CN111289982A - Radar induction type rainfall measurement device and method - Google Patents
Radar induction type rainfall measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111289982A CN111289982A CN202010202814.9A CN202010202814A CN111289982A CN 111289982 A CN111289982 A CN 111289982A CN 202010202814 A CN202010202814 A CN 202010202814A CN 111289982 A CN111289982 A CN 111289982A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a radar induction type rainfall measurement device and a method, wherein the device comprises a signal processor, a drainage cover, a radiator and a wave-absorbing material; the radiator is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, and the beam direction of the radiator is vertical upwards; the wave-absorbing material wraps the radiator, a radiation hole is formed in the vertical direction, and electromagnetic waves can pass through the radiation hole; the drainage cover covers the radiation hole, and the drainage cover can pass through a medium of electromagnetic waves; and the signal processor is used for filtering amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and Fourier transform to obtain the falling object speed, size and intensity. The application also includes methods of making measurements with the devices. The scheme of this application simple structure, the installation of being convenient for, strong adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of radars, in particular to a radar induction type rainfall measurement device and method.
Background
Many industries require the detection of rainfall intensity and cumulative total. For example, in the railway industry, the rainfall of the environment of the railway roadbed needs to be known so as to take measures in the places with higher rainfall intensity in an early stage. In addition, if the transmission line needs to be detected along the line, other industries such as environment detection departments, mobile communication and the like, forestry, homeland resources and the like also exist. Some requirements on the measurement of rainfall are very accurate, and the precision needs to reach 1 percent, such as a meteorological department; in addition, in many cases, the detection accuracy is not so high, but the ease of installation and the maintainability are extremely high. For example, along a railway, their mass testing equipment needs to be installed on a power supply bracket, the train runs with strong vibration, and the railway runs through mountain hubbes in China, and many places are difficult to maintain.
The most prevalent total volume test equipment at present is also of mechanical construction, i.e. graduated cylinders and tipping buckets. The graduated cylinder needs artifical weighing, and the tipping bucket formula can realize not having artifical on duty. However, the tipping bucket is easily covered and blocked by sundries such as fallen leaves and the like, namely the tipping bucket cannot be unattended for a long time, and in addition, the tipping bucket type is often large in size, has high requirements on installation and is very sensitive to vibration. At present, a radar mode and a piezoelectric ceramic induction mode exist, the price is generally high, and the precision is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a radar induction type rainfall measurement device and method, which are used for solving the problems of complex installation and high labor cost caused by manual maintenance and manual watching.
The embodiment of the application provides a radar induction type rainfall measurement device, which comprises a signal processor, a drainage cover, a radiating body and a wave-absorbing material. The radiator is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, and the beam direction of the radiator is vertical upwards. The wave-absorbing material wraps the radiator, a radiation hole is formed in the vertical direction, and electromagnetic waves can pass through the radiation hole. The drainage cover covers the radiation hole, and the drainage cover is a medium capable of passing electromagnetic waves. And the signal processor is used for filtering amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and Fourier transform to obtain the falling object speed, size and intensity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the radar-sensing rainfall measurement device further comprises a calibration circuit. The calibration circuit is used for signal frequency calibration and amplitude calibration after Fourier transform and carries out calibration according to input coefficients.
Preferably, the radiator is a microstrip antenna. Further preferably, the radiator is an integrated structure of a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array.
Preferably, the electromagnetic band emitted by the radiator is centimeter wave.
In another embodiment, the radar-sensing rainfall measurement device further comprises a current collector covering the radiation hole; the nanofluid device comprises a nanofluidification hole located directly above the radiation hole.
Another embodiment of the present application further provides a radar sensing type rainfall measurement method, and the device according to any one of the embodiments of the present application includes the following steps:
measuring Doppler frequency shift signals in a vertical direction;
performing Fourier transform on the Doppler frequency shift signal to obtain a frequency domain signal;
calibrating the frequency domain signal frequency and amplitude;
and calculating the speed and the size of the falling object and calculating the intensity and the total amount according to the calibrated signals.
Preferably, the frequency calibration and amplitude calibration comprise: using standard equipment to measure a falling frequency of f0 and an amplitude of A0; the same measurement results in a frequency of f1 and an amplitude of A1, the frequency domain signal is calibrated by multiplying it by a factor of f0A0/f1A 1.
In an embodiment of the present application, preferably, the raindrop size is obtained according to a statistical rule of raindrop speed and raindrop size in the atmosphere.
