CN111290022A - Rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring - Google Patents
Rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring, which comprises the following steps of ① circling a monitoring area, arranging sensors and blast holes, ② blasting in each blast hole at different time points respectively, recording the jump-starting time of elastic waves generated by each blasting, calculating the average equivalent wave velocity of a rock mass, ③ monitoring the monitoring area through a microseism monitoring system, measuring the seismic source position and the microseism occurrence time of a microseism event generated in the monitoring area, making a seismic source position space distribution diagram, and when the seismic source position of the microseism event is gathered in one or a plurality of local areas of the monitoring area and is in strip-shaped or planar distribution, determining the corresponding local areas to have potential seepage channels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, and relates to a method for identifying potential seepage channels of a rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring.
Background
The rock comprises sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock and magmatic rock, is a naturally produced mineral or glass aggregate with stable shape, and is formed by combining according to a certain mode. The naturally produced rock is a typical porous medium, and cracks and cavities are easily formed in the rock after complex tectonic movement, weathering, corrosion, unloading and other reciprocating transformation in the long geological history process. The rock fracture network system formed after the rock fractures and cavities are widely developed enables the rock permeability to be large, the extensive existence of the fractures and the cavities can reduce the rock property, and the development of the fractures and the cavities in the rock can be accelerated after the rock fractures and the cavities are subjected to environmental stress disturbance, so that potential seepage channels of the rock can be activated, and the rock permeability is increased.
Groundwater refers to water present in rock fractures below the surface of the earth. The seepage of underground water is mainly driven by gravity, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, rock-soil medium adsorption force and the like, and seepage channels of underground water are mainly faults, joints, cracks and cavities which are widely developed in rocks. In the process of underground rock tunnel excavation, the original rock stress relief can possibly cause the activation of the geological structure in the rock mass, and further provides a channel for underground water seepage. In addition, the underground tunnel excavation enables the water-proof bottom plate or the water-proof top plate to be thin, and the water-proof layer develops a large number of micro cracks and is communicated after the stress of the water-proof layer is relieved, so that a seepage channel is provided for the pressure underground water in the rock mass. Therefore, in the excavation process of the rock tunnel, the activation of the geological structure in the rock body and the development of the fracture of the water-resisting layer caused by stress relief are key factors for determining the seepage of underground water. Therefore, accurate identification of cracks and cavities in the rock can provide important identification basis for seepage channels of underground water.
At present, aiming at a tunnel excavation underground water seepage channel, the engineering can only identify and judge through early geological exploration and advanced geological drilling during excavation. The large seepage channels such as faults and joints can be well detected by geological drilling in advance in the early stage of geological exploration and excavation, but the large seepage channels cannot be well identified for small faults and other hidden seepage channels, and particularly the potential seepage channels formed by the through of micro cracks caused by tunnel excavation are difficult to identify. The potential seepage channel formed by detecting the initiation and development of tiny cracks caused by the excavation of the underground rock tunnel is one of the keys of the safety construction of the underground engineering. Based on the technical current situation, a method for identifying potential seepage channels of the rock tunnel needs to be developed so as to better guide the construction of the rock tunnel and improve the construction safety of underground engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseismic monitoring so as to more accurately and effectively identify potential seepage channels in the rock tunnel excavation process and further better guide and guarantee the construction safety of the rock tunnel.
