CN111286522B - Preparation method of fermentation liquor containing rhamnolipid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, and discloses a preparation method of rhamnolipid-containing fermentation liquor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, in particular to a preparation method of rhamnolipid-containing fermentation liquor.
Background
The surfactant is generally composed of hydrophilic and oleophobic polar groups and hydrophobic and oleophilic nonpolar groups, can greatly reduce the surface tension of water by adding a small amount of the surfactant, obviously change the interfacial properties and states in a system, has various performances such as demulsification, foaming, solubilization, dispersion, emulsification, flocculation and the like, can be widely applied to industrial production, and is called industrial monosodium glutamate. However, for many years, the production of the surfactant is synthesized by a chemical method, the waste water and the waste gas generated in the production process seriously pollute the environment, most of the synthesized surfactant is not easily biodegraded and is easy to deposit in the environment in a large amount, the mobility of pollutants in soil is reduced, the solubility of toxic substances in water is increased, and the synthesized surfactant can be accumulated in animal cells to influence the liver function of an organism and reduce the immunity.
At present, with the improvement of environmental awareness of people, the requirements of people on clean, safe and efficient biosurfactants are continuously increased, and glycolipids occupy a very large proportion in a plurality of biosurfactants. In glycolipids, rhamnolipids have high application potential in the aspects of biomedicine, environmental protection, secondary oil extraction and the like.
When the critical micelle concentration of the rhamnolipid is 10-200 mg/L, the rhamnolipid can reduce the oil/water interfacial tension of 43 mN/to less than 1mN/m, reduce the surface tension of water from 72mN/m to 30mN/m, and has lower surface and interfacial tension compared with other biosurfactants. Therefore, the rhamnolipid has wide application potential in the fields of environmental industry, petroleum industry, food and cosmetic industry, biological medicine and the like. At present, people pay more attention to the application of rhamnolipid in the aspects of environmental remediation and extraction oil recovery.
The biosurfactant is advocated by people due to the advantages of good surface activity, environmental friendliness, biodegradability, skillful and easily available synthetic raw materials and the like, and the rhamnolipid is the most researched surfactant with better effect and is expected to become the surfactant which occupies the main position in the next generation market. However, since rhamnolipid is produced by microbial fermentation and is not superior in yield compared with artificially synthesized quantity, we need to improve the production efficiency of rhamnolipid from two aspects: (1) continuously optimizing a fermentation process; (2) and (3) screening microorganisms with the characteristic of high-yield rhamnolipid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of rhamnolipid-containing fermentation liquor, and the problems of high production cost, small fermentation scale, low product yield and the like of the traditional rhamnolipid fermentation technology are solved by optimizing a fermentation process and screening high-yield rhamnolipid strains.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preparing fermentation liquor containing rhamnolipid comprises the following steps: 1) Inoculating the rhamnolipid-producing strain into a seed culture medium in a proportion of 1-3% for amplification culture to obtain seed strain fermentation liquor.
2) Inoculating seed bacteria fermentation liquor into a sterilized fermentation tank culture medium in an inoculation amount of 4-5%; the culture medium of the fermentation tank contains at least one of fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil.
3) And (3) controlling the pH value in a segmented manner in the fermentation process, simultaneously supplementing and adding a carbon source, and performing gas fermentation to obtain fermentation liquor containing the rhamnolipid.
The method adopts fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil as main components of the fermentation medium, can obviously shorten the fermentation time and improve the product yield by segmented pH control and fed-batch fermentation, has the concentration of rhamnolipid in fermentation broth of 127-containing rhamnolipid/L after the fermentation is finished, and has simple production process and easy realization. The method can solve the problems of high production cost, small fermentation scale, low product yield and the like of the traditional rhamnolipid fermentation technology, and realizes the aim of preparing rhamnolipid at low cost on a pilot-scale fermentation level.
The invention adopts fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil as main components of a fermentation medium, wherein the fish oil is selected because: 1. the Zhejiang boat mountain or coastal area has a large amount of waste, can produce a large amount of fish oil, and has lower acquisition cost, the cost of crude fish oil is below 5 yuan and 1 kg, and the price is lower than that of vegetable oil such as corn oil; 2. the fish oil is clear and transparent after fermentation, is orange red, and has good product form. Can be used for large-scale production and fermentation. 3. At present, fish oil is hardly used as rhamnolipid. The reason for using camphor tree oil is that: the product is transparent and easy to separate after camphor tree oil is used as rhamnolipid, and the research of camphor tree oil as rhamnolipid is hardly available at present. The reason for using palm oil is: the palm oil has high content of saturated fatty acid, so that the oxidation is less during fermentation, and no peculiar smell is generated. Meanwhile, the research on the rhamnolipid produced by applying palm oil is less.
Preferably, the rhamnolipid-producing strain is pseudomonas aeruginosa, is named as zs1.1, and has been preserved in the general microbiological culture collection center of China general microbiological culture collection administration in 2019, 12 months and 09 days at the preservation address of Beijing, China; the preservation number is CGMCC No.19110, and the microorganism is named as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The invention screens a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with high rhamnolipid yield from oil sludge in the Zhoushan sea area, the strain has an excellent capacity of producing surfactant rhamnolipid, the yield of the rhamnolipid after fermentation can reach 127g/L, and the yield is obviously higher than that of other similar strains.