In another embodiment of the present application, the radar-sensing rainfall measurement method further comprises the step of calculating rainfall intensity.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects: automatic measurement is realized; the work is stable, and the influence of the outside is small; the volume is small, the maintenance is free, and the installation is simple; manual weighing and manual watching are not needed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a radar sensing rainfall measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the structure of the radiator, the drainage sheath and the wave-absorbing material;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the basic functions of a signal processor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an apparatus including a nanofluidic device;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a radar sensing rainfall measurement method;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a specific frequency calibration and amplitude calibration method;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method including calculating rainfall intensity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a radar-sensing rainfall measuring device.
The radar induction type rainfall measurement device comprises a signal processor 1, a drainage cover 2, a radiating body 3 and a wave-absorbing material 4.
The radiator is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, and the beam direction of the radiator is vertical upwards.
The radiator refers to an antenna capable of radiating or absorbing electromagnetic waves to the outside, and may be a wire antenna or a caliber antenna. Preferably, the radiator used in this embodiment is a microstrip antenna. A metal layer is attached to one surface of the thin dielectric plate to be used as a grounding plate, the other surface of the thin dielectric plate can be made into a certain required shape by an etching method, and the antenna is fed by a feeding mode such as a microstrip line or a coaxial line. The microstrip antenna can be a microstrip patch antenna, a microstrip element antenna, a microstrip traveling wave antenna or a microstrip slot antenna, and meanwhile, the microstrip antenna can be a single radiation unit or a multi-unit array.
The fact that the beam direction of the radiator is vertically upward means that the beam direction is vertical to the ground, namely, the main lobe direction of the antenna is vertical to the ground. The beam width of the radiator in the vertical direction may be in a certain range, for example, the beam width is 30 ° to 90 °. For example, the microstrip antenna used in the embodiment is a four-element array microstrip patch antenna, and the main lobe width of the radiation pattern can be made smaller.
Preferably, the radiator is an integrated structure of a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array. The integral structure, namely the radiator, can emit electromagnetic waves and can receive the electromagnetic waves. A dual body structure with separate transmit and receive antenna arrays may also be used, but is structurally complex.
Preferably, the electromagnetic band emitted by the radiator is centimeter wave. The wavelength range of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiator is 1-10cm, namely the frequency range is 3-30GHz frequency domain. Preferably, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radiator is 24 GHz.
The wave-absorbing material wraps the radiator, a radiation hole 5 is formed in the vertical direction, and electromagnetic waves can pass through the radiation hole. The wave-absorbing material can absorb electromagnetic wave radiation, and the wrapping of the radiator means that the radiator is placed in the structure with the wave-absorbing material by the wave-absorbing material, so that radiation of the radiator in the horizontal direction is reduced, and the influence of wind on rainfall measurement can be solved.
The radiation hole is positioned right above the radiator, namely the cross section of the radiation hole is vertical to the beam direction of the radiator, and more electromagnetic waves pass through the radiation hole. The radiation holes of the wave-absorbing material can further restrict the microwave emission direction.
The drainage cover covers the radiation hole, and the drainage cover is a medium capable of passing electromagnetic waves. The drainage cover is used for preventing raindrops from falling onto the radiator and isolating the raindrops from the radiator.
For example, fig. 2 is a diagram of a structure of a radiator, a drainage sheath and a wave-absorbing material. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the drainage cover covers all the wave-absorbing materials, the microwave-absorbing materials are attached to a large part of the area of the drainage cover except the area right above the antenna, and the radiation holes are located right above the radiation bodies, which is the same as the embodiment shown in fig. 1, so that the radiation of radar waves in the horizontal direction is reduced, and the influence of wind on rainfall measurement can be solved. The distance between the drainage shield and the radiator is at least 2 cm.
Fig. 3 is a basic functional block diagram of a device signal processor.
And the signal processor is used for filtering amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and Fourier transform to obtain the falling object speed, size and intensity.
The signal processing circuit is used for filtering and amplifying Doppler frequency shift signals of raindrops falling vertically, and performing analog-to-digital conversion and Fourier transform on the signals. The falling object speed, size and strength can be obtained by the digital logic circuit. By the calculated intensity (e.g., rainfall intensity), and further cumulatively calculating the total amount (e.g., rainfall).
For example, in the embodiment of fig. 3, the function of the microwave coupler is to extract part of the microwave signal to the microwave mixer, and here, a microstrip line directional coupler structure may be adopted, and a ring coupling structure may also be adopted. The microwave mixer completes the mixing of the transmitted and received signal, the output AC part is the Doppler shift component, and the filtering and amplification are to extract the signal. After ADC, digital signal processing is carried out, namely FFT conversion is carried out firstly, and then the falling object speed, the falling object size and the falling object strength are obtained by adopting a digital logic circuit.