The invention provides a rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseismic monitoring, which comprises the following steps:
① circling rock mass in the rock tunnel region to be identified by potential seepage channels as a monitoring region, installing sensors of a micro-seismic monitoring system on the side wall behind the tunnel excavation face of the monitoring region, wherein the number of the sensors is at least 4, the different surfaces of each sensor are installed at different elevations, connecting each sensor with an acquisition instrument of the micro-seismic monitoring system, then connecting the acquisition instrument with a host part of the micro-seismic monitoring system, establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, measuring the coordinates of each sensor, and recording the coordinates of the ith sensor as (x) coordinatesi,yi,zi) (ii) a At least 1 blast hole is arranged on a rock body in the tunnel, the coordinates of the center of the bottom of each blast hole are measured, and the coordinate of the center of the bottom of the jth blast hole is recorded as (X)j,Yj,Zj)；
② setting explosives at the bottom of each hole, blasting in each hole at different time points, recording the start time of elastic wave generated by each blasting by a sensor, and recording the blasting time of the jth hole as tjAnd recording the take-off moment of the elastic wave generated by the explosion received by the ith sensor after the jth explosion hole is exploded as tji；
The following equations (1-1) to (1-i) are listed according to the two-point distance formula, where i in 1-i refers to the total number of sensors, for each blast hole, based on the distance between the jth blast hole and each sensor, and the relationship between speed and time:
…
respectively replacing the coordinates of the 1 st, 2 nd, … th, j th blast holes, the corresponding blasting time of the blast holes and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by the blast received by the ith sensor after the corresponding blast holes are blasted with one of the equations (1-1) - (1-i), respectively solving the equivalent wave velocity of the rock mass, and recording the equivalent wave velocity as v1,v2,…,vjThen calculating the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass,
③, monitoring the monitoring area through a microseismic monitoring system, measuring the position of the seismic source of the microseismic event generated in the monitoring area and the occurrence time of the microseismic event, counting the position of the seismic source of the microseismic event generated in the monitoring area in real time and marking the position of the seismic source in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system to obtain a spatial distribution map of the position of the seismic source, wherein when the position of the seismic source of the microseismic event is gathered in a certain or some local areas of the monitoring area and is in strip-shaped or planar distribution, a potential seepage channel exists in the corresponding local area;
the method for measuring the seismic source position and the microseismic occurrence time of the microseismic event generated in the monitoring area comprises the following steps:
let the coordinates of the source of the microseismic event be (X)k，Yk，Zk) The time of occurrence of the microseisms is tkDefinition of tkiThe following equations (2-1) to (2-i) are listed for the takeoff moment of the elastic wave generated by the ith sensor receiving the microseismic event according to the distance between the seismic source of the microseismic event and each sensor and the relation between the speed and the time according to a two-point distance formula, wherein i in 2-i refers to the total number of the sensors:
…
at least 4 equations in the joint type (2-1) - (2-i) are substituted into the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass, the coordinates of each sensor and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by each sensor after receiving the microseismic event, and then the coordinates (X) of the seismic source of the microseismic event can be solvedk，Yk，Zk) And the time t of occurrence of microseismsk。
In the technical scheme of the method for identifying the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel based on the microseismic monitoring, the microseismic monitoring system can adopt an ESG (electronic service guide) microseismic monitoring system and can also adopt other microseismic monitoring systems.
In the technical scheme of the method for identifying the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel based on the microseismic monitoring, 1 blast hole is arranged, and the equivalent wave velocity of the rock can be measured and calculated by blasting once, so that the accuracy of calculating the equivalent wave velocity of the rock is improved, more than one blast hole is preferably adopted, and more preferably, the number of the blast holes is 2-5.
In the technical scheme of the method for identifying the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel based on the microseismic monitoring, construction is stopped during blasting so as not to interfere acquisition of an elastic wave signal generated by blasting by a sensor, and normal construction is resumed after acquisition of the elastic wave signal generated by blasting is completed.
The rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring provided by the invention utilizes a microseism monitoring technology to obtain the aggregation condition of the seismic source position of a seismic event in a microseism monitoring area, and judges the development condition of a microseism in a rock body in the monitoring area according to the aggregation condition of the seismic source position of the microseism event: if the positions of the seismic sources are gathered in one or some local areas of the monitoring area, the cracks in the local areas are widely developed; when the positions of the seismic sources are gathered in one or some local areas of the monitoring area and are distributed in a strip shape or a planar shape, the cracks in the corresponding local areas are shown to be developed in a strip shape or a planar shape, namely, potential seepage channels exist in the corresponding local areas, if the local areas exist in underground water, or if water cavities exist in the local areas, the cracks which are widely developed can be used as potential seepage channels of the underground water, the local areas are potential unstable areas, and measures need to be taken to protect the potential unstable areas in time in the construction process so as to guarantee construction safety.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for identifying the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel based on the microseism monitoring obtains the aggregation condition of the seismic source position of a microseism event by using the microseism monitoring technology, judges the development condition of the microcracks in the rock mass of a monitoring area according to the aggregation condition of the seismic source position, and further identifies the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel. Compared with the existing geological detection, the method has advanced prediction and convenience, can accurately and effectively identify the potential seepage channel, and can better guide and guarantee the construction safety of the rock tunnel.
