CN111280327A - 一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280327A CN111280327A CN202010091110.9A CN202010091110A CN111280327A CN 111280327 A CN111280327 A CN 111280327A CN 202010091110 A CN202010091110 A CN 202010091110A CN 111280327 A CN111280327 A CN 111280327A
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Classifications
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- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料及其制备方法，属于动物营养技术领域。所述饲料含有：玉米、膨化玉米、膨化大豆、膨化大米、乳清粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、有机微量元素预混剂、甲酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、食盐、氯化胆碱、复合维生素预混剂、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、脱霉剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、甜味剂、香味剂。本发明断奶仔猪配合饲料通过膨化玉米、膨化大米、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、复合酶制剂、复合微生态制剂的使用，增强了断奶仔猪的肠道抵抗能力，提高断奶仔猪对配合饲料消化率，加强了断奶仔猪营养物质摄入，全面提高断奶仔猪的免疫力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物营养技术领域，具体涉及一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前我国生猪养殖中仔猪断奶较早。仔猪断奶初期由母猪液体状的母乳向固体饲料转变，断奶仔猪机体本身的消化酶及肠道消化吸收***都没有完全发育成熟，再加上养殖环境的影响，很容易造成仔猪断奶初期采食量低、营养物质摄入不足、抵抗力差、腹泻率高等问题发生。断奶后仔猪腹泻会造成仔猪生长发育缓慢，严重的会使仔猪体重减轻，自身免疫力降低，从而使仔猪容易被各种致病菌感染发生疾病，使肉猪出栏上市时间延长，给养猪产业带来很大的损失。
断奶仔猪腹泻的原因主要有以下几个方面：（一）较早断奶的仔猪由于日龄较小，自身的消化吸收***发育不完善，胃分泌胃酸能力较弱，机体中各种消化酶分泌不足且消化酶活力较差，使饲料中的各种营养物质不能被充分消化吸收而引起营养吸收性腹泻；（二）仔猪断奶饲料中存在一些抗营养因子和过敏性因子，仔猪断奶后，肠道中的肠绒毛变短，肠道防御功能降低，导致仔猪吸收能力变差，易受到饲料中抗营养因子和过敏性因子的刺激而引发腹泻；（三）由于采食物质不同，断奶后仔猪肠道微生物环境要重新建立，这段时期易造成仔猪肠道中有益微生物减少，有害微生物增多，肠道微生物环境不平衡而引发腹泻。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决仔猪断奶初期易发生腹泻的问题，提供一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料及其制备方法，该配合饲料用于仔猪断奶后前两周，能有效缓解断奶应激，促进仔猪肠道发育，预防仔猪断奶过程中产生的腹泻。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米90-130公斤、膨化玉米120-180公斤、膨化大豆70-90公斤、膨化大米200-280公斤、乳清粉80-100公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白20-50公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉30-60公斤、脱脂奶粉100-150公斤、蔗糖20-40公斤、柠檬酸8-12公斤、复合酸化剂4-7公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1-1.5公斤、甲酸钙4-6公斤、磷酸二氢钙4-6公斤、赖氨酸3-5公斤、苏氨酸1-1.2公斤、蛋氨酸1-1.2公斤、食盐1-3公斤、氯化胆碱1-2公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.3-0.5公斤、复合酶制剂1-3公斤、植物提取物0.3-0.6公斤、微生态制剂0.8-1.2公斤、脱霉剂1-2公斤、抗氧化剂0.2-0.4公斤、抗菌肽0.8-1.2公斤、甜味剂0.4-0.6公斤、香味剂0.4-0.6公斤。
