Beam joint structure for horizontal bending resistance of bolt connection full-assembly type reinforced concrete wallboard
Technical Field
The invention discloses a horizontal bending-resistant beam node structure for a bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, relates to the technical field of assembled concrete structures, and particularly relates to a horizontal bending-resistant beam node structure of a reinforced concrete wallboard assembled in a bolt connection mode.
Background
The prefabricated concrete structure is widely applied at home and abroad due to the advantages of high production efficiency, convenient assembly, environmental protection, energy conservation and the like. The low-multilayer fully-assembled bolt connection wallboard type reinforced concrete structure has better technical and economic advantages. The modular unitized wallboard integrating the vertical bearing member and the space division function is connected with each other by horizontal bolts in the horizontal direction, and the wallboard type assembly structure connected with the beam (or the foundation beam) improving the structural integrity in the vertical direction has the best construction efficiency and the structural integrity advantage and can resist larger earthquake action. This form of construction is being used in a wide variety of applications. The node of the beam has enough strength, rigidity and bearing capacity, which is one of the key technologies for realizing large span and complex structural form of the structure; meanwhile, the node completely realizes on-site concrete-free wet operation and can disassemble and reassemble the structure at any time, so that the railway room and the military room are solved, and particularly, the core which has short construction time, good durability after long-time use and can be disassembled and assembled for multiple times is positioned.
In the prior art, there are major disadvantages as follows:
(1) the vertical flat plate (steel plate) bolt connection node of the beam only has vertical rigidity and bearing capacity, has smaller load bearing capacity, and is only suitable for the condition that a wallboard exists under the beam.
(2) When there is no wall panel under the beam or no floor slab to beam connection, the safety of large span structures and complex structures cannot be ensured.
(3) In the narrow space with the length of only 300mm, the minimum width of the upper section of 120mm and the minimum width of the lower section of 220mm, due to the existence of construction errors, the construction precision of node connection is difficult to guarantee, and the structural safety is reduced.
(4) The connecting nodes of the beams need additional formworks to carry out wet joint pouring concrete connection, and the beams cannot be repeatedly used.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, a novel beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard is researched and designed, so that the problem in the prior art is very necessary to be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the prior art mentioned above: the horizontal direction bearing capacity is small when no supporting wallboard exists, large-span and high-precision construction cannot be realized, the technical problems of non-reusability and the like are solved, and the beam node structure for connecting the bolt with the fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard for horizontal bending resistance is provided. The invention mainly utilizes various anchoring forms to solve the connection between beams with different building structures and different spans, realizes the purposes of increasing the bearing capacity and the construction precision of the connection node, and simultaneously adopts a horizontal connection structure to increase the connection strength.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a beam node structure for bolted connection of a fully assembled reinforced concrete wallboard horizontal bend resistance, the beam node structure comprising: the beam-end steel plate is connected with the node assembling part; the node assembling part and the anchoring structure are respectively welded on two sides of the beam-end steel plate to form a beam node structure; the anchoring structure is prefabricated in the beam concrete; the two opposite beam joint structures are fixedly connected through the connecting component, so that the horizontal large bending resistance connecting assembly of the assembled reinforced concrete wallboard structure is realized;
further, the node assembling portion includes: the lower horizontal connecting plate, the upper horizontal connecting plate, the middle horizontal connecting plate and the vertical connecting plate are arranged in the middle of the lower horizontal connecting plate; the vertical connecting plate is vertically welded on the outer side wall of the beam-end steel plate, the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate are horizontally welded at the upper end and the lower end of the outer side of the beam-end steel plate and are welded with the upper end and the lower end of the vertical connecting plate to form an I-shaped structure; a plurality of layers of middle horizontal connecting plates are horizontally and uniformly distributed on two of the vertical connecting plates, and the middle horizontal connecting plates are welded with the vertical connecting plates and the beam end steel plate; a plurality of screw holes are processed on the lower horizontal connecting plate, the upper horizontal connecting plate and the middle horizontal connecting plate and are used for assembly and connection; the upper part of the edge of the outer side of the vertical connecting plate is provided with a semicircular hole, and the semicircular holes on the two opposite vertical connecting plates form a complete hole for avoiding a preformed hole for a floor slab connecting bolt. The prepared hole is one of a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle and a polygon.