Preferably, in the step 1), the seed culture medium is a mineral salt culture medium MSM and contains yeast powder with the mass volume ratio of 1-3%.
Preferably, in step 1), the conditions for the scale-up culture are: culturing at 25-35 deg.C with shaking table rotation speed of 15-200r/min for 7-8 h.
Preferably, in step 2), the fermenter medium contains: 35-45g/L of fish oil and/or camphor tree oil and/or palm oil, NaNO3 5.0-5.5g/L，NH4NO3 2.5-3.0g/L，Na2PO4 8-12g/L，KH2PO4 7-8g/L， MgSO4·7H2O0.2-0.4g/L，CaCl29.5-10.5g/L, 2.5-2.5mL/L of trace element solution and 0.3-0.7g/L of yeast powder.
Preferably, in the step 2), the trace element solution contains: FeSO4·7H2O15-20g/L；ZnSO4·7H2O 2.5-3.5g/L；MnSO4·2H2O2.5-3.5g/L。
Preferably, in step 2), the initial pH value of the culture medium in the fermentation tank is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, the rotation speed is 250-350rpm, the dissolved oxygen is 40-50%, and the tank pressure is 0.03-0.05 mPa.
Preferably, in step 3): controlling the pH value to be 7.0-8.0 within the first 24h after fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5 after 24h of fermentation.
Preferably, in step 3): after 24 hours of fermentation, the carbon source is supplemented, and 0.8-1.2wt%, 1.5-2.5wt% and 1.5-2.5wt% of the carbon source are respectively supplemented when the fermentation time is 20-30 hours, 40-50 hours and 70-80 hours; at least one of fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil as the carbon source.
The pH value is controlled to be about 7 in the early stage, so that the strain can grow rapidly, and the pH value is controlled to be 6.0-6.5 in the later stage, so that the yield of rhamnolipid can be improved.
Preferably, in step 3), the total fermentation time is 90 hours or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention solves the problems of high production cost, small fermentation scale, low product yield and the like of the traditional rhamnolipid fermentation technology by optimizing the fermentation process, has the characteristics of high product yield, low production cost, easy realization of the process and the like, and realizes the aim of preparing rhamnolipid at low cost on a pilot-scale fermentation level.
(2) The invention screens a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with high rhamnolipid yield from oil sludge in the Zhoushan sea area, the strain has an excellent capacity of producing surfactant rhamnolipid, the yield of the rhamnolipid after fermentation can reach 127g/L, and the yield is obviously higher than that of other similar strains.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
General examples
A method for preparing fermentation liquor containing rhamnolipid comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating the rhamnolipid-producing strain into a seed culture medium in a proportion of 1-3% for amplification culture to obtain seed strain fermentation liquor.
2) Inoculating seed bacteria fermentation liquor into a sterilized fermentation tank culture medium in an inoculation amount of 4-5%; the culture medium of the fermentation tank contains at least one of fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil.
3) And (3) controlling the pH value in a segmented manner in the fermentation process, simultaneously supplementing and adding a carbon source, and performing gas fermentation to obtain fermentation liquor containing the rhamnolipid.
Preferably, the pseudomonas aeruginosa with high rhamnolipid yield is named as zs1.1 and is preserved in the general microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection management Committee in 2019 at 12 months and 09 days, wherein the preservation address is Beijing China; the preservation number is CGMCC No.19110, and the microorganism is named as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Preferably, in the step 1), the seed culture medium is a mineral salt culture medium MSM and contains yeast powder with the mass volume ratio of 1-3%. The conditions for the scale-up culture were: culturing for 7-8h at the environment of 25-35 ℃ and the rotating speed of the shaking table of 150-.
Preferably, in step 2), the fermenter medium contains: 35-45g/L of fish oil and/or camphor tree oil and/or palm oil, NaNO3 5.0-5.5g/L，NH4NO3 2.5-3.0g/L，Na2PO4 8-12g/L，KH2PO4 7-8g/L， MgSO4·7H2O0.2-0.4g/L，CaCl29.5-10.5g/L, 2.5-2.5mL/L of trace element solution and 0.3-0.7g/L of yeast powder. The trace element solution contains: FeSO4·7H2O15-20g/L；ZnSO4·7H2O2.5-3.5g/L；MnSO4·2H2O2.5-3.5 g/L。
Preferably, in step 2), the initial pH value of the culture medium in the fermentation tank is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, the rotation speed is 250-350rpm, the dissolved oxygen is 40-50%, and the tank pressure is 0.03-0.05 mPa.