一种上述的预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料的制备方法，所述方法为：先将玉米、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、膨化大豆混合，经过95℃蒸汽调制3-5分钟后制粒；再将制粒后的物料使用孔径0.8筛片进行粉碎后，与膨化玉米、膨化大米、乳清粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、有机微量元素预混剂、甲酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、食盐、氯化胆碱、复合维生素预混剂、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、脱霉剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、甜味剂、香味剂充分混合后打包成成品即可。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果为：本发明断奶仔猪配合饲料通过膨化玉米、膨化大米、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、复合酶制剂、复合微生态制剂的使用，增强了断奶仔猪的肠道抵抗能力，提高断奶仔猪对配合饲料消化率，加强了断奶仔猪营养物质摄入，全面提高断奶仔猪的免疫力。帮助仔猪肠道建立正常均衡的微生态环境，修复断奶仔猪胃肠功能，有效缓解或避免早期断奶仔猪腹泻，降低断奶仔猪的死亡率，使仔猪健康、快速生长，增加养殖经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修正或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之中。
本发明部分配料、工艺在本饲料中发挥的主要作用：膨化玉米：玉米经高温、高压膨化后，具有一定的膨化玉米香味，有效促进断奶仔猪采食。膨化玉米的淀粉糊化度达到80%以上，消化吸收率明显高于普通玉米。
柠檬酸与复合酸化剂的配合使用：柠檬酸和复合酸化剂的使用能弥补断奶仔猪胃酸分泌不足的问题，调控动物肠道微生物平衡、增殖有益菌、抑制有害菌、降低肠道pH值、提高消化道酶活性、提高营养物质消化率、减慢胃排空速度、提高动物抗应激和免疫力等方面的功能。
复合酶制剂：复合酶制剂的添加提高了日粮中淀粉、粗纤维、蛋白质等营养物质在十二指肠和回肠前部的消化吸收率，避免了过多未消化的营养物质进入肠道后部发酵，产生有毒、有害物质，降低断奶仔猪腹泻率，提高饲料转化率、减少环境污染。
抗菌肽：抗菌肽能有效杀灭大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等肠道致病菌，从而有效的预防断奶仔猪因大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等有害菌引起的腹泻。
微生态制剂：提供多种益生菌和益生元，调节动物肠道菌群平衡，促进动物机体免疫器官发育、分化与成熟，提高动物机体免疫力，促进生长、提高饲料利用率等功能。
植物提取物：增强断奶仔猪免疫力、抗菌、抗氧化、调控代谢、预防腹泻等多方面的功能特性，促进了断奶仔猪的健康和生长。
高温制粒工艺：通过高温制粒，将玉米、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、膨化大豆进行熟化，提高原料的消化吸收利用率，杀灭细菌，减少原料中的毒素、抗营养因子、过敏性因子等，降低断奶仔猪的腹泻发生率。
具体实施方式一：本实施方式记载的是一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米90-130公斤、膨化玉米120-180公斤、膨化大豆70-90公斤、膨化大米200-280公斤、乳清粉80-100公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白20-50公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉30-60公斤、脱脂奶粉100-150公斤、蔗糖20-40公斤、柠檬酸8-12公斤、复合酸化剂4-7公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1-1.5公斤、甲酸钙4-6公斤、磷酸二氢钙4-6公斤、赖氨酸3-5公斤、苏氨酸1-1.2公斤、蛋氨酸1-1.2公斤、食盐1-3公斤、氯化胆碱1-2公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.3-0.5公斤、复合酶制剂1-3公斤、植物提取物0.3-0.6公斤、微生态制剂0.8-1.2公斤、脱霉剂1-2公斤、抗氧化剂0.2-0.4公斤、抗菌肽0.8-1.2公斤、甜味剂0.4-0.6公斤、香味剂0.4-0.6公斤。
具体实施方式二：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米120公斤、膨化玉米155.8公斤、膨化大豆80公斤、膨化大米250公斤、乳清粉90公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白40公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉50公斤、脱脂奶粉140公斤、蔗糖30公斤、柠檬酸10公斤、复合酸化剂6公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1.5公斤、甲酸钙5公斤、磷酸二氢钙5公斤、赖基酸4公斤、苏氨酸1公斤、蛋氨酸1公斤、食盐2公斤、氯化胆碱1.5公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.4公斤、复合酶制剂2公斤、植物提取物0.5公斤、微生态制剂1公斤、脱霉剂1公斤、抗氧化剂0.3公斤、抗菌肽1公斤、甜味剂0.5公斤、香味剂0.5公斤。
具体实施方式三：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述膨化玉米是将玉米经过3～8MPa的高压和100-130℃高温挤压膨化后，使淀粉熟化，并将膨化后的玉米使用0.8孔径筛片粉碎，提高玉米的消化吸收率。
