CN111288922B - On-machine measurement method for wheel and tread profile of railway vehicle - Google Patents

On-machine measurement method for wheel and tread profile of railway vehicle Download PDF

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CN111288922B
CN111288922B CN202010248513.XA CN202010248513A CN111288922B CN 111288922 B CN111288922 B CN 111288922B CN 202010248513 A CN202010248513 A CN 202010248513A CN 111288922 B CN111288922 B CN 111288922B
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wheel
measuring
tread
laser displacement
measurement
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CN111288922A (en
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刘飞
梁霖
徐光华
刘弹
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/2408—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring roundness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

A rail vehicle wheel and tread profile on-machine measuring method adopts a distributed measurement modular structure, and is spliced in parallel according to a data interface rule, each distributed measurement module comprises two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors axially move simultaneously through a movement shaft, measurement is realized by using a Z-axis position signal or adding a pair Z-axis form on a machine tool, and measurement is realized by directly using an X-axis on a measuring machine; the on-machine measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the radial profile of the wheel and the axial profile of the wheel tread; the invention simplifies the measuring structure, improves the measuring precision, and effectively improves the measuring precision and the working efficiency.

Description

On-machine measurement method for wheel and tread profile of railway vehicle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail vehicle wheel measurement, and particularly relates to an on-machine measurement method for a rail vehicle wheel and a tread profile.
Background
The wheels of the railway vehicle are used as key parts of the walking part and play a vital role in influencing the running stability of the vehicle. During the operation process, the wheel and the tread profile can deform due to uneven wear of the wheel, and the deformation is commonly existed in subways, light rails, ordinary and high-speed train vehicles. The deformation of the wheel and tread profile not only promotes the vehicle vibration aggravation and the increase of the running noise, but also increases the wheel-rail mutual impact to cause the serious damage to the rail and the vehicle parts, thereby forming a serious threat to the safe operation of the vehicle. At present, the recovery of the geometric profile of the wheel and the tread profile is mainly guaranteed by a turning process, so the measurement of the profile of the wheel and the tread profile is the key for guaranteeing the accurate recovery of the profile of the wheel. The prior measuring equipment for the contour and the appearance of the wheel and the tread mainly takes an off-line and portable measuring instrument, is inconvenient to operate and low in measuring efficiency, and in addition, the measuring precision is difficult to improve due to the non-uniformity of measuring reference.
Aiming at the on-machine measurement requirements of wheel set on-line turning and wheel tread appearance, the integration of wheel set processing and measuring machines is required to be realized by combining the processing modes of special equipment such as wheel set processing machines (wheel drop processing centers and wheel non-wheel drop processing machines), wheel set measuring machines (on-track measuring machines and wheel shape measuring centers), and the like, and the key of the integration measurement lies in the combination of a measuring scheme and measuring equipment, and the optimization of a measuring structure and a measuring mode is the basis for realizing on-machine measurement of wheel shapes, and simultaneously, the measurement accuracy and precision of wheel and tread outlines can also be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an on-machine measuring method for the wheel and tread profile of a railway vehicle, which can realize the measurement of the axial profile and the radial profile of a single wheel by using a double laser displacement sensor; the measuring structure is simplified, the measuring precision is improved, and the measuring precision and the working efficiency are effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a rail vehicle wheel and tread profile on-machine measuring method adopts a distributed measurement modular structure, and is spliced in parallel according to a data interface rule, each distributed measurement module comprises two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors axially move simultaneously through a movement shaft, measurement is realized by using a Z-axis position signal or adding a pair Z-axis form on a machine tool, and measurement is realized by directly using an X-axis on a measuring machine;
the on-machine measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the radial profile of the wheel and the axial profile of the wheel tread;
the measurement of the wheel radial profile comprises the following steps:
the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 form a single wheel measuring unit, wherein the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor S1 is consistent with the vertical central line of the wheel to be measured, the linear distance between the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 is fixed to be L, the displacement measuring difference between the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 is d2-d1, and the radial radius of the obtained wheel is as follows:
Figure BDA0002434677800000021
when the wheel rotates, i measuring points are collected on one circle of the wheel, and the radial offset R of the wheel is obtainediRotating the wheel by a set angle to obtain a function R related to the radial movement of the wheeljThe expression is as follows:
Rj＝Rj(θj)
then to the wheel radial direction RiOr RjAnd performing noise elimination and smooth filtering processing, and outputting data to perform out-of-roundness and noise intensity evaluation analysis on the radial profile of the contact line of the wheel tread.
The measurement of the wheel axial tread profile comprises the following steps:
two laser displacement sensors measure the tread profile of the wheel along a Z-direction guide rail, two position signals are required for measuring the axial tread profile of the wheel, and one position signal is derived from an output signal d of the laser displacement sensor S1iWherein i is the number of sampling points; the other position signal is derived from the signal output by the Z-direction guide rail linear grating and is ei，0≤eiH is less than or equal to H; measuring point coordinate Q of tread and rim contour formed by two groups of position signalsi(ei，hi)；
The tread contact line is taken as the origin of coordinates, the measured data is preprocessed, then the equivalent taper of the tread is calculated according to the Kingel formula,
Figure BDA0002434677800000031
in the formula, lambda is the wavelength of the motion trail of the wheel set; e is the distance between the contact spots of the left wheel track and the right wheel track, namely the span; r0The rolling circle radius of the wheel when the wheel set is in the centering position; gamma rayeThe angle of the taper of the wheel tread is; tan gammaeThe equivalent taper of the wheel tread;