Preferably, the signal processor further comprises a calibration circuit. The calibration circuit is used for signal frequency calibration and amplitude calibration after Fourier transform and carries out calibration according to input coefficients.
The frequency calibration and the amplitude calibration are used for correcting frequency errors and amplitude errors of the measurement data, and are calibrated according to the measurement result of the standard equipment.
For example, in the embodiment of fig. 3, the calibration module can correct errors caused by individual differences in oscillation frequency and individual differences in oscillation power of the microwave unit. The rear identification module can identify foreign body interference, or snow, or hail, or rain.
The judgment criterion of rain and snow is the Doppler frequency shift, and the falling speed can be calculated according to the Doppler frequency shift and the oscillation frequency, and the calculation formula is as follows:
landing velocity of 0.5 doppler shift of light speed/emitted microwave frequency
The falling speed of rain drops is generally 3-10 meters per second, the falling speed of snowfall is generally less than 2 meters per second, the speed of hail is mostly more than 15 meters per second, and according to the characteristic, the rain, snow and hail can be easily judged.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a radar-sensing rainfall measuring device including a nanofluidic device.
The rainfall measuring device also comprises a current collector 6. The flow receiver covers the radiation hole (preferably, covers the box body formed by the drainage cover and the wave-absorbing material), and the flow receiver comprises a flow receiving hole 7 which is positioned right above the radiation hole.
The flow receiver is used for limiting a measurement area, namely raindrops vertically can enter the flow receiver, the influence of the raindrops outside the measurement area is eliminated, and the measurement precision is improved. And raindrops enter the drainage hole after passing through the nano-flow hole and are inductively measured by the radiator. Further, the area of the nano-flow holes can be adjusted, for example, a variable aperture cover plate structure is included.
It should be noted that the nanofluid device may comprise, consist of, or comprise a medium, a metal, or a wave-absorbing material, or a combination of at least 2 of the above materials. When the nano-flow device contains a medium material, the influence of the wind direction on the measurement can be eliminated in the near-field range; when the nanofluid device contains metal, the influence of falling objects outside the space on the measurement can be shielded; when the inner surface of the flow receiver contains wave-absorbing materials, the influence of background noise can be further reduced.
Further, the current collector is fixedly connected or detachably connected with the drainage cover; the trap bottom or foot has a drain hole (not shown) for draining precipitation.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a radar sensing rainfall measurement method.
The embodiment of the application also provides a radar induction type rainfall measurement method, which comprises the following steps:
and step 10, measuring the Doppler frequency shift signal in the vertical direction.
The doppler shift refers to a change in phase and frequency due to a propagation path difference. For example, with a continuous wave radar, the receiving side can acquire doppler shift information.
The velocity during the raindrop descent approaches a fixed value, i.e., the tail velocity. And measuring by using a radiator to obtain a Doppler frequency shift signal of the raindrop falling vertically.
And 11, performing Fourier transform on the Doppler frequency shift signal to obtain a frequency domain signal.
For example, by identifying the frequency and amplitude of the information, when the device captures the reflected wave of a single raindrop, the size and falling speed of the single raindrop can be calculated, and when the total effect of a plurality of raindrops is further measured, normalized rainfall intensity and accumulated total amount of falling can be obtained.
And step 12, calibrating the frequency and the amplitude of the frequency domain signal.
The frequency and amplitude calibration refers to calibrating individual differences in oscillation frequency and individual differences in oscillation power.
And step 13, calculating the speed and the size of the falling object according to the calibrated signal, and calculating the intensity and the total amount.
And calculating the vertical speed in the raindrop falling process according to the frequency change of the calibrated Doppler frequency shift signal. And calculating the size of raindrops according to the amplitude change of the calibrated Doppler frequency shift signal, and further calculating the intensity and the total amount.
For example, the size and falling speed of a single raindrop are calculated, and further the normalized rainfall intensity and the accumulated total amount of falling are obtained.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for measuring rainfall with specific frequency calibration and amplitude calibration.
The frequency calibration and amplitude calibration include: the drop frequency was f0 and the amplitude was A0 as measured using standard equipment. The same measurement results in a frequency of f1 and an amplitude of A1, the frequency domain signal is calibrated by multiplying it by a factor of f0A0/f1A 1.
The same measurement refers to the measurement under the same condition, namely the measured objects are the same object, and the falling speed is the same speed.
