CN111280135A - Environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device of rutting formula - Google Patents
Environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device of rutting formula Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
- A01K79/02—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery by electrocution
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Abstract
A rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device is characterized in that the front part is a fishing semi-boat with running ruts on two sides, the rear part is a collecting bag net and a drop-shaped buoy, the middle of a bow nose is a towing position, and cables are arranged along with towing cables. An attitude and depth sensing system and a control system are encapsulated in the device, an inert grid electrode is arranged in the center of the front part of the lower shell surface, and an arc-shaped dome inclined surface is arranged behind the inert grid electrode and leads to a collecting bag net. The optimized tumbler has the characteristic of a tumbler, the upper shell surface and the lower shell surface are asymmetric, the upper shell surface protrudes a little, the tumbler sinks to the bottom, but has a floating trend during movement, and the tumbler is approximately suspended above the water bottom during fishing operation. The electric field condition and escape parameters for forcing the target animals to escape are measured in advance and input into the control system by the upper computer, so that a specific disturbing electric field is generated, and the target benthonic animals are forced to be frightened and fall into the collecting sac net to be captured. The invention has little direct action with water bottom during operation, does not damage benthic ecological environment, is green and environment-friendly, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic product fishing engineering equipment and technology, and relates to a rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device.
Background
Many species of aquatic benthonic animals have high food and economic value, such as corbicula fluminea, benthonic crustaceans, various clams, scallops, and the like. People have a long history of catching and eating such animals, and have a record of eating benthic shellfish since the beginning of the original society. However, for thousands of years, the principle and process of catching benthonic animals has not been greatly improved and improved, and basically, the method is to separate and capture target animals from the substrate of a water area. The benthic economic animals in the water area can be roughly divided into two categories, namely those with motion capability and those without good motion capability. For benthonic animals without good motor ability or benthonic animals with weak motor ability, such as some clams, a good capturing method is not available, and generally, the target animals are dug together with the substrate of the water area and then separated by sieving and the like to obtain the target animals, and tools of the capturing method comprise a harrowing net, a clam sucking pump and the like. Obviously, the digging three-ruler type catching mode is extremely large in damage to the benthic environment of the water area, and is not advocated.
The benthonic animals with certain movement ability are relatively easy to handle, and can be trapped by forcing the benthonic animals to be frightened from the water body substrate in a certain frightening way and escape from the substrate. In contrast, the catching mode does not need to be as big as the digging three-ruler type catching process, and the influence on the substrate environment of the water area is slightly smaller. Most commonly, for the fishing of marine benthic scallops, the scallops have the ability to move and are easily frightened to fly from the bottom of the water. Various scallop disturbing and catching devices are designed according to the habits, and comprise various designs of high-pressure water flow stimulation, a disturbing rod, an iron chain, a plastic pipe, a roller, elastic teeth, a rubber disturbing plate and the like. Then the scallop disturbing devices with different designs are superposed and arranged at proper positions in front of the mouth of the fishing trawl, so that the scallop is disturbed and flies up by the disturbing devices before the trawl arrives and falls into the trawl behind.
In the existing design of various benthic scallop frightening and catching trawls, no matter high-pressure water flow stimulation or other frightening modes are physical stimulation frightening modes, and the benthic scallop can be frightened and caught by combining the catching trawls only by directly disturbing and destroying the benthic environment in a water area. The production process generally pulls the trawl by the ship, and the trawl comb-shaped trawl at the seabed, and no corner is left. The land is reached, the land is thoroughly and transversely swept as withered and decayed, is not inferior to a submarine landslide event, and is almost a top-dead disaster for small benthos. Although the interference degree of the physical disturbing trawl fishing to the bottom environment of the water area is slightly less than that of the three-foot type fishing method of digging the ground, the sweeping troop does not have a difference fishing process like a mat, the interference and the damage to the bottom environment of the water area are still huge, and the bottom ecosystem of the water area can be completely recovered for a long time. In addition, the bottom trawl fishing mode of all the cross-scanning has the defects of large resistance of the substrate, high energy consumption, high cost and the like because the disturbing process directly interacts with the substrate of the water area, and the physical disturbing mode can directly damage the target capture organisms and reduce the quality of the captured objects.