具体实施方式四：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述复合酸化剂按照重量百分含量由5%甲酸钙、30%乳酸、30%磷酸、20%柠檬酸、15%葡萄糖混合而成。
具体实施方式五：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述有机微量元素预混剂每1kg包括45~110mg的铁元素，3.8~9.6mg的锰元素，5.5~13.5mg的铜元素，1500~2000mg的锌元素，0.1~0.5mg的硒元素，0.2~0.8mg的碘元素，0.1~0.8mg 的铬元素。
具体实施方式六：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述复合维生素预混剂每1kg包括5000~75000IU的维生素A，220~850IU的维生素D3，150~600IU的维生素E，80~500mg的维生素K3，15~75mg的维生素B1，25~130mg的维生素B2，70~350mg的维生素B6，0.8~35mg的维生素B12，25~140mg的叶酸，12~75mg的生物素，55~200mg的烟酸和15~80mg的泛酸钙。
具体实施方式七：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述复合酶制剂每1kg包括蛋白酶6000~9000U/g、淀粉酶9000~16000U/g、纤维素酶8500~20000U/g、木聚糖酶4500~7000U/g、葡聚糖酶2500~ 4500U/g、植酸酶2000~5000U/g。
具体实施方式八：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述植物提取物按照重量百分含量由黄芪提取物20%、乌梅提取物10%、金银花提取物25%、干姜提取物20%、载体25%混合而成。
具体实施方式九：具体实施方式一所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌、乳酸菌和低聚木糖混合而成。
具体实施方式十：一种具体实施方式一至九任一具体实施方式所述的预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料的制备方法，所述方法为：先将玉米、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、膨化大豆混合，经过95℃蒸汽调制3-5分钟后制粒；再将制粒后的物料使用孔径0.8筛片进行粉碎后，与膨化玉米、膨化大米、乳清粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、有机微量元素预混剂、甲酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、食盐、氯化胆碱、复合维生素预混剂、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、脱霉剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、甜味剂、香味剂充分混合后打包成成品即可。
实施例1：
一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米120公斤、膨化玉米155.8公斤、膨化大豆80公斤、膨化大米250公斤、乳清粉90公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白40公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉50公斤、脱脂奶粉140公斤、蔗糖30公斤、柠檬酸10公斤、复合酸化剂6公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1.5公斤、甲酸钙5公斤、磷酸二氢钙5公斤、赖基酸4公斤、苏氨酸1公斤、蛋氨酸1公斤、食盐2公斤、氯化胆碱1.5公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.4公斤、复合酶制剂2公斤、植物提取物0.5公斤、微生态制剂1公斤、脱霉剂1公斤、抗氧化剂0.3公斤、抗菌肽1公斤、甜味剂0.5公斤、香味剂0.5公斤。所述方法为：先将玉米、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、膨化大豆混合，经过95℃蒸汽调制3-5分钟后制粒；再将制粒后的物料使用孔径0.8筛片进行粉碎后，与膨化玉米、膨化大米、乳清粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、有机微量元素预混剂、甲酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、食盐、氯化胆碱、复合维生素预混剂、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、脱霉剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、甜味剂、香味剂充分混合后打包成成品即可。
产品应用地点：黑龙江哈尔滨市五家子镇养猪场
时间：2019年3月——2019年4月
产品饲喂试验：选择28日龄左右的断奶仔猪40头，要求品种一致、体重相似、健康无病。随机分成两组，1组（试验组）、2组（对照组）。断奶当天开始饲喂，饲喂期14天。试验组饲喂实施例1制备的饲料，对照组按照现有方式进行饲喂。试验期间自由采食，提供充足洁净的饮水。保证栏舍清洁卫生，定期对猪舍及饲槽消毒。疾病的防治与保健按猪场实际情况进行。
试验测定指标
生长性能指标：每栏初重、末重，计算每栏日均采食量。
腹泻指标：腹泻猪头数。