2. The method provided by the invention is a nondestructive monitoring method in a space range, and particularly can monitor rock fracture caused by construction disturbance in the tunnel construction process and can reveal a potential rock seepage channel formed by penetration of micro-cracks in a rock body in real time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a network topology diagram of an ESG microseismic monitoring system in an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of sensors and blast holes in a monitoring area of an embodiment, wherein 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6 are sensors, and 2-1, 2-2 are blast holes.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of obtaining a spatial distribution of source locations in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The method for identifying a potential seepage channel of a rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring is further described by the following specific embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention with some insubstantial modifications and adaptations according to the above disclosure.
Example 1
The embodiment specifically describes a rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseismic monitoring by taking a certain large hydropower station tailgating traffic hole as an example.
The microseismic monitoring system adopted in the embodiment is an ESG microseismic monitoring system (ESG company in canada), and the ESG microseismic monitoring system mainly comprises an acceleration sensor, a Paladin digital signal acquisition system (namely an acquisition instrument) and a Hyperion digital signal processing system (namely a host part of the ESG microseismic monitoring system). Fig. 1 shows a network topology diagram of the ESG microseismic monitoring system, each acceleration sensor is connected with a Paladin digital signal acquisition system through a cable, the Paladin digital signal acquisition system is connected with a Hyperion digital signal processing system through a network cable, and the Hyperion digital signal processing system is connected with a server through a network cable and then connected with a computer at a double-river-mouth camp center through a wireless transmission mode. The sensitivity of the sensor is 30V/g, the frequency response range is 50 Hz-5 kHz, the sampling frequency of the Paladin digital signal acquisition system is 20kHz, the sensor converts received stress waves into electric signals, and the electric signals are converted into digital signals through the Paladin digital signal acquisition system and then stored in the Hyperion digital signal processing system. In this embodiment, the take-off time of the elastic wave acquired by the sensor is the take-off time of the P wave.
The specific steps of this example are as follows:
① As shown in figure 2, the area around 120m behind the tunnel excavation face of the large hydropower station tail traffic tunnel is defined as a monitoring area, the sensors of the ESG micro-seismic monitoring system are installed on the side wall behind the tunnel excavation face of the monitoring area, the number of the sensors is 6, the sensors are respectively installed in rock masses on three sections 30m, 70m and 110m behind the tunnel excavation face, 2 sensors are installed on each section, the heights of the sensors are different and form a spatial mesh structure respectively, the arrangement of the sensors avoids that any three sensors are located on the same straight line and any four sensors are located on the same plane, the sensors are connected with the acquisition instrument of the micro-seismic monitoring system, and then the acquisition instrument is connected with the host part of the micro-seismic monitoring system.