In order to solve the above situation, the invention innovatively provides a non-direct contact type benthonic animal disturbing mode, namely, an electric stimulation mode is adopted to drive benthonic organisms out of the sea bottom and further capture the benthonic organisms. Therefore, the electric stimulation benthonic animal disturbing mode provided by the invention emits proper electric field pulse at a certain distance from the substrate of the water area to force benthonic organisms to actively escape and be captured, has a series of advantages of good disturbing effect, no direct contact with the substrate of the water area, small interference to the benthonic ecological environment, small net resistance and the like, and has good practical value. The non-direct contact type frightening catching mode with the water area substrate provided by the invention reduces the interference and damage to the benthic environment of the water area, reduces the resistance and energy consumption of the netting gear, improves the quality of the captured objects, belongs to a novel environment-friendly technology with energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the conventional physical disturbing mode in the existing benthonic animal catching mode has poor effect, damages benthonic ecological environment, has high energy consumption, influences the quality of captured objects and the like, and provides a novel environment-friendly benthonic animal disturbing and driving mode, namely a non-direct contact type electric stimulation disturbing and catching device is adopted, so that the invention has the advantages of small environmental damage, low energy consumption and the like, and is suitable for the catching operation of aquatic benthonic animals with motion capability, such as scallops and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rutting type environment-friendly water area benthonic animal fishing device comprises a fishing semi-boat, an inert grid electrode, an attitude sensing gyroscope, a collecting bag net, a water drop streamline suspension buoy, a control system, an attitude control propeller, a depth sounding sonar probe, a towing cable, an accompanying cable, an upper computer and a fishing ship.
The fishing half-boat is a half-submarine with running tracks on two sides, the fishing half-boat stops above the water bottom when not working and freely stands still, and the fishing half-boat is shaped like a half-submarine device with running tracks on two sides and a collecting bag net at the rear part. The rear part of the fishing semi-boat is connected with a collecting bag net, and the water drop streamline suspension buoy connected with the collecting bag net is suspended in a water body; the middle position of the bow nose of the fishing semi-boat is connected with a fishing ship on the water surface through a towing rope, the towing rope only bears the pulling force of towing operation, a cable for power supply and signal transmission is arranged along with the towing rope, and an upper computer of a control system of the fishing device is positioned on the fishing ship; the control system, the attitude sensing gyroscope and the depth finding sonar probe of the fishing device are arranged in the fishing semi-boat, the upper shell and the lower shell of the fishing semi-boat are asymmetrical, and the upper shell protrudes more, so that upward pressure is generated in a water body during dragging movement to force the fishing device to float upwards; the four attitude control propellers are symmetrically distributed around the fishing semi-boat, and feed back, adjust and control the attitude of the fishing device together with the attitude sensing gyroscope and the control system, so that the vertical upward resultant force applied to the fishing device during operation is equal to the gravity of the fishing device, and the whole fishing device is suspended above the water bottom; the inert grid-shaped electrode is positioned in the middle of the lower part of the boat bow of the fishing semi-boat, and then the inert grid-shaped electrode is led to the inlet of the collecting bag net through the arch-shaped gradually-transitional lower abdomen vault inclined plane of the fishing semi-boat; the inert grid electrode, the attitude sensing gyroscope, the attitude control propeller and the depth sounding sonar probe are all connected with a control system, and the control system is connected with an upper computer; electric field excitation parameters and operation parameters of the catching device are detected and then input into a control system of the catching device through an upper computer after an electrophysiology experiment of the benthonic animals to be caught is carried out, and then the catching operation process of the catching device is regulated and controlled.
