CN111281374A - Method and system for judging type of his bundle pacing - Google Patents

Method and system for judging type of his bundle pacing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111281374A
CN111281374A CN202010157142.4A CN202010157142A CN111281374A CN 111281374 A CN111281374 A CN 111281374A CN 202010157142 A CN202010157142 A CN 202010157142A CN 111281374 A CN111281374 A CN 111281374A
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field
far
electrocardiogram
bundle pacing
pacing
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张岩
刘子瑶
郑强荪
李永勤
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Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine of Xian Jiaotong University
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Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine of Xian Jiaotong University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/318Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
    • A61B5/346Analysis of electrocardiograms
    • A61B5/349Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
    • A61B5/366Detecting abnormal QRS complex, e.g. widening
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • A61N1/36507Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by gradient or slope of the heart potential
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
    • A61N1/37512Pacemakers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
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  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to a method and a system for judging the type of Hi bundle pacing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters; forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters; and judging the type of the Hig bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram. The method for judging the type of the his bundle pacing provided by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the operation time on one hand and improve the examination efficiency of the patient during postoperative follow-up on the other hand.

Description

Method and system for judging type of his bundle pacing
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a method and a system for judging the type of Hi-beam pacing.
Background
Compared to right ventricular apex pacing, bundle of his pacing is a safe and more physiological pacing modality. Bundle pacing has protective and improving effects on cardiac function and has become an alternative to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) protocols.
His bundle pacing is further classified into selective his bundle pacing and non-selective his bundle pacing according to the capture morphology, in which the implantation position of the pacing electrode is different between these two pacing modes. The selective his bundle pacing needs to implant a pacing electrode on the his bundle, the non-selective his bundle pacing needs to implant a pacing electrode beside the his bundle, and the ranges of the his bundle and the sides of the his bundle are smaller and adjacent in position, so whether deviation of the position of the implanted electrode is consistent with a preset pacing type or not needs to be accurately analyzed. In the related art, usually, in the process of operation, whether the implantation positions of different types of the his bundle pacing electrodes are accurate is identified by a method of judging an actual intracavity diagram and a pacing threshold value by connecting electrode plates. The inventors have found that this approach is less efficient and greatly increases the procedure time. Accordingly, there is a need to ameliorate one or more of the problems with the related art solutions described above.
It is noted that this section is intended to provide a background or context to the inventive concepts recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and system for determining a type of his bundle pacing, thereby overcoming, at least to some extent, one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
The embodiment of the invention firstly provides a method for judging the type of the his bundle pacing, which comprises the following steps:
receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
and judging the type of the Hig bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the type of his bundle pacing by analyzing the morphology of the near-field potential in the near-field electrocardiogram, the time to reach the peak in the near-field and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram further includes:
and when the initial potential of the near field is positive, the near field peak reaching time is more than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-125ms, determining that the patient is the selective Hill bundle pacing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the type of his bundle pacing by analyzing the morphology of the near-field potential in the near-field electrocardiogram, the time to reach the peak in the near-field and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram further includes:
and when the initial potential of the near field is negative, the near field peak reaching time is more than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is more than 115-125ms, determining that the patient is the non-selective Hill bundle pacing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step of receiving preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameters, the preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameters include pacing frequency, pacing pulse amplitude and width, and sensing sensitivity.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for determining a type of his bundle pacing, including:
the data receiving unit is used for receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
the data processing unit is used for forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
and the judging unit is used for judging the type of the Hill bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the determining unit further includes a first sub-determining unit, and the first sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is positive, and when the near field peak reaching time is greater than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-125ms, the determination is that the patient is the selective his bundle pacing.
