 202010191145A CN 111299547 B CN111299547 B CN 111299547B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat-resistant materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; (2) removing the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; (3) and (3) casting heat-resistant alloy steel into the porous amorphous silicon framework to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material. According to the invention, the heat-resistant alloy steel water permeates into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton, so that the heat-resistant alloy steel and the amorphous silicon are uniformly fused, and the high-temperature-resistant composite material is obtained. The example results show that the temperature resistance of the high-temperature resistant material prepared by the invention is up to 1650 ℃, which shows that the composite material prepared by the invention has excellent heat resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat-resistant materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The pulverized coal burner is a device which reasonably mixes pulverized coal and air to ensure that the pulverized coal is stably ignited and completely combusted, and is mainly used for a power plant power generation boiler. To achieve stable ignition and high combustion efficiency, the flame temperature should be kept as high as possible.
The pulverized coal burner mainly comprises a primary air elbow, a Venturi tube, a pulverized coal concentrator, a burner nozzle, a flame stabilizing ring, an inner secondary air device, an outer secondary air device, a burner shell and the like. During power generation, pulverized coal ground by a coal mill and conveying air (primary air) of the pulverized coal pass through a pulverized coal pipeline, a primary air pipe of a combustor, a venturi tube, a pulverized coal concentrator and a combustor nozzle and then are sprayed into a hearth and ignited and combusted by an ignition oil gun, the flame temperature of a nozzle of the combustor nozzle is very high, the existing combustor nozzle is generally made of heat-resistant steel represented by Cr24Ni11, but the highest temperature resistance is only 1100 ℃, the pulverized coal is easy to soften and collapse under the ignition of high-temperature flame, and the heat resistance is insufficient, so that the service life of the combustor nozzle is short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant composite material, the composite material prepared by the invention has excellent heat resistance, is suitable for being used as a raw material of a burner nozzle, and can remarkably prolong the service life of the burner nozzle.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part;
(2) removing the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework;
(3) and (3) casting heat-resistant alloy steel into the porous amorphous silicon framework to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material.
Preferably, the step (1) includes the steps of:
11) mixing the amorphous silicon powder with a liquid-state bonding agent to obtain amorphous silicon slurry;
12) immersing a porous framework adsorption material into the polycrystalline silicon slurry, and enabling the polycrystalline silicon powder to penetrate into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain the polycrystalline silicon porous framework adsorption material;
13) and removing the liquid binder in the porous framework adsorption material of the amorphous silicon to obtain the amorphous silicon prefabricated part.
Preferably, the grain size of the amorphous silicon powder in the step (1) is 500-1500 meshes.
Preferably, the porous skeleton adsorption material in the step (1) is sponge or polyurethane foam.
Preferably, the method for removing the porous framework adsorption material in the step (2) is heating volatilization.
Preferably, the casting temperature in the step (3) is 1450-1500 ℃.
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises an amorphous silicon framework and a heat-resistant alloy filled in the amorphous silicon framework.
Preferably, the content of the amorphous silicon is 12-15 g/cm3。
The invention provides application of the high-temperature-resistant composite material in the technical scheme in a burner nozzle.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; (2) removing the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; (3) and (3) casting heat-resistant alloy steel into the porous amorphous silicon framework to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material. According to the invention, heat-resistant alloy steel water permeates into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton, so that uniform fusion of the heat-resistant alloy steel and the amorphous silicon is realized, and the high-temperature-resistant composite material is obtained; in the high-temperature-resistant composite material, an amorphous silicon framework is taken as a guard framework and interwoven with heat-resistant alloy steel as a filler, the amorphous silicon framework has excellent heat resistance and can still maintain a complete framework structure at 1650 ℃, and the embodiment result shows that the temperature resistance of the high-temperature-resistant material prepared by the invention is up to 1650 ℃, which shows that the composite material prepared by the invention has excellent heat resistance.
The high-temperature-resistant material provided by the invention is used for manufacturing the burner nozzle, the service life of the burner nozzle can reach 6-8 years, and compared with the service life of the existing burner nozzle of 1.5 years, the high-temperature-resistant material provided by the invention can obviously prolong the service life of the burner nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part;
(2) removing the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework;
(3, casting the heat-resistant alloy steel into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the starting materials for the preparation are all commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.
According to the invention, the amorphous silicon powder is immersed in the porous framework adsorption material to obtain the amorphous silicon prefabricated part. In the invention, the grain size of the amorphous silicon powder is preferably 500-1500 meshes, more preferably 1000-1200 meshes, and particularly preferably is a mixed powder of 500-mesh amorphous silicon powder and 1500-mesh amorphous silicon powder, wherein the mass ratio of 500-mesh amorphous silicon powder to 1500-mesh amorphous silicon powder is preferably 1: 1. in the present invention, the heat resistance of the recrystallized silicon powder of different particle sizes is different, and the particle size and the compounding ratio of the recrystallized silicon powder are generally determined according to the actual use temperature of the nozzle.