According to the invention, through the design of the shell of the fishing device and the optimization of the counterweight, the overall density of the fishing device is slightly larger than that of water, the center of stability of the fishing device is above the gravity center in a suspension state, and the distance is not less than 30 cm; when the fishing device is interfered and difficult to automatically recover to the normal posture, the control system receives the posture abnormal data of the posture sensing gyroscope, and the propeller is controlled by combining the posture to actively adjust so as to force the fishing device to recover to the normal posture.
The attitude control propellers of the invention adopt variable frequency control, the rotating speed, the steering and the output power of each propeller can be independently adjusted and are controlled by a control system.
The parameter setting of the pulse electric field excited by the inert grid electrode needs to be obtained through an electrophysiological detection experiment of the benthonic animal to be captured, and the specific process is as follows: first, to determine the parameters of the electric field that may be disturbing to the target animal, the animal's response to the electric field can be roughly classified into several classes: the paralytic state and the electric shock lethality can be recovered after no feeling, feeling and tolerance are realized, the escape is necessary, and the feeling and the avoidance are realized. The fishing device adopts a direct-current pulse electric field, electric field parameters in a third state, namely electric field parameters capable of disturbing the electric shock of the target animal to escape, are required to be tested in advance, are called as a disturbing electric field, and comprise four parameters of voltage, pulse width, frequency and action distance, wherein the four parameters are respectively set as v volt/cm, t millisecond, h hertz and L centimeter. The electric field used is prevented from shocking the target animal to the extent of paralytic coma. And then, testing the movement ability of the target animal by using the acquired disturbing electric field parameters in the third state, wherein the parameters comprise three main parameters of average distance, speed and height of movement escape of the target animal after being disturbed by electric shock, and the parameters are respectively set as m centimeters, w meters per second and n centimeters. And finally, designing or adjusting the function of the catching device according to the parameters obtained by testing, and inputting relevant parameters of the disturbing electric field, the escape height and the like of the target animal into a control system of the catching device through an upper computer of the catching device so as to control the operation of the catching device.
Setting the width of an inert grid electrode in the fishing device to be p cm, and setting the front-back distance between the inert grid electrode and the rear half collecting bag net inlet to be less than m cm, wherein the width of the collecting bag net inlet is more than p +2m cm; the distance between the inert grid electrode and the water bottom is not more than L cm. Namely, after the target animal to be fished is frightened by the frightened electric field, the transverse movement is difficult to escape out of the collecting sac net, and the forward and backward movement must fall into the collecting sac net. The position of the grid-shaped inert electrode can be adjusted in the vertical direction, the distance between the inert grid-shaped electrode and the water bottom is not more than L cm when fishing operation is carried out, and the inert grid-shaped electrode is set and adjusted by a control system through an upper computer.
The minimum one between the action distance L cm of the disturbing electric field and the average height n cm of the target animal escaping after being disturbed by the disturbing electric field is taken as the height control distance between the lower shell surface and the seabed of the fishing device in the actual fishing operation and is renamed to be the height control distance q cm, then the height of the side skirt of the running rut of the fishing device is not more than q cm, and the operation parameters of a control system of the fishing device are set as follows: inputting the voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond, the frequency h Hz, the action distance L cm, the escape speed w m/s of the target animal, the height control distance q cm and the running rut side skirt height of the direct current pulse disturbing electric field into a control system through an upper computer, so that the height of the inert grid-shaped electrode from the water bottom can be controlled to be not more than L cm, the disturbing electric field with the voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond and the frequency h Hz can be generated, the fishing device is kept in a suspension state, the height of the lower shell surface of the fishing semi-boat from the water bottom is controlled to be not more than q cm, and the fishing operation is carried out on the water bottom at the speed of not less than 2w m/s; therefore, the target benthonic animals frightened by the frightening electric field of the fishing device can escape in any direction of the front direction, the back direction, the left direction and the right direction, and can fall into the collecting sac net along the bellied slope of the lower abdomen of the fishing boat and be captured.