Further, the anchoring structure includes: longitudinal stress steel bars, anchoring reinforcing plates and stirrups; the anchoring reinforcing plate is welded on the inner side of the beam-end steel plate; the longitudinal stress steel bar is perpendicular to the beam end steel plate, and the end is welded with the beam end steel plate; the longitudinal stressed steel bar can be welded with the anchoring reinforcing plate; the anchoring steel bar is of a U-shaped structure and is perpendicular to the beam-end steel plate, and the U-shaped bottom end of the anchoring steel bar is welded with the beam-end steel plate; the anchoring reinforcing steel bars can also be welded with the anchoring reinforcing plate and the longitudinal stressed reinforcing steel bars; the stirrups surround the longitudinal stressed steel bars and the anchoring steel bars and are welded with the longitudinal stressed steel bars and the anchoring steel bars to form a stable frame structure;
further, the anchoring structure has three combination forms, which are respectively:
firstly, welding the end part of a longitudinal stressed steel bar in a beam with a beam end steel plate;
secondly, welding the end part of the longitudinal stressed steel bar in the beam with a beam end steel plate, and then directly welding the anchoring steel bar on the beam end steel plate, wherein the welding length and the setting number are determined by design;
and thirdly, welding the end part of the longitudinal stressed steel bar in the beam with a beam end steel plate, welding the anchoring reinforcing plate with the beam end steel plate, and then welding the anchoring steel bar with the two sides of the anchoring reinforcing plate and the beam end steel plate to improve the anchoring performance.
Further, the connection assembly includes: the bolts and the joints are connected with the horizontal cover plate; screw holes corresponding to the positions of the lower horizontal connecting plate, the upper horizontal connecting plate and the middle horizontal connecting plate are formed in the node connection horizontal cover plate; the horizontal cover plate for node connection is arranged on each pair of lower horizontal connecting plate, upper horizontal connecting plate and middle horizontal connecting plate which are oppositely arranged, and is fixedly connected with the nut through a bolt to complete the connection of two beam node structures.
The invention has the characteristics that the structure is simple, the construction is convenient, the construction deviation is eliminated, and the requirement of repeated assembly, disassembly and repeated use of the component can be met. From the mechanical point of view, the key problem that the rigidity of the beam node out of the plane (horizontal direction) is insufficient can be solved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the beam node structure for horizontally bending-resisting the bolt-connected fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the steel plate component part is simple in structural form, convenient to process, easy to manufacture and install, capable of being repeatedly disassembled and assembled, capable of well eliminating construction deviation, capable of improving disassembling and assembling efficiency and capable of enabling the beam to be repeatedly used for many times;
2. according to the beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolted fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the end part of the longitudinal stressed steel bar in the beam is welded on the beam end steel plate, so that the steel bar framework is accurately positioned, the steel bar can not be ensured not to deform and loosen in the working procedures of concrete pouring and the like, the production quality of the component is ensured, the beam end steel plate has the functions of a stressed component and a template, and the production efficiency of the component can be improved to a greater extent;
3. according to the beam node structure for horizontally bending-resisting the bolt-connected fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the selection of steel and the design of bolt nodes can meet the requirement that the node has enough vertical bending-resisting capacity under different working conditions, and can provide larger horizontal bearing capacity;
4. according to the beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the method for welding the end part of the longitudinal stressed steel bar in the beam and the beam-end steel plate is adopted, so that the steel plate anchoring requirement is met, the problem of hook anchoring of the beam-end steel bar in concrete is solved, and steel is saved compared with the conventional method;
5. according to the beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the steel reinforcement framework in concrete is firmly welded on the beam end steel plate before concrete is poured, and in the concrete pouring process, the steel reinforcement cannot be displaced, so that the product quality of a concrete prefabricated part is greatly improved;
6. according to the beam joint structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, the beam end steel plate is directly used as a beam end concrete pouring template, so that the cost is saved, and the component manufacturing efficiency is improved.
7. The beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of the bolt connection fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard provided by the invention realizes a more complex technical process on a narrow beam section by a simple method, and can completely meet the anchoring requirements of a structural beam in different bearing capacity ranges.
In conclusion, the technical scheme of the invention solves the problems that the horizontal bearing capacity is small, large-span and high-precision construction cannot be realized, and the repeated use cannot be realized when no supporting wallboard is arranged in the prior art.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a general conceptual diagram of a beam (including nodes) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the node anchoring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a horizontal joint plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the cover plate connection according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the beam reinforced concrete part 2, bolts 3, a horizontal cover plate 4 for node connection, longitudinal stress steel bars 5, anchoring steel bars 6, a beam-end steel plate 7, a lower horizontal connecting plate 8, an upper horizontal connecting plate 9, a middle horizontal connecting plate 10, a vertical connecting plate 11, an anchoring reinforcing plate 12 and stirrups.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
As shown in the figures, the invention provides a horizontal bending-resistant beam joint structure for bolted connection of a fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard; the beam end steel plates (mostly in a convex shape) which are anchored with the concrete part and have the same cross section shape with the beam are used as basic plates for mechanical conversion, the beam end steel plates and the beam concrete part are tightly anchored into a whole through an anchoring structure, the other side of the beam end steel plates is welded into a multi-wing-shaped connecting plate (namely a node assembling part) through a horizontal connecting steel plate and a vertical connecting steel plate, and the connecting plates (namely connecting assemblies) are connected into a whole through bolt connecting cover plates.