Selecting a coordinate origin of a certain point in the tailgating traffic hole, establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, measuring the coordinates of each sensor, and recording the coordinates of the ith sensor as (x)i,yi,zi) I is 1,2,3,4,5, 6; setting 2 blast holes on the rock mass in the tunnel, measuring the coordinates of the hole bottom center of each blast hole, and recording the coordinates of the hole bottom center of the jth blast hole as (X)j,Yj,Zj) J is 1, 2. The sensors are numbered 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, and the numbers correspond to the 1 st, 2 nd, …, and 6 th sensors, respectively. The distribution of each blast hole is numbered as 2-1 and 2-2, eachThe numbers correspond to the 1 st and 2 nd blastholes, respectively. The coordinates of each sensor, and the center of the bottom of each blast hole were measured and recorded in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 coordinates of the sensors
| Sensor numbering | x(m) | y(m) | z(m) |
| 1-1 | 7.00 | 240.00 | 1.80 |
| 1-2 | 7.20 | 200.00 | 1.20 |
| 1-3 | 6.90 | 160.00 | 1.70 |
| 1-4 | -7.20 | 240.00 | 2.00 |
| 1-5 | -7.10 | 200.00 | 1.20 |
| 1-6 | -7.05 | 160.00 | 1.50 |
TABLE 2 coordinates of the center of each blast hole bottom
| Blast hole numbering | X(m) | Y(m) | Z(m) |
| 2-1 | -3.00 | 92.35 | 0.58 |
| 2-2 | 4.50 | 92.35 | 4.23 |
② mounting emulsion explosive at the bottom of each blast hole, connecting detonating cord and high-voltage electrostatic initiator, and sealing the hole opening of each blast hole with loose soil particles to reduce energy loss during blastingThe interval between the secondary blasting is 10 hours, the sensor records the jump moment of the elastic wave generated by each blasting, and the blasting moment of the jth blast hole is marked as tjAnd recording the take-off moment of the elastic wave generated by the explosion received by the ith sensor after the jth explosion hole is exploded as tji(ii) a And stopping construction during blasting so as to avoid interfering the acquisition of the elastic wave signals generated by the blasting by the sensor, and recovering normal construction after the acquisition of the elastic wave signals generated by the blasting is finished.
The equation (1-1) is set forth according to the two-point distance formula for each blast hole according to the distance between the jth blast hole and each sensor, and the relationship between speed and time:
respectively substituting the coordinates of the 1 st blast hole and the 2 nd blast hole, the corresponding blasting time of the blast hole blasting and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by the blast received by the ith sensor after the corresponding blast hole blasting into the formula (1-1), and respectively solving the equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass1＝4028m/s，v24034m/s, and then calculating the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass,
③ during the construction of the whole hydropower station tail traffic hole, the ESG micro-seismic monitoring system is used to monitor the monitoring area, and the seismic source position and the micro-seismic occurrence time of the micro-seismic event generated in the monitoring area are measured, the method for measuring the seismic source position and the micro-seismic occurrence time of the micro-seismic event generated in the monitoring area is as follows:
let the coordinates of the source of the microseismic event be (X)k，Yk，Zk) The time of occurrence of the microseisms is tkDefinition of tkiFor the takeoff moment of the elastic wave generated by the ith sensor receiving the microseismic event, the following 6 equations are listed according to the two-point distance formula according to the distance between the seismic source of the microseismic event and each sensor and the relationship between the speed and the time:
combining the above 6 equations, substituting the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass, the coordinates of each sensor, and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by each sensor when receiving the microseismic event, and solving the coordinates (X) of the seismic source of the microseismic eventk，Yk，Zk) And the time t of occurrence of microseismsk。
During microseismic monitoring, the seismic source position of a microseismic event occurring in a monitoring area is counted in real time and is marked in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system to obtain a seismic source position space distribution map, judgment is carried out by combining the distribution condition of the seismic source position in the seismic source position space distribution map, and when the seismic source position of the microseismic event gathers in a certain or some local areas of the monitoring area and presents strip-shaped or planar distribution, a potential seepage channel exists in the corresponding local area; if the seismic source positions of the microseismic events are discretely distributed in one or some local areas of the monitoring area and the aggregation phenomenon does not occur, it is indicated that no structural surface such as a control fault is found in the corresponding local area, namely no potential seepage channel exists in the corresponding local area.
In the monitoring process of the present embodiment, after 23 days of monitoring, 120 microseismic events occur altogether, the spatial distribution diagram of the source position is shown in fig. 3, and a case that the source position in which the microseismic event occurs is gathered and distributed in a stripe shape in a certain local area (the local area outlined by a dashed line in fig. 3) of the monitoring area in fig. 3 indicates that a potential seepage channel exists in the local area. And prompting that protective measures, such as concrete grouting and other measures, should be taken for the local area to ensure the construction safety of the rock tunnel in the rock tunnel construction process.