When the height from the water bottom is obviously lower than the height of the side skirt of the driving rut of the fishing device when the control capability of the attitude control propeller is exceeded after the collecting bag net captures enough target animals, the control system sends a fishing operation signal to the upper computer and stops fishing operation when the driving rut is sunk into sludge on the water bottom, the fishing device is lifted by a net lifting machine of a fishing ship, and the next fishing operation is started after the captured objects in the collecting bag net are emptied. When the excitation of the disturbing electric field needs to be started or stopped or the fishing device needs to be lifted, the upper computer sends a corresponding action signal to the control system, the excitation of the disturbing electric field is started or stopped, and the attitude is controlled to control whether the propeller rotates, rotate speed and turn.
The running ruts are characterized in that two rows of parts for the integral fishing device to run under water are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the ventral surface of the running ruts, and the integral fishing device is supported by bearing when the running ruts are static. May be one of a wheeled, tracked, and ski type. For simplicity, a ski-type running track is preferred. To reduce the frictional resistance between the fishing device and the water bed, a wheel-track or crawler-type travelling track is preferred. When the fishing device works, the fishing device is basically in a state close to a suspension state, has small frictional resistance with the water bottom, and preferably selects a sledge type running track.
The invention relates to a catch collecting bag net at the rear half part of a catching device, which is a bag net with an opening connected with the rear part of a half boat of the catching device. The collecting bag net has a rigid supporting skeleton and can be maintained in a substantially cylindrical or rectangular parallelepiped shape. The rear end of the collecting bag net is suspended in the water body by a water drop streamline suspension buoy, so that the collecting bag net is kept not to be contacted with the water bottom. After the grid-shaped electrode on the lower belly of the half-boat is caught, the arc-shaped gradually-transitional dome inclined surface is formed, and the dome inclined surface leads to the net port of the collecting sac net at the rear part of the half-boat, namely, the target benthonic animals naturally fall into the collecting sac net along the transitional dome inclined surface after being frightened by the frightened electric field. The inside control system, the gesture perception gyroscope, the depth finding sonar probe that set up the device of catching of half a ship of catching adopts static sealed waterproof design, and the shell adopts anticorrosive withstand voltage stainless steel material or macromolecular material, and four attitude control screw distribute around half a ship of catching symmetrically, and the rotational speed of each screw, turn to and output all can be adjusted alone, and the shell, the screw motor and the circuit waterproof ability of catching half a ship are not less than 100 meters's depth of water. The middle position in the front of the bow nose of the fishing semi-boat is a towing point of a towing cable.
The inert grid-shaped electrode is an inert grid-shaped graphite electrode, and the arrangement of horizontal tandem electrodes is adopted, so that each pair of electrodes can provide a target animal disturbing electric field of v volts/cm, t milliseconds and h hertz. The position of the grid-shaped inert electrode can be adjusted in the vertical direction, and the inert grid-shaped electrode is set and regulated by the control system through the upper computer, so that the height of the inert grid-shaped electrode from the water bottom is not more than L cm.
The equipment of the invention stops above the water bottom when not working and freely stands still, is shaped like a half submarine device with a collecting bag net at the rear part of the running rut at two sides, when the whole catching device is dragged by a towing ship to carry out catching operation, the catching device generates upward floating acting force due to movement and the combined action of the attitude control propeller, so that the resultant force of the vertical upward acting force applied to the catching device is exactly balanced with the gravity thereof, and the running rut at two sides is in a state of being slightly contacted with the water bottom and being close to being suspended above the water bottom, and does not generate oppression and other effects on the water bottom, thereby having little interference on benthic environment during the catching operation. The shape of the front half part of the fishing device is similar to that of the front half part of a submarine with running tracks on two sides, the fishing device is called as a fishing half boat, but the streamline shell is asymmetric from top to bottom, the shape of the upper half part is more convex relative to the lower half part, and the fishing device is optimally designed through computational fluid mechanics. Therefore, the flow velocity of the water flow bypassing the upper and lower streamline shells of the fishing semi-boat is different, the flow velocity of the water flow flowing through the upper streamline shell is larger, the upward pressure difference exists between the upper and lower parts of the fishing semi-boat according to the Bernoulli principle, and the whole fishing device is forced to have the upward floating movement tendency after being dragged by the ship.