The anchorage of beam-end steel plate and beam concrete is realized by 3 means: 1. the most basic anchoring form is that the end part of a longitudinal stressed steel bar in the beam is welded with a beam end steel plate; 2. if the anchoring capacity provided by the welding joints formed by all the longitudinal steel bars is insufficient, the anchoring steel bars are directly welded on the beam end steel plate, and the welding length and the setting number of the anchoring steel bars are determined by design; 3. when the beam-ends bear a large load and the two modes can not meet the bearing capacity requirement, the anchoring reinforcing plate can be welded with the beam-ends steel plate, and then the anchoring reinforcing steel bars are welded with the two sides of the anchoring reinforcing plate and the beam-ends steel plate, so that the anchoring performance is improved.
The outer side of the beam-end steel plate is the connecting part of the beam end and the beam end. The vertical steel plate and the beam end steel plate are welded to serve as the base plate, so that the vertical bending resistance of the node (the node mainly bears vertical bending moment) is provided, and the base plate is welded with the steel plate for horizontal connection. The horizontal connection steel plates are divided into upper and lower sides (upper horizontal connection steel plates and lower horizontal connection steel plates) and a middle horizontal connection steel plate. The width of the upper horizontal connecting steel plate and the width of the lower horizontal connecting steel plate are the same as the width of the beam section or slightly narrower considering the surface decoration layer, the upper horizontal connecting steel plate and the lower horizontal connecting steel plate are welded at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical connecting plate as a whole plate, the middle horizontal connecting steel plate is welded at the two sides of the vertical connecting steel plate, and the width of the outer edge of the middle horizontal connecting steel plate can be the same as the width of the outer side of the beam section or slightly. And meanwhile, the horizontal connecting steel plates are all tightly welded with the beam end steel plate. The upper horizontal connecting steel plate and the lower horizontal connecting steel plate are respectively one, the number of the middle horizontal connecting steel plates is determined according to design, and the upper horizontal connecting steel plate and the lower horizontal connecting steel plate are arranged in parallel. The number, arrangement mode, size and shape of the bolt holes in the horizontal connecting steel plate are determined by design. The horizontal connecting steel plates are connected through the bolt cover plates by high-strength bolts, and the two sections of beams are connected into a whole. The vertical steel plates can be directly connected by the common vertical bolt cover plates in steel structure construction and connected by high-strength bolts according to design requirements. The hole will be reserved to vertical connecting steel plate in floor connecting bolt position department, and the shape of reserving the hole in this patent example is the semicircle type, also can adopt shape such as elliptical hole according to factors such as the difficult degree and the cost anchor ability of processing, construction.
Example 1
The invention provides a beam node structure for horizontal bending resistance of a bolt connection full-assembly type reinforced concrete wallboard, which comprises: the beam-end steel plate 6 is connected with the node assembling part; the node assembling part and the anchoring structure are respectively welded on two sides of the beam-end steel plate 6 to form a beam node structure; the anchoring structure is prefabricated in the beam concrete; two relative beam node structures are fixedly connected through a connecting component, and horizontal large-bending-resistance connecting assembly of the assembly type reinforced concrete wallboard structure is achieved.
The node assembling unit includes: a lower horizontal connecting plate 7, an upper horizontal connecting plate 8, a middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and a vertical connecting plate 10; the vertical connecting plate 10 is vertically welded on the outer side wall of the beam-end steel plate 6, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7 are horizontally welded at the upper end and the lower end of the outer side of the beam-end steel plate 6 and are welded with the upper end and the lower end of the vertical connecting plate 10 to form an I-shaped structure; a plurality of layers of middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are horizontally and uniformly distributed on two of the vertical connecting plates 10, and the middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are connected with the vertical connecting plates 10 and the beam end steel plates 6 in a welding mode; a plurality of screw holes are processed on the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and are used for assembly and connection; a semicircular hole is processed at the upper part of the edge of the outer side of the vertical connecting plate 10, and the semicircular holes on two opposite vertical connecting plates 10 form a complete hole for avoiding a reserved hole for a floor slab connecting bolt; the prepared hole is circular.
The anchoring structure is formed by welding the end part of a longitudinal stressed steel bar 4 in a beam with a beam end steel plate 6.
The coupling assembling includes: the bolt 2 and the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is provided with screw holes corresponding to the positions of the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is arranged on each pair of lower horizontal connecting plate 7, upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and middle horizontal connecting plate 9 which are oppositely arranged, and is fixedly connected with a nut through the bolt 2, so that the connection of two beam node structures is completed.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the invention also provides a horizontal bending-resistant beam node structure for bolt connection of a fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, which comprises the following components: the beam-end steel plate 6 is connected with the node assembling part; the node assembling part and the anchoring structure are respectively welded on two sides of the beam-end steel plate 6 to form a beam node structure; the anchoring structure is prefabricated in the beam concrete; two relative beam node structures are fixedly connected through a connecting component, and horizontal large-bending-resistance connecting assembly of the assembly type reinforced concrete wallboard structure is achieved.