and meanwhile, calculating a QR value of the wheel rim by using the converted data, obtaining the deviation of the measured profile and the standard profile, and obtaining the abrasion loss of the wheel rim.
Two laser displacement sensors of the dispersion measurement module are arranged on a sensor support, and the sensor support is axially connected with a Z-axis of the machine tool or independently forms a measurement shaft.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes measurement by using two laser displacement sensors for a single wheel, and has the advantages of simple and reliable measurement structure and high measurement precision;
2. the invention can obtain the axial profile signal of the whole circumference of the wheel through the wheel rotation measurement, and the measurement method can be directly applied to machine tools, wheel shape measuring machines and other on-line equipment under the requirement of physical space;
3. the method can be used for measuring the wheel morphology of the rail vehicle and can also be used for evaluating the performance of the wheel morphology of the vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dispersion measurement module of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention measuring the radial profile of a wheel.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention measuring the wheel axial tread profile.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The invention will be described with particular reference to a non-drop wheelset turning machine. Each wheel is measured by two laser displacement sensors, the radial profile of the wheel is obtained, the structural realization difficulty of the measuring device on a machine tool can be effectively reduced, and the measuring precision and the machining efficiency of the machine tool are improved.
A rail vehicle wheel and tread profile on-machine measuring method adopts a distributed measuring modular structure, and is spliced in parallel according to a data interface rule, so that the complexity of multi-unit measurement is reduced, and the expansion is facilitated; each dispersion measurement module comprises two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors axially move simultaneously through a movement shaft, measurement is realized on a machine tool by using a Z-axis position signal or adding a pair of Z-axis modes, and measurement is realized on a measuring machine by directly using an X axis; because the signal acquisition is realized by the rotation of the wheels, the measurement requirement on the machine in the prior art is met;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the two laser displacement sensors of the present embodiment are mounted on a sensor support, and the sensor support may be axially coupled with the machine tool Z or may separately form a measuring axis. The measurement resolution of the selected laser displacement sensor is lower than the measurement precision specified by UIC-519 standard, the resolution of the Z-axis moving linear grating ruler is also lower than the precision required by the axial tread profile measurement, the installation position of the laser displacement sensor S1 is located at the lowest point of the arc of the wheel to be measured, and the installation position of the laser displacement sensor S2 is located at the same level as the installation position of the laser displacement sensor S1 and is separated from each other by a certain distance; according to practical application, the resolution of the laser displacement sensor is 5 μm, the frequency response is 500Hz, the linearity is less than 0.05%, and the highest sampling frequency of data is 2 kHz.
The on-machine measurement method for the wheel and tread profile of the railway vehicle comprises the following steps of;
1) installing a laser displacement sensor on the sensor support, and calibrating the position of the sensor;
2) carrying out position calibration on the laser displacement sensor, and determining a sensor position coefficient;
3) adjusting the measuring position to ensure that the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor is positioned at the lowest point of the measured circular arc of the wheel;
4) the controller and the signal acquisition system are connected;
5) the controller drives the sensor bracket to move, and the laser displacement sensor is moved to the position of a contact line of the tread of the wheel to carry out contour measurement;
6) as shown in fig. 2, the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 form a single wheel measuring unit, wherein the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor S1 is consistent with the vertical center line of the wheel to be measured, the linear distance between the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 is fixed to be L, the displacement measurement difference between the two is d2-d1, and the radial radius of the wheel is obtained as:
Figure BDA0002434677800000051
when the wheel rotates, i measuring points are collected on one circle of the wheel, and the radial offset R of the wheel is obtainediRotating the wheel by a set angle to obtain a function R related to the radial movement of the wheeljThe expression is as follows:
Rj＝Rj(θj)
then to the wheel radial direction RiOr RjNoise elimination and smooth filtering processing are carried out, and the output data carries out-of-roundness and noise intensity evaluation analysis on the radial contour of the contact line of the wheel tread;
7) as shown in figure 3, the laser sensor takes a tread contact line as a zero point, the laser displacement sensor measures the tread profile of the wheel along a Z-direction guide rail, two position signals are required for measuring the axial tread profile of the wheel, and one position signal is derived from an output signal d of the laser displacement sensor S1iWherein i is the number of sampling points; the other position signal is derived from the signal output by the Z-direction guide rail linear grating and is ei，0≤eiH is less than or equal to H; measuring point coordinate Q of tread and rim contour formed by two groups of position signalsi(ei，hi)；
The tread contact line is taken as the origin of coordinates, the measured data is preprocessed, then the equivalent taper of the tread is calculated according to the Kingel formula,
Figure BDA0002434677800000061
in the formula, lambda is the wavelength of the motion trail of the wheel set; e is the distance between the contact spots of the left wheel track and the right wheel track, namely the span; r0The rolling circle radius of the wheel when the wheel set is in the centering position; gamma rayeThe angle of the taper of the wheel tread is; tan gammaeThe equivalent taper of the wheel tread;
meanwhile, calculating a QR value of the wheel rim by using the converted data to obtain the deviation between the measured profile and the standard profile to obtain the abrasion loss of the wheel rim;
8) after the measurement in the two directions is finished, the controller controls the laser displacement sensor to return to a zero position;
9) and analyzing and processing the acquired measurement signals, storing the signals of the axial position and the radial position of the wheel, and outputting measurement and analysis results.