The attitude sensing gyroscope detects the attitude of the fishing device, transmits attitude data to the control system and feeds the attitude data back to the upper computer, and combines the four propellers of the attitude control propeller to adjust the attitude of the whole fishing device so as to avoid the overturning or excessive inclination of the whole fishing device. The depth measurement sonar probe detects the actual distance from the lower ventral surface of the captured semi-boat to the seabed, and the distance from the lower ventral surface of the captured semi-boat to the seabed is actually the height of the running rut side skirt, and the height is set to be f cm. And taking the minimum one between the action distance L cm of the disturbing electric field and the average height n cm of the target animal escaping after being disturbed by the electric field as the height control distance between the lower shell surface of the fishing device and the seabed during the actual fishing operation, and renaming the distance to be the height control distance q cm to ensure that f is less than q. During fishing operation, under normal conditions, the distance between the lower ventral surface of the fishing semi-boat and the seabed is f cm of the side skirt height of the running rut. If the fishing device is occasionally floated off the water bottom due to interference of other factors, the depth sounding sonar probe detects the distance between the lower abdominal surface and the sea bottom of the fishing semi-boat, the four attitude control propellers are combined, and the distance between the lower abdominal surface and the sea bottom of the fishing semi-boat is not more than the height control distance q cm under the feedback adjustment of the control system. In other words, it is ensured that the target animal can be startled away by the startling electric field and must fall into the collecting sac. During the fishing operation, the dragging operation speed of the fishing device is not less than 2 times of the escape speed of the target animal, namely not less than 2w meters per second. That is, even if the target animal is disturbed and escapes forward, it must fall into the collecting sac.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the distance between the lower abdomen of the device and the water bottom is not more than f cm, and the device is dragged above the water bottom in a suspension state at a speed of not less than 2w m/s, the target benthonic animals are driven by the disturbing electric field, escape and jump away from the water area substrate, and fall into the collecting bag net along the arched slope of the lower abdomen of the fishing semi-boat. In the fishing process, except that the running tracks on the two sides slightly touch the water bottom, the whole fishing device has no other direct contact positions with the water bottom of the water area, so that the serious physical direct interference and damage to the bottom of the water area are not generated, the environment of the bottom of the water area is well protected, and the fishing device is very environment-friendly. Moreover, the disturbing electric field excitation system can be adjusted according to the difference of the species and the size of the target animals, so that some species and specific size of benthonic animals can be selectively caught. In general, the tolerance of animals to environmental factors is regulated by the fact that larvae are more tolerant than adults, thereby increasing survival and population persistence of the larvae. With no exception to the frightening electric field, the condition of the electric field which can usually disturb the escape of the adult animal is usually tolerated by the young animal, and the movement ability of the young animal is weak, and even if the electric field is disturbed, the young animal is not enough to jump to the height captured by the collecting sac net. That is, by proper selection and setting of parameters of the disturbing electric field, the catching device of the invention can catch large and small, and has the characteristic of environmental friendliness. Therefore, the catching device is an environment-friendly catching device, greatly reduces interference and damage to the substrate environment of the water area, selectively catches the target benthonic animal population, and is beneficial to development and utilization of the benthonic production capacity of the water area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device designed by the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1 bottom, 2 benthic scallop, 3 inert grid electrodes, 4 scallops frightened by the frightening electric field, 5 attitude perception gyroscopes, 6 ruts of going, 7 capture the abdomen vault inclined plane under the half boat, 8 collect the bag net entry, 9 collect the bag net, 10 streamlined suspension floats of water droplet, 11 the surface of water, 12 control system, 13 attitude control screw, 14 sounding sonar probe, 15 capture the first half shell face that the half boat is more protruding to optimize, 16 tow hawser and accompanying cable, 17 the host computer, 18 capture boats and ships.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings that illustrate specific embodiments of the invention.