In the present invention, the porous skeleton-adsorbing material is preferably a sponge or a polyurethane foam. In the invention, the pore diameter of the porous framework adsorbing material is preferably 500-1500 meshes, and is more preferably the same as the particle diameter of the amorphous silicon powder. The porous structure of the porous framework adsorbing material is utilized to adsorb the amorphous silicon powder, and the porous framework adsorbing material is subsequently removed to form the porous amorphous silicon framework. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the porous skeletal adsorbent material is pre-machined to the shape of the desired workpiece.
In the present invention, the method of immersing the amorphous silicon powder in the porous skeleton adsorption material preferably includes: 11) mixing the amorphous silicon powder with a liquid-state bonding agent to obtain amorphous silicon slurry; 12) immersing a porous framework adsorption material into the polycrystalline silicon slurry, and enabling the polycrystalline silicon powder to penetrate into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain the polycrystalline silicon porous framework adsorption material; 13) and removing the liquid binder in the porous framework adsorption material of the amorphous silicon to obtain the amorphous silicon prefabricated part. In the present invention, the liquid binder is preferably an industrial foundry repair agent. The invention has no special requirements on the industrial casting repair agent, and the casting repair agent which is well known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the industrial foundry repair agent is preferably a WD112 steel repair agent produced by shanghai kandada. In the invention, the mass content of the liquid bonding agent in the amorphous silicon slurry is preferably 2-6%. In the invention, each cubic meter of porous framework adsorbing material preferably adsorbs 12-15 g of the monocrystalline silicon powder. In the present invention, the manner of removing the liquid binder is preferably drying; the drying temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 12-15 h.
In the invention, the size and the shape of the amorphous silicon prefabricated part are preferably determined according to actual requirements.
After the amorphous silicon prefabricated part is obtained, the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part is removed, and the porous amorphous silicon framework is obtained. In the present invention, the method for removing the porous skeleton-adsorbing material is heating volatilization. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the heating temperature is preferably 150-200 ℃, and more preferably 180 ℃; the heating time is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the porous skeleton adsorbing material is preferably completely removed. In the particular embodiment of the present invention, the heating is preferably performed using a flame spray gun. In a specific embodiment of the invention, preferably, the amorphous silicon prefabricated part is placed into a casting cavity, and the casting cavity is heated to 150 ℃ by a flame spray gun, so that the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part is gasified and volatilized.
In the invention, the porosity of the porous amorphous silicon skeleton is preferably 15%, and the pore diameter is preferably 0.1-0.2 mm.
After the porous amorphous silicon framework is obtained, the heat-resistant alloy steel is poured into the porous amorphous silicon framework to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material. In the invention, the heat-resistant alloy molten steel is preferably 0Cr23Ni13 (the specific chemical components are C less than or equal to 0.08%, Si less than or equal to 1.00%, Mn less than or equal to 2.00%, S less than or equal to 0.030%, P less than or equal to 0.035%, Cr 22.00-24.00%, and Ni12.00-15.00% by mass). In the invention, the casting temperature is preferably 1450-1500 ℃. In the embodiment of the present invention, one-time casting molding is preferable.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, preferably, the porous amorphous silicon framework is boxed and molded, and then the heat-resistant alloy steel is poured into the porous amorphous silicon framework to obtain the high-temperature-resistant composite material with the two fully fused.
The invention also provides the high-temperature-resistant composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises a crystalline silicon framework and a heat-resistant alloy filled in the crystalline silicon framework. In the invention, the content of the amorphous silicon in the high-temperature-resistant composite material is preferably 12-15 g/cm3(ii) a The density of the high-temperature-resistant composite material is preferably 2.5-2.9 g/cm3More preferably 2.7g/cm3(ii) a The Mohs hardness is preferably 9.0-10.0, and more preferably 9.5; the temperature resistance is preferably 1550 ℃ or higher, more preferably 1650 ℃.
The invention also provides the application of the high-temperature resistant composite material in the technical scheme in a burner nozzle, and more preferably a pulverized coal burner nozzle. According to the invention, when the burner nozzle is prepared, the amorphous silicon precast block is preferably processed into the shape and size required by the burner nozzle. The burner nozzle prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has excellent high-temperature resistance, the service life of the burner nozzle can reach 6-8 years, and the service life of the burner nozzle is prolonged.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Uniformly mixing 500-mesh and 1500-mesh recrystallized silicon powder (the ratio of the two is 1: 1, the using amount of the mixed powder is 0.8 kg/square meter), and adding an industrial casting repair agent (the using amount is 15% of the mass of the recrystallized silicon powder) to prepare recrystallized silicon slurry; processing 1200-mesh sponge into a required nozzle shape, immersing the sponge into the amorphous silicon slurry, taking out after soaking, airing, then putting the sponge into a drying oven, and drying for 13h at the temperature of 60 ℃ to form an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; putting the amorphous silicon prefabricated part into a casting cavity, heating the casting cavity to 150 ℃ by using a flame spray gun, and gasifying and volatilizing sponge in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; and (3) casting heat-resistant alloy molten steel (0Cr23Ni13) into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton, and performing one-step casting molding at the casting temperature of 1500 ℃ to obtain the pulverized coal combustion nozzle combining the heat-resistant steel and the amorphous silicon skeleton.