The node assembling unit includes: a lower horizontal connecting plate 7, an upper horizontal connecting plate 8, a middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and a vertical connecting plate 10; the vertical connecting plate 10 is vertically welded on the outer side wall of the beam-end steel plate 6, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7 are horizontally welded at the upper end and the lower end of the outer side of the beam-end steel plate 6 and are welded with the upper end and the lower end of the vertical connecting plate 10 to form an I-shaped structure; a plurality of layers of middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are horizontally and uniformly distributed on two of the vertical connecting plates 10, and the middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are connected with the vertical connecting plates 10 and the beam end steel plates 6 in a welding mode; a plurality of screw holes are processed on the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and are used for assembly and connection; a semicircular hole is processed at the upper part of the edge of the outer side of the vertical connecting plate 10, and the semicircular holes on two opposite vertical connecting plates 10 form a complete hole for avoiding a reserved hole for a floor slab connecting bolt; the preformed hole is oval.
The anchor structure includes: longitudinal stressed steel bars 4, anchoring steel bars 5 and stirrups 12; the end part of a longitudinal stressed steel bar 4 in the beam is welded with a beam end steel plate 6, then an anchoring steel bar 5 is directly welded on the beam end steel plate 6, and the welding length and the setting number are determined by design; the stirrups 12 surround the longitudinal stressed steel bars 4 and the anchoring steel bars 5, and are welded with the longitudinal stressed steel bars and the anchoring steel bars to form a stable frame structure.
The coupling assembling includes: the bolt 2 and the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is provided with screw holes corresponding to the positions of the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is arranged on each pair of lower horizontal connecting plate 7, upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and middle horizontal connecting plate 9 which are oppositely arranged, and is fixedly connected with a nut through the bolt 2, so that the connection of two beam node structures is completed.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, the invention also provides a horizontal bending-resistant beam node structure for bolt connection of a fully-assembled reinforced concrete wallboard, which comprises the following components: the beam-end steel plate 6 is connected with the node assembling part; the node assembling part and the anchoring structure are respectively welded on two sides of the beam-end steel plate 6 to form a beam node structure; the anchoring structure is prefabricated in the beam concrete; two relative beam node structures are fixedly connected through a connecting component, and horizontal large-bending-resistance connecting assembly of the assembly type reinforced concrete wallboard structure is achieved.
The node assembling unit includes: a lower horizontal connecting plate 7, an upper horizontal connecting plate 8, a middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and a vertical connecting plate 10; the vertical connecting plate 10 is vertically welded on the outer side wall of the beam-end steel plate 6, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7 are horizontally welded at the upper end and the lower end of the outer side of the beam-end steel plate 6 and are welded with the upper end and the lower end of the vertical connecting plate 10 to form an I-shaped structure; a plurality of layers of middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are horizontally and uniformly distributed on two of the vertical connecting plates 10, and the middle horizontal connecting plates 9 are connected with the vertical connecting plates 10 and the beam end steel plates 6 in a welding mode; a plurality of screw holes are processed on the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9 and are used for assembly connection. A semicircular hole is processed at the upper part of the edge of the outer side of the vertical connecting plate 10, and the semicircular holes on two opposite vertical connecting plates 10 form a complete hole for avoiding a reserved hole for a floor slab connecting bolt; the prepared hole is circular.
The anchor structure includes: longitudinal stressed steel bars 4, anchoring steel bars 5, anchoring reinforcing plates 11 and stirrups 12; the end part of a longitudinal stress steel bar 4 in the beam is welded with a beam end steel plate 6, an anchoring reinforcing plate 11 is welded with the beam end steel plate 6, and then an anchoring steel bar 5 is welded with two sides of the anchoring reinforcing plate 11 and the beam end steel plate 6, so that the anchoring performance is improved; the stirrups 12 surround the longitudinal stressed steel bars 4 and the anchoring steel bars 5, and are welded with the longitudinal stressed steel bars and the anchoring steel bars to form a stable frame structure.
The coupling assembling includes: the bolt 2 and the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is provided with screw holes corresponding to the positions of the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, the upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and the middle horizontal connecting plate 9; the horizontal cover plate 3 for node connection is arranged on each pair of lower horizontal connecting plate 7, upper horizontal connecting plate 8 and middle horizontal connecting plate 9 which are oppositely arranged, and is fixedly connected with a nut through the bolt 2, so that the connection of two beam node structures is completed.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.