The invention relates to a rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal catching device, the front half part of which is similar to a half submarine with running ruts 6 and is called as a catching half submarine, and the rear half part of which consists of a collecting bag net 9 and a water-drop streamline suspension buoy 10 which are connected at the rear part of the catching half submarine. The whole fishing device stops above the water bottom 1 by the support of the running track 6 when not in work and freely stands still, and comprises a water drop streamline suspension buoy 10, a collecting bag net 9, an attitude sensing gyroscope 5, a depth sounding sonar probe 14, a control system 12, an attitude control propeller 13, a towing cable, a following cable 16 and an inert grid electrode 3.
The upper half part of the fishing semi-boat is asymmetric with the lower half part of the streamline shell, after the optimized design, the streamline shell of the shell surface 15 of the upper half part of the fishing semi-boat protrudes a little, so that when the fishing semi-boat is dragged, the flow velocity of the upper surface is larger relative to the flow velocity of the lower surface, an upward pressure difference is generated on the upper surface relative to the lower surface, and the fishing semi-boat is forced to have a moving trend of floating towards the water surface. That is, the fishing device sinks to the water bottom and does not move when being static, and after moving, the fishing device has a tendency of floating to the water surface. That is, in the process of fishing, under the combined action of the control system 12 and the attitude control propeller 13, the resultant force of the vertical upward acting force on the fishing device is just balanced with the gravity thereof, and the fishing device is in a state of approximately suspending above the water bottom. The fishing device is optimized through the shell design and the balance weight, so that the whole density of the fishing device is slightly larger than water, and the fishing device has larger positive steady center height, namely the steady center is above the gravity center, and the distance is not less than 30 cm, so that the fishing device has higher stability and posture recovery capability when the fishing device is in a similar suspension state in water. That is, the fishing device has a tumbler characteristic when it is nearly suspended in water, always maintains the downward posture of the ventral surface of the fishing boat having the traveling rut 6, and always automatically restores to such a posture when it is disturbed.
The running ruts 6 of the fishing semi-boat are two rows of parts which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the ventral surface of the fishing device and are used for the fishing device to run under water, specifically one of a wheel-running type, a crawler type and a sledge type, and the whole fishing device is supported by bearing when the fishing device is static. For simplicity, a ski type running rut 6 is preferred. To reduce the frictional resistance between the fishing device and the water bed, a wheeled or tracked travelling track 6 is preferred. When the fishing device works, the fishing device is basically in a state close to a suspension state, has small frictional resistance with the water bottom, and preferably selects a sledge type running track 6.
The collecting bag net 9 has a rigid supporting skeleton and can be maintained substantially in a cylindrical or rectangular parallelepiped shape. The rear end of the collecting bag net 9 is suspended in the water body by a water drop streamline-shaped float 10, so that the collecting bag net 9 is kept not to be contacted with the water bottom. The attitude perception gyroscope 5 perceives the attitude parameters of the captured semi-boat and transmits the attitude parameters to the control system 12, and the depth sounding sonar probe 14 monitors the distance between the lower ventral surface and the water bottom of the captured semi-boat and transmits the distance to the control system 12. The control system 12 is combined with the attitude gyroscope 5 and the attitude control propeller 13, the operation of the whole fishing device is controlled according to the preset parameters of the upper computer 17, the inert grid electrode 3 is regulated and controlled to generate a disturbing electric field, and the inert grid electrode 3 is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the bow of the semi-boat to be fished. Four same attitude control propellers 13 are symmetrically arranged around the fishing boat half and are controlled by frequency conversion, and the rotating speed, the steering and the output power of each propeller can be independently adjusted and controlled by a control system 12. The control system 12 and the sensing system are installed inside the fishing semi-boat, the casing of the fishing semi-boat is made of pressure-resistant stainless steel materials or high polymer materials, and the pressure-resistant waterproof depth is 100 meters. The integral fishing device is powered by a cable arranged along with a towing cable, and the towing position of the towing cable is arranged in the middle of the bow of the fishing semi-boat.