The pulverized coal burner nozzle prepared by the embodiment is used by a Luoyang Tang power plant for five years, is still normally used at present, has the service life predicted to be 6-8 years and has the temperature resistance of 1650 ℃.
Example 2
Mixing 1000-mesh recrystallized silicon powder (the dosage is 0.8 kg/square meter) and an industrial casting repair agent (the dosage is 15 percent of the mass of the recrystallized silicon powder) to prepare recrystallized silicon slurry; processing 1000 meshes of sponge into a required nozzle shape, immersing the sponge into the amorphous silicon slurry, taking out and airing the sponge after soaking, then putting the sponge into a drying oven, and drying the sponge for 12 hours at 70 ℃ to form an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; putting the amorphous silicon prefabricated part into a casting cavity, heating the casting cavity to 150 ℃ by using a flame spray gun, and gasifying and volatilizing sponge in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; casting heat-resistant alloy molten steel (0Cr23Ni13) into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton, and performing one-step casting molding at 1500 ℃ to obtain a pulverized coal combustion nozzle compounding the heat-resistant high-temperature steel and the amorphous silicon skeleton;
the nozzle of the pulverized coal burner prepared in the embodiment is used in a Luoyang Datang power plant, and the service life is 6 years.
Example 3
Mixing 1200-mesh recrystallized silicon powder (0.8 kg/square meter powder) with an industrial casting repair agent (the dosage is 15% of the mass of the recrystallized silicon powder) to prepare recrystallized silicon slurry; processing 1200-mesh sponge into a required nozzle shape, immersing the sponge into the amorphous silicon slurry, taking out after soaking, airing, then putting the sponge into a drying oven, and drying for 10 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to form an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; putting the amorphous silicon prefabricated part into a casting cavity, heating the casting cavity to 150 ℃ by using a flame spray gun, and gasifying and volatilizing sponge in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; casting heat-resistant alloy molten steel (0Cr23Ni13) into the porous amorphous silicon skeleton, and performing one-step casting molding at 1500 ℃ to obtain a pulverized coal combustion nozzle compounding the heat-resistant high-temperature steel and the amorphous silicon skeleton;
the nozzle of the pulverized coal burner prepared in the embodiment is used by a Luoyang Datang power plant, and the service life is 7 years.
The burner nozzle is prepared from the amorphous silicon and the heat-resistant alloy steel, so that the temperature resistance of the nozzle is improved, and the service life of the nozzle is greatly prolonged.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; the amorphous silicon powder is a mixed powder of 500-mesh amorphous silicon powder and 1500-mesh amorphous silicon powder; the mass ratio of the mixed powder of the 500-mesh recrystallized silicon powder and the 1500-mesh recrystallized silicon powder is 1: 1;
the method for immersing the amorphous silicon powder into the porous skeleton adsorption material comprises the following steps:
11) mixing the amorphous silicon powder with a liquid-state bonding agent to obtain amorphous silicon slurry;
12) immersing a porous framework adsorption material into the polycrystalline silicon slurry, and enabling the polycrystalline silicon powder to penetrate into the porous framework adsorption material to obtain the polycrystalline silicon porous framework adsorption material;
13) removing the liquid binder in the porous framework adsorbing material of the amorphous silicon to obtain an amorphous silicon prefabricated part; the liquid bonding agent is an industrial casting repairing agent;
(2) removing the porous framework adsorption material in the amorphous silicon prefabricated part to obtain a porous amorphous silicon framework; the removing method is heating volatilization; the heating temperature is 150-200 ℃;
(3) casting heat-resistant alloy steel into the porous amorphous silicon framework by water to obtain a high-temperature-resistant composite material; the heat-resistant alloy molten steel is 0Cr23Ni13 molten steel;
the temperature resistance of the high-temperature resistant composite material is 1650 ℃;
the high temperature resistant composite material is applied in a burner nozzle.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the porous skeleton adsorption material in the step (1) is sponge or polyurethane foam.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the casting temperature in the step (3) is 1450-1500 ℃.
4. The high-temperature-resistant composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising an amorphous silicon framework and a heat-resistant alloy filled in the amorphous silicon framework.
5. The high-temperature-resistant composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the content of the amorphous silicon is 12-15 g/cm3。
6. Use of the high temperature resistant composite of claim 4 or 5 in a burner nozzle.
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