In an embodiment of the invention, the determining unit further includes a second sub-determining unit, and the second sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is negative, and when the near field peak reaching time is greater than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is greater than 115-125ms, it is determined as the non-selective his bundle pacing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes an implantable pacemaker, and the implantable pacemaker is in communication connection with the data receiving unit, and is configured to transmit the recorded preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameter to the data receiving unit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the implantable pacemaker is connected to the data receiving unit via a wireless radio frequency.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the implantable pacemaker and the data receiving unit are connected through a programmable probe.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the type of the bundle of His pacing can be accurately judged by analyzing the near-field electrocardiogram and the far-field electrocardiogram formed by the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters. On one hand, medical staff can know the current Hill bundle pacing type through the method, and quickly adjust and determine the implantation position of the pacemaker electrode according to the feedback of data, thereby reducing the operation time. On the other hand, when the patient is followed up after operation, the method can also quickly judge whether the pacing electrode in the body is stable or not and whether the pacing electrode is fixed in the area of the bundle of his or her own accord, thereby improving the examination efficiency.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a method for determining the type of bundle of His pacing in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a near-field and far-field electrocardiogram in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a bundle of His pacing type determining system in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram showing an application scenario of the his bundle pacing type determination system in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of embodiments of the invention, which are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
The Hig bundle paces, and the pacing electrode directly paces the Hig bundle and can correct partial left bundle branch conduction block, so that electrical excitation is transmitted down along a normal conduction system of the heart, the relatively normal ventricular electrical excitation sequence and ventricular contraction synchronism are maintained, a better hemodynamic effect can be obtained, and the cardiac bundle pacing electrode is an ideal pacing part and becomes a hotspot in the field of current pacing treatment.
However, in the prior art, it is often difficult to perform his bundle pacing in one step, and there are many situations where the sensing signal is too low and the threshold value is too high, and repeated mapping and fixing of the implanted electrode are often required, which prolongs the operation time and increases the infection probability.
Based on this, the present exemplary embodiment first provides a his bundle pacing type determination method, which, referring to fig. 1, may include the following steps:
step S1: receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
step S2: forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
step S3: and judging the type of the Hig bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the type of the his bundle pacing can be accurately judged by analyzing the near-field electrocardiogram and the far-field electrocardiogram formed by the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters. On one hand, medical staff can know the current Hill bundle pacing type through the method, and quickly adjust and determine the implantation position of the pacemaker electrode according to the feedback of data, thereby reducing the operation time. On the other hand, when the patient is followed up after operation, the method can also quickly judge whether the pacing electrode in the body is stable or not and whether the pacing electrode is fixed in the area of the bundle of his or her own accord, thereby improving the examination efficiency.
Hereinafter, each step of the above-described method in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail.
In step S1, the preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameter information may be received by the programmer, and specifically, the preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameter information may include pacing frequency, pacing pulse amplitude and width, and sensing sensitivity, as well as impedance, detection sensitivity, and the like. Accordingly, the intracavitary electrocardiographic parameters can be sent by a pacemaker implanted in a body, for example, the pacemaker with a wireless receiving and sending module can transmit data to the program-controlled instrument in a wireless transmission mode. Therefore, as long as the program controller is opened to receive data, the function of monitoring various data in the pacemaker in real time can be achieved.
In step S2, the programmer may form a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram from the received intracavitary electrocardiographic parameters, as shown in fig. 2. In general, the range of the near field is defined as: TIP to RING (TIP to RING) electrode, the far field range is defined as: right ventricular lead RING electrode to pacemaker housing (RING to CAN). The near-field electrocardiogram and the far-field electrocardiogram are formed into data in the subsequent steps, so that convenience is provided, the final result is more intuitive and is convenient for medical staff to check, and particularly, the program controller can also display the electrocardiogram on a display screen.
In step S3, the type of his bundle pacing is determined by analyzing the near-field potential morphology in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field time-to-peak, and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
Wherein the near field peak-to-peak time is defined as: from the time of the stimulus wave to a positive peak or a negative trough, the far-field QRS interval is defined as: in the far field pattern, the time from the beginning of the intracavity map to the last peak or trough is recorded.