For example, if the individual consistency calibration is performed using a fixed velocity object and the measured frequency is f0, the FFT-ed frequency labels of the device are multiplied by a factor f 0/f. And (4) carrying out individual consistency calibration by using a fixed-speed object, and if the measured amplitude is A and the test result of the standard equipment is A0, multiplying the FFT amplitude of the equipment by a coefficient A0/A.
The method can also obtain the raindrop size according to the raindrop speed and raindrop size statistical rule in the atmosphere. When the raindrop size is fixed, the speed is stable after reaching a certain value in the raindrop landing process, the speed is tail speed, and the raindrop speed and the raindrop size in the atmosphere have statistical rules.
For example, when identifying the size of a raindrop, the raindrop falling speed (no matter 1 raindrop or a plurality of raindrops) can be calculated according to the doppler shift, and then the raindrop size can be calculated according to the relation between the size of the raindrop in the atmosphere and the tail speed.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of measuring rainfall including calculating rainfall intensity.
The radar induction type rainfall measurement method further comprises the step of calculating rainfall intensity, wherein the rainfall intensity is represented as:
wherein, A represents the amplitude of the signal, f represents the frequency of the signal, K is a calibration coefficient, and N is the number of points of the signal.
When the rainfall intensity is large, a single rainfall cannot be identified, the rainfall intensity is estimated by adopting the concept of average flow velocity, the average flow velocity is in direct proportion to frequency shift and in direct proportion to the square of amplitude, different Doppler frequency shifts are also generated by considering that raindrops with different sizes exist in the rainfall, and the total effect of the rainfall is reflected by adopting the formula.
Note that a represents the amplitude of the calibrated signal, and f represents the frequency of the calibrated signal. K is determined by testing, and N is the number of points of FFT.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A radar induction type rainfall measurement device is characterized by comprising a signal processor, a drainage cover, a radiating body and a wave-absorbing material;
the radiator is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves, and the beam direction of the radiator is vertical upwards;
the wave-absorbing material wraps the radiator, a radiation hole is formed in the vertical direction, and electromagnetic waves can pass through the radiation hole;
the drainage cover covers the radiation hole, and the drainage cover is a medium capable of passing electromagnetic waves;
and the signal processor is used for filtering amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and Fourier transform to obtain the falling object speed, size and intensity.
2. The rainfall measuring device of claim 1, further comprising a calibration circuit; the calibration circuit is used for signal frequency calibration and amplitude calibration after Fourier transform and carries out calibration according to input coefficients.
3. The rainfall measurement device of claim 1, wherein the radiator is a microstrip antenna.
4. The rainfall measurement device of claim 1, wherein the radiator is a unitary structure of a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array.
5. The rainfall device of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic band emitted by the radiator is centimeter waves.
6. The rainfall measuring device of claim 1, further comprising a current collector overlying the radiation aperture; the nanofluid device comprises a nanofluidification hole located directly above the radiation hole.
7. A radar-sensing rainfall measuring method, using the device of any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
measuring Doppler frequency shift signals in a vertical direction;
performing Fourier transform on the Doppler frequency shift signal to obtain a frequency domain signal;
calibrating the frequency domain signal frequency and amplitude;
and calculating the speed, the size, the intensity and the total amount of the falling object according to the calibrated signal.
8. The method of measuring rainfall in accordance with claim 7 wherein the frequency calibration and amplitude calibration comprises: using standard equipment to measure a falling frequency of f0 and an amplitude of A0; the same measurement results in a frequency of f1 and an amplitude of A1, the frequency domain signal is calibrated by multiplying it by a factor of f0A0/f1A 1.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the raindrop size is obtained according to a statistical rule of raindrop speed and raindrop size in the atmosphere.
10. The method of measuring rainfall in accordance with claim 7, further comprising the step of calculating the intensity of rainfall:
the intensity of rainfall is expressed as
Wherein, A represents the amplitude of the signal, f represents the frequency of the signal, K is a calibration coefficient, and N is the number of points of the signal.
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| CN202010202814.9A CN111289982A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Radar induction type rainfall measurement device and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111650572A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-11 | 浪潮云信息技术股份公司 | Method and system for reducing short-time rainfall estimation deviation |
| CN114019586A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-08 | 刘天健 | Rainfall detection method based on base station and base station |
-
2020
- 2020-03-20 CN CN202010202814.9A patent/CN111289982A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111650572A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-11 | 浪潮云信息技术股份公司 | Method and system for reducing short-time rainfall estimation deviation |
| CN111650572B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-02-24 | 浪潮云信息技术股份公司 | Method and system for reducing short-time precipitation estimation deviation |
| CN114019586A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-02-08 | 刘天健 | Rainfall detection method based on base station and base station |
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