Before the operation of the catching device, a preliminary test is firstly carried out to determine the electrophysiological parameters of the benthonic animals to be caught. The response of the target benthonic animals to the electric field is classified into the following five grades by using a direct-current pulse electric field: the paralytic state and the electric shock lethality can be recovered after no feeling, feeling and tolerance are realized, the escape is necessary, and the feeling and the avoidance are realized. Wherein, the electric field of the third grade, which is the electric field that the target benthonic animal feels and cannot tolerate to escape, is the electric field that the fishing device should adopt, called as the frightening electric field, and the four parameters of the voltage, the pulse width, the frequency and the action distance of the frightening electric field of the target benthonic animal are respectively v volt/cm, t millisecond, h hertz and L centimeter. Under the action of the disturbing electric field, the three parameters of the average distance, the speed and the height of the target benthonic animal escaping after being disturbed by electric shock are respectively m cm, w m/s and n cm. And taking the minimum one between the action distance L cm of the disturbing electric field and the average height n cm of the target animal escaping after being disturbed by the disturbing electric field as the height control distance between the lower shell surface of the fishing device and the seabed during the actual fishing operation, and renaming the minimum one as the height control distance q cm. The height of the side skirt of the driving rut 6 on the lower abdominal surface of the harvested semi-boat is smaller than the height control distance q cm, and if the actual height of the side skirt of the driving rut on the lower abdominal surface of the harvested semi-boat is f cm, f is smaller than q.
If the width of the grid-shaped inert electrode 3 is p cm, the width of the collecting bag net inlet 8 is larger than p +2m cm. The position of the grid-shaped inert electrode 3 can be adjusted in the vertical direction, the distance between the inert grid-shaped electrode 3 and the water bottom 1 is not more than L cm during fishing operation, and the inert grid-shaped electrode is set and adjusted by the control system 12 through the upper computer 17. From the grid-shaped inert electrode 3 backward, the lower belly of the fishing semi-boat is a dome inclined plane 7 with arc gradual transition, the lower belly leads to a collecting bag net inlet 8 at the rear part of the fishing semi-boat, and the front-back distance between the grid-shaped inert electrode 3 and the collecting bag net inlet 8 is less than m centimeters. The voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond, the frequency h Hz, the action distance L cm, the escape speed w m/s of the target animal, the side skirt height f cm of the traveling frog 6 and the height control distance q cm are input into the control system 12 through the upper computer 17, so that the height of the inert grid-shaped electrode 3 from the water bottom 1 can be controlled to be not more than L cm, the frightening electric field with the voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond and the frequency h Hz can be generated, the height of the lower ventral surface of the fishing semi-boat from the water bottom is not more than q cm when the fishing device works, and the fishing work is carried out on the water bottom at the speed of not less than 2w m/s. Therefore, the target benthonic animals frightened by the frightening electric field of the fishing device can fall into the collecting bag net 9 along the inclined plane 7 of the dome of the fishing boat and be captured no matter which direction escapes forwards, backwards, leftwards and rightwards.
When the upper limit of the control capability of the attitude control propeller 13 is exceeded after the collecting bag net 9 captures enough target animals, the traveling track 6 of the catching device is possibly sunk into sludge on the water bottom, the height of the catching device to the water bottom is obviously lower than f cm, the control system 12 sends a catching signal to the upper computer 17, and the catching operation is stopped to start the catching operation. When the fishing device carries out fishing operation, the inert grid-shaped electrode 3 stops exciting to generate a disturbing electric field, the towing ship net hauler starts to hoist the whole fishing device, and the next fishing operation can be carried out after the towing fishing ship clears the caught objects in the collecting bag net 9. If the excitation of the disturbance electric field needs to be started or stopped for some reasons or the forward and reverse rotation of the attitude control propeller needs to be started or stopped, the upper computer 17 sends a corresponding action signal to the control system 12 to start or stop the excitation of the disturbance electric field and regulate and control the attitude control propeller to perform corresponding action.