By analyzing the three data simultaneously, the type of the his bundle pacing and whether the pacemaker electrode implanted in the body is in the corresponding position can be judged. In the operation, medical personnel can know the current Hi-bundle pacing type through the method, and can quickly adjust and determine the implantation position of the pacemaker electrode according to the feedback of data, thereby reducing the operation time. In addition, when the patient is followed up after operation, the method can also quickly judge whether the pacing electrode in the patient body is stable or not and whether the pacing electrode is fixed in the area of the bundle of his or her teeth or not, so that the examination efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, step S3 further includes step S31: when the initial potential of the near field is positive, the near field peak time is greater than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-120ms, the selective Hill bundle pacing is determined.
Selective his bundle pacing, with activation first descending along the his pythagorean and then exciting the myocardium, results in a positive near-field initial potential and an extended near-field peak-to-peak time.
In another embodiment, step S3 further includes step S32: and when the initial potential of the near field is negative, the near field peak reaching time is more than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is more than 115-120ms, determining that the patient is the non-selective Hill bundle pacing.
Nonselective his bundle pacing is the simultaneous excitation of the right ventricular myocardium and his bundle, resulting in negative near-field initial potential and shortened near-field peak-to-peak time.
The judgment result can be output through the printing equipment and can be directly displayed on a display screen of the program control instrument, so that the medical staff can conveniently check the judgment result, and the time is further saved.
It should be noted that although the various steps of the methods of the present disclosure are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that these steps must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the depicted steps must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions, etc. Additionally, it will also be readily appreciated that the steps may be performed synchronously or asynchronously, e.g., among multiple modules/processes/threads.
Also provided in the present exemplary embodiment is a his bundle pacing type determination system, which may include a data receiving unit 100, a data processing unit 200, and a determination unit 300, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. Wherein:
the data receiving unit 100 is used for receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
the data processing unit 200 is used for forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
the determination unit 300 is configured to determine the type of his bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential morphology in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak arrival time, and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
In this exemplary embodiment, the determining unit 300 further includes a first sub-determining unit, and when the first sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is positive, the near field peak reaching time is greater than 35-45ms, and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-120ms, it is determined as the selective his bundle pacing.
In one embodiment, the determining unit 300 may further include a second sub-determining unit, and when the second sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is negative, the near field peak time is greater than 35-45ms, and the far field QRS interval is greater than 115-120ms, it is determined as the non-selective his bundle pacing.
Further, in this exemplary embodiment, the system further includes one or more implantable pacemakers 400, and the implantable pacemakers 400 are communicatively connected to the data receiving unit 300, and are configured to transmit the recorded preset intracavitary cardiac electrical parameters to the data receiving unit 300. Specifically, the preset intracavitary electrocardiographic parameters include pacing frequency, pacing pulse amplitude and width, and sensing sensitivity, and in addition, may also include impedance, detection sensitivity, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the implantable pacemaker 400 and the data receiving unit 300 may be connected by radio frequency, for example, the implantable pacemaker 400 and the data receiving unit 300 in the program controller are connected by wireless telemetry, and the specific connection manner is not described again, which refers to the prior art.
In another embodiment, implantable pacemaker 400 is coupled to data receiving unit 300 via a programming probe 500. For example, the probe 500 of the programming device is connected to the data receiving unit 300 through a data line, when in use, the programming probe 500 is placed at the position closest to the implanted pacemaker 400, the parameter in the pacemaker 400 is acquired through the programming probe 500, and then the parameter is transmitted to the data receiving unit 300, so as to play a role in data transmission.
In an embodiment, the data receiving unit 100, the data processing unit 200 and the determining unit 300 may be integrated into one device, for example, the same program controller in fig. 4, or may be separated from each other into independent devices, which is not limited in this disclosure.