表1本发明配合饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响表
从表1可以看出，试验组每天每头采食量较对照组提高26克，试验组腹泻率比对照组明显降低，本发明对断奶仔猪抗腹泻效果改善明显。
Claims (10)
1.一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米90-130公斤、膨化玉米120-180公斤、膨化大豆70-90公斤、膨化大米200-280公斤、乳清粉80-100公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白20-50公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉30-60公斤、脱脂奶粉100-150公斤、蔗糖20-40公斤、柠檬酸8-12公斤、复合酸化剂4-7公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1-1.5公斤、甲酸钙4-6公斤、磷酸二氢钙4-6公斤、赖氨酸3-5公斤、苏氨酸1-1.2公斤、蛋氨酸1-1.2公斤、食盐1-3公斤、氯化胆碱1-2公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.3-0.5公斤、复合酶制剂1-3公斤、植物提取物0.3-0.6公斤、微生态制剂0.8-1.2公斤、脱霉剂1-2公斤、抗氧化剂0.2-0.4公斤、抗菌肽0.8-1.2公斤、甜味剂0.4-0.6公斤、香味剂0.4-0.6公斤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述饲料按照重量份含有：玉米120公斤、膨化玉米155.8公斤、膨化大豆80公斤、膨化大米250公斤、乳清粉90公斤、大豆浓缩蛋白40公斤、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉50公斤、脱脂奶粉140公斤、蔗糖30公斤、柠檬酸10公斤、复合酸化剂6公斤、有机微量元素预混剂1.5公斤、甲酸钙5公斤、磷酸二氢钙5公斤、赖基酸4公斤、苏氨酸1公斤、蛋氨酸1公斤、食盐2公斤、氯化胆碱1.5公斤、复合维生素预混剂0.4公斤、复合酶制剂2公斤、植物提取物0.5公斤、微生态制剂1公斤、脱霉剂1公斤、抗氧化剂0.3公斤、抗菌肽1公斤、甜味剂0.5公斤、香味剂0.5公斤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述膨化玉米是将玉米经过3～8MPa的高压和100-130℃高温挤压膨化后，使淀粉熟化，并将膨化后的玉米使用0.8孔径筛片粉碎，提高玉米的消化吸收率。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述复合酸化剂按照重量百分含量由5%甲酸钙、30%乳酸、30%磷酸、20%柠檬酸、15%葡萄糖混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述有机微量元素预混剂每1kg包括45~110mg的铁元素，3.8~9.6mg的锰元素，5.5~13.5mg的铜元素，1500~2000mg的锌元素，0.1~0.5mg的硒元素，0.2~0.8mg的碘元素，0.1~0.8mg 的铬元素。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述复合维生素预混剂每1kg包括5000~75000IU的维生素A，220~850IU的维生素D3，150~600IU的维生素E，80~500mg的维生素K3，15~75mg的维生素B1，25~130mg的维生素B2，70~350mg的维生素B6，0.8~35mg的维生素B12，25~140mg的叶酸，12~75mg的生物素，55~200mg的烟酸和15~80mg的泛酸钙。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述复合酶制剂每1kg包括蛋白酶6000~9000U/g、淀粉酶9000~16000U/g、纤维素酶8500~20000U/g、木聚糖酶4500~7000U/g、葡聚糖酶2500~ 4500U/g、植酸酶2000~5000U/g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述植物提取物按照重量百分含量由黄芪提取物20%、乌梅提取物10%、金银花提取物25%、干姜提取物20%、载体25%混合而成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料，其特征在于：所述微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌、乳酸菌和低聚木糖混合而成。
10.一种权利要求1~9任一权利要求所述的预防断奶仔猪腹泻的配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法为：先将玉米、秘鲁超级蒸汽鱼粉、膨化大豆混合，经过95℃蒸汽调制3-5分钟后制粒；再将制粒后的物料使用孔径0.8筛片进行粉碎后，与膨化玉米、膨化大米、乳清粉、大豆浓缩蛋白、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、有机微量元素预混剂、甲酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、食盐、氯化胆碱、复合维生素预混剂、复合酶制剂、植物提取物、微生态制剂、脱霉剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、甜味剂、香味剂充分混合后打包成成品即可。
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