Preferably, in step 3): controlling the pH value to be 7.0-8.0 within the first 24h after fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5 after 24h of fermentation; after 24 hours of fermentation, the carbon source is supplemented, and 0.8-1.2wt%, 1.5-2.5wt% and 1.5-2.5wt% of the carbon source are respectively supplemented when the fermentation time is 20-30 hours, 40-50 hours and 70-80 hours; at least one of fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil as the carbon source. The total fermentation time is more than 90 h.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Preparing a seed culture medium: mineral salt culture medium (MSM) + 2% yeast powder (mass volume ratio), inoculating 2% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa zs1.1 in glycerin pipe into seed culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C and 180r/min of shaking table for 7 h.
Preparing a fermentation medium: 15g/L of fish oil, 15g/L of camphor tree oil, 10g/L of palm oil and NaNO3 5.43g/L，NH4NO32.56g/L，Na2PO4 10g/L，KH2PO4 7.7g/L，MgSO4·7H2O0.3g/L，CaCl210.01g/L, trace element solution 3mL/L (FeSO)4·7H2O18g/L；ZnSO4·7H2O3.0g/L；MnSO4·2H2O3.0g/L), and yeast powder 0.5 g/L.
A50L tank is filled with 30L of fermentation medium, the initial pH value of the medium is adjusted to 7, and vertical in-situ sterilization is adopted. The initial conditions were: the rotating speed is 300rpm, the dissolved oxygen is 45 percent, and the tank pressure is about 0.04 mPa.
Inoculating the seed bacteria fermentation liquor after propagation in a sterilized fermentation tank culture medium in an inoculation amount of 4.5%, and performing ventilation fermentation.
The pH value is controlled to be 7.0-8.0 in the early stage (the first 24h) of the fermentation, and is controlled to be 6.0-6.5 in the middle and later stages (24h) of the fermentation.
Feeding is started after 24h of fermentation, and 1%, 2% and 2% of carbon sources (fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil) are respectively fed at 24h, 48h and 72 h. Fermenting for 96 h.
The rhamnolipid yield in the fermentation liquor is determined by an oil extraction ring method: the rhamnolipid as a surfactant has hydrophilic, lipophilic and amphoteric groups, and can be detected by an oil-discharge ring method to directly determine the activity of the rhamnolipid. Through detection, the concentration of the rhamnolipid in fermentation liquor after the fermentation is finished is 127 g/L.
Comparative example
Other pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected, the same fermentation process was adopted as in the examples, and the yield was compared, and the results were as follows:
| pseudomonas aeruginosa | The maximum local product weight g/L in 96h |
| Zs1.1 (examples) | 127 |
| Zs2 (comparison example) | 57 |
Note: zs2 is a strain isolated from the same sample as the strain of the invention.
As can be seen from the comparison, the productivity of the rhamnolipid of the strain is far better than that of the comparative strain, and the rhamnolipid is almost the highest strain of currently known rhamnolipid-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalents of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing fermentation liquor containing rhamnolipid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) inoculating the rhamnolipid-producing strain into a seed culture medium in a proportion of 1-3% for amplification culture to obtain seed strain fermentation liquor;
2) inoculating seed bacteria fermentation liquor into a sterilized fermentation tank culture medium in an inoculation amount of 4-5%; the fermentation tank culture medium contains a carbon source, and the carbon source comprises at least one of fish oil and camphor tree oil;
the rhamnolipid-producing strain is pseudomonas aeruginosa and is named as zs1.1, and the strain is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 09.12.2019, the preservation number is CGMCC 19110, and the microorganism classification is named as pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosa；
3) Controlling the pH value to be 7.0-8.0 within the first 24h after fermentation, and controlling the pH value to be 6.0-6.5 after 24h of fermentation; and (3) supplementing a carbon source during fermentation, and performing gas fermentation to obtain fermentation liquor containing rhamnolipid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the seed culture medium is a mineral salt culture medium MSM and contains yeast powder with the mass volume ratio of 1-3%.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 1), the condition of the amplification culture is as follows: culturing at 25-35 deg.C with shaking table rotation speed of 15-200r/min for 7-8 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the culture medium of the fermentation tank contains: carbon source 35-45g/L, NaNO3 5.0-5.5g/L，NH4NO3 2.5-3.0g/L，Na2PO4 8-12g/L，KH2PO4 7-8g/L，MgSO4•7H2O 0.2-0.4g/L，CaCl29.5-10.5g/L, 2.5-2.5mL/L of trace element solution and 0.3-0.7g/L of yeast powder.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step 2), the trace element solution contains: FeSO4•7H2O 15-20 g/L；ZnSO4•7H2O 2.5-3.5 g/L；MnSO4•2H2O 2.5-3.5 g/L。
6. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step 2), the initial pH value of the culture medium in the fermentation tank is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, the rotation speed is 250-350rpm, the dissolved oxygen is 40-50%, and the tank pressure is 0.03-0.05 mPa.
7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein: in step 3): after 24 hours of fermentation, the carbon source is supplemented, and 0.8-1.2wt%, 1.5-2.5wt% and 1.5-2.5wt% of the carbon source are respectively supplemented when the fermentation time is 20-30 hours, 40-50 hours and 70-80 hours; the carbon source comprises at least one of fish oil, camphor tree oil and palm oil.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step 3), the total fermentation time is more than 90 h.
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