To sum up, above-mentioned type of pacing of his bundle judges system can be quick judgement present type of pacing of his bundle, on the one hand, provides powerful data for medical personnel in the art for medical personnel can be according to the feedback quick adjustment of data and confirm the position of implanting of pacemaker electrode, and then reduce the operation time. On the other hand, when the patient is followed up after operation, the system can also quickly judge whether the internal pacing electrode is stable or not and whether the internal pacing electrode is fixed in the area of the bundle of his-her teeth or not, thereby improving the inspection efficiency.
With regard to the his bundle pacing type determination system in the above-described embodiment, the specific manner in which each unit performs the operation has been described in detail in the embodiment related to the method, and will not be explained in detail here.
It should be noted that although in the above detailed description several units of the device for action execution are mentioned, this division is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more units described above may be embodied in one unit, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of units. Some or all of the elements can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the disclosed solution. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for judging the type of Hi-beam pacing, comprising the steps of:
receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
and judging the type of the Hig bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
2. The method for determining his bundle pacing type according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining his bundle pacing type by analyzing the near-field potential morphology in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak-reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram further comprises:
and when the initial potential of the near field is positive, the near field peak reaching time is more than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-125ms, determining that the patient is the selective Hill bundle pacing.
3. The method for determining his bundle pacing type according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining his bundle pacing type by analyzing the near-field potential morphology in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak-reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram further comprises:
and when the initial potential of the near field is negative, the near field peak reaching time is more than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is more than 115-125ms, determining that the patient is the non-selective Hill bundle pacing.
4. The method for determining the type of his bundle pacing according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in the step of receiving preset intracavitary electrical cardiac parameters, the preset intracavitary electrical cardiac parameters include pacing frequency, pacing pulse amplitude and width, and sensing sensitivity.
5. A his bundle pacing type determining system, comprising:
the data receiving unit is used for receiving preset intracavitary electrocardio parameters;
the data processing unit is used for forming a near-field electrocardiogram and a far-field electrocardiogram according to the intracavitary electrocardiogram parameters;
and the judging unit is used for judging the type of the Hill bundle pacing by analyzing the near-field potential form in the near-field electrocardiogram, the near-field peak reaching time and the far-field QRS interval in the far-field electrocardiogram.
6. The his bundle pacing type determining system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the determining unit further comprises a first sub-determining unit, the first sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is positive, the near field peak time is greater than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is less than 115-125ms, and then determines that the patient is the selective his bundle pacing.
7. The his bundle pacing type determining system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the determining unit further comprises a second sub-determining unit, the second sub-determining unit determines that the initial potential of the near field is negative, the near field peak time is greater than 35-45ms and the far field QRS interval is greater than 115-125ms, and determines that the patient is non-selective his bundle pacing.
8. The his bundle pacing type determining system according to any one of claims 5-7, further comprising an implantable pacemaker communicatively connected to the data receiving unit for transmitting the recorded preset intracavitary cardiac electrical parameters to the data receiving unit.
9. The his bundle pacing type determining system according to claim 8, wherein the implantable pacemaker is connected to the data receiving unit via a wireless radio frequency.
10. The his bundle pacing type determining system according to claim 8, wherein the implantable pacemaker is connected to the data receiving unit via a programmable probe.
CN202010157142.4A 2020-03-09 2020-03-09 Method and system for judging type of his bundle pacing Pending CN111281374A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080319500A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-12-25 Qingsheng Zhu Systems, Devices and Methods Relating to Endocardial Pacing for Resynchronization
US20190111265A1 (en) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-18 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing device for his bundle and bundle branch pacing
US20190126040A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for correcting cardiac conduction abnormality using his-bundle pacing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080319500A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-12-25 Qingsheng Zhu Systems, Devices and Methods Relating to Endocardial Pacing for Resynchronization
US20190111265A1 (en) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-18 Medtronic, Inc. Leadless pacing device for his bundle and bundle branch pacing
US20190126040A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-02 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems and methods for correcting cardiac conduction abnormality using his-bundle pacing
WO2019089510A1 (en) * 2017-11-02 2019-05-09 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Systems for his-bundle pacing

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Application publication date: 20200616