Claims (3)
1. A rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
① circling rock mass in the rock tunnel region to be identified by potential seepage channels as a monitoring region, installing sensors of a micro-seismic monitoring system on the side wall behind the tunnel excavation face of the monitoring region, wherein the number of the sensors is at least 4, the different surfaces of each sensor are installed at different elevations, connecting each sensor with an acquisition instrument of the micro-seismic monitoring system, then connecting the acquisition instrument with a host part of the micro-seismic monitoring system, establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system, measuring the coordinates of each sensor, and recording the coordinates of the ith sensor as (x) coordinatesi,yi,zi) (ii) a At least 1 blast hole is arranged on a rock body in the tunnel, the coordinates of the center of the bottom of each blast hole are measured, and the coordinate of the center of the bottom of the jth blast hole is recorded as (X)j,Yj,Zj)；
② setting explosives at the bottom of each hole, blasting in each hole at different time points, recording the start time of elastic wave generated by each blasting by a sensor, and recording the blasting time of the jth hole as tjAnd recording the take-off moment of the elastic wave generated by the explosion received by the ith sensor after the jth explosion hole is exploded as tji；
The following equations (1-1) to (1-i) are listed, for each blast hole, according to the two-point distance formula, based on the distance between the jth blast hole and each sensor, and the relationship between the speed and the time:
…
respectively replacing the coordinates of the 1 st, 2 nd, … th, j th blast holes, the corresponding blasting time of the blast holes and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by the blast received by the ith sensor after the corresponding blast holes are blasted with one of the equations (1-1) - (1-i), respectively solving the equivalent wave velocity of the rock mass, and recording the equivalent wave velocity as v1,v2,…,vjThen calculating the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass,
③, monitoring the monitoring area through a microseismic monitoring system, measuring the seismic source position and the microseismic occurrence time of a microseismic event generated in the monitoring area, counting the seismic source position of the microseismic event generated in the monitoring area in real time and marking the seismic source position in a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system to obtain a seismic source position space distribution map, wherein when the seismic source position of the microseismic event is gathered in a certain or certain local area of the monitoring area and is distributed in a strip shape or a surface shape, a potential seepage channel exists in the corresponding local area;
the method for measuring the seismic source position and the microseismic occurrence time of the microseismic event generated in the monitoring area comprises the following steps:
let the coordinates of the source of the microseismic event be (X)k，Yk，Zk) The time of occurrence of the microseisms is tkDefinition of tkiIs the ith
The method comprises the following steps that at the take-off moment when each sensor receives elastic waves generated by a microseismic event, the following equations (2-1) to (2-i) are listed according to a two-point distance formula according to the distance between a seismic source of the microseismic event and each sensor and the relation between the speed and the time:
…
at least 4 equations in the joint type (2-1) - (2-i) are substituted into the average equivalent wave velocity v of the rock mass, the coordinates of each sensor and the value of the take-off time of the elastic wave generated by each sensor after receiving the microseismic event, and then the coordinates (X) of the seismic source of the microseismic event can be solvedk，Yk，Zk) And the time t of occurrence of microseismsk。
2. The method for identifying potential seepage channels of a rock tunnel based on microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microseismic monitoring system is an ESG microseismic monitoring system.
3. The method for identifying the potential seepage channel of the rock tunnel based on the microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the blast holes is 2-5.
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| CN113820743A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Microseismic positioning method |
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| 徐奴文等: "锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡微震监测***及其工程应用", 《岩石力学与工程学报》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112130204A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-25 | 武汉大学 | On-site testing method suitable for wave velocity of surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnel |
| CN112130204B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-03-04 | 武汉大学 | On-site testing method suitable for wave velocity of surrounding rock of deep-buried tunnel |
| CN113820743A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Microseismic positioning method |
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