Claims (2)

1. An on-machine measurement method for wheel and tread profiles of a railway vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps that a distributed measurement modular structure is adopted, parallel splicing is carried out according to a data interface rule, each distributed measurement module comprises two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors, the two one-dimensional laser displacement sensors axially move simultaneously through a motion shaft, measurement is achieved on a machine tool by means of Z-axis position signals or by means of adding auxiliary Z-axis, and measurement is achieved on a measuring machine by means of an X-axis directly;
the on-machine measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the radial profile of the wheel and the axial profile of the wheel tread;
the measurement of the wheel radial profile comprises the following steps:
the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 form a single wheel measuring unit, wherein the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor S1 is consistent with the vertical central line of the wheel to be measured, the linear distance between the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 is fixed to be L, the displacement measuring difference between the laser displacement sensor S1 and the laser displacement sensor S2 is d2-d1, and the radial radius of the obtained wheel is as follows:
Figure FDA0002917018400000011
when the wheel rotates, i measuring points are collected on one circle of the wheel, and the radial offset R of the wheel is obtainediRotating the wheel by a set angle to obtain a function R related to the radial movement of the wheeljThe expression is as follows:
Rj＝Ri(θi)
then to the function R of the radial movement of the wheeljNoise elimination and smooth filtering processing are carried out, and the output data carries out-of-roundness and noise intensity evaluation analysis on the radial contour of the contact line of the wheel tread;
the measurement of the wheel axial tread profile comprises the following steps:
the two laser displacement sensors measure the tread profile of the wheel along the Z-direction guide rail, two position signals are required for measuring the axial tread profile of the wheel, and one position signal is derived from the output signal of the laser displacement sensor S1diWherein i is the number of sampling points; the other position signal is derived from the signal output by the Z-direction guide rail linear grating and is ei，0≤eiH is less than or equal to H; measuring point coordinate Q of tread and rim contour formed by two groups of position signalsi(ei，hi)；
The tread contact line is taken as the origin of coordinates, the measured data is preprocessed, then the equivalent taper of the tread is calculated according to the Kingel formula,
Figure FDA0002917018400000021
in the formula, lambda is the wavelength of the motion trail of the wheel set; e is the distance between the contact spots of the left wheel track and the right wheel track, namely the span; r0The rolling circle radius of the wheel when the wheel set is in the centering position; gamma rayeThe angle of the taper of the wheel tread is; tan gammaeThe equivalent taper of the wheel tread;
and meanwhile, calculating a QR value of the wheel rim by using the converted data, obtaining the deviation of the measured profile and the standard profile, and obtaining the abrasion loss of the wheel rim.
2. The on-machine measurement method of a rail vehicle wheel and tread profile of claim 1, wherein: two laser displacement sensors of the dispersion measurement module are arranged on a sensor bracket, and the sensor bracket is axially connected with a Z-axis of the machine tool or independently forms a measurement shaft.
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CN112173912B (en) * 2020-11-12 2024-05-24 山东科技大学 Elevator brake wheel wear degree monitoring system
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