The present invention is not intended to be limited by the drawings and the description, and may be modified without departing from the technical principles and spirit of the present invention. According to the rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device provided by the invention, during fishing operation, the whole fishing device is approximately suspended above the water bottom and does not directly and rigidly touch the water bottom, so that the damage and interference to the substrate environment of the water area are greatly reduced, and the rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device has a remarkable environment-friendly characteristic. And the catching mode of driving the target animals by the frightening electric field has excellent driving effect, better selectivity for the target animals to be caught and good practical application value. With examples of implementation.
Example 1, benthic scallops were caught using the present catching apparatus.
The direct-current pulse electric field conditions of the comb shells with the height of more than 8 cm and the commercial specification of the comb shells can be frightened as follows through the monitoring of experiments in advance in a certain sea area mainly comprising bottom sowing culture comb shells: the voltage is 0.1-15 volts/cm, the pulse width is 5-500 milliseconds, the frequency is 1-55 Hz, and the action distance is 8-15 cm. Under the action of the disturbing electric field, the escape distance of the commercial Japanese scallop in the sea area is 8-16 cm, the escape speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, and the escape height is 7-12 cm. According to the patent description drawings, a one-type rut traveling type comb shell catching device is designed, a traveling rut 6 adopts a wheel traveling type, the diameter of the traveling wheel is 6 cm, an attitude sensing gyroscope 5, a depth sounding sonar probe 14 and a control system 12 are packaged in the catching semi-boat, the pressure-resistant and waterproof depth is 80 m, a graphite inert electrode is adopted at the center position below the boat bow, the width of the graphite inert electrode is 1.5 m, and the width of a collecting bag net inlet 8 at the rear part of the catching semi-boat is set to be 2.0 m. The fishing control system can control the graphite inert electrode to be excited to generate a disturbing electric field with the voltage of 0.1-15V/cm, the pulse width of 5-500 milliseconds and the frequency of 1-55 Hz, the height of the graphite inert electrode from the water bottom is controlled to be not more than 8 cm, and the whole device is powered by a cable arranged along with the towing cable. When the device is used practically, the height of the graphite inert electrode from the water bottom and the disturbing electric field can be adjusted by an upper computer according to the actual scallop fishing condition so as to obtain better fishing effect. The upper computer 17 sets the operation parameters of the fishing device as that the towing speed is not lower than 1 m/s, the height control distance between the fishing device and the water bottom is not more than 7 cm, and the height of the side skirt of the running rut is 6 cm. When the fishing device is normally used for fishing, the distance between the lower ventral surface of the fishing device and the water bottom is equal to the diameter of the running wheel, namely 6 cm, under the combined regulation and control of the control system 12 and the attitude control propeller 13, the resultant force of vertical upward force borne by the fishing device is equal to the gravity of the fishing device, the fishing device is approximately suspended above the water bottom, and the occasional deviation floating distance is not more than 1 cm. The allowable bearing capacity of the attitude control propeller 13 is 2 tons, namely when the catching weight of scallops exceeds 2 tons, the running wheels can be sunk into sludge at the water bottom, the control system 12 sends a signal to the upper computer 17 to stop catching, the catching device is lifted by the net hauler of the catching ship 18, and the emptying treatment of the fishery products is carried out. In actual use, the upper computer 17 can also send out a fishing stopping instruction at any time, and the fishing objects can be lifted and cleaned at any time. The comb shell fishing device with the design is applied to fishing comb shells in bottom sowing in the sea area, the effect is good, and the comb shell fishing efficiency of the commercial specification is improved by more than 20% compared with the traditional physical disturbing trawl fishing. Particularly, in the fishing operation by adopting the device, the patinopecten yessoensis with the commodity specification in the fishery products accounts for more than 70 percent, and other types of fishery products and sundries are few, so that the device has good fishing selectivity. Moreover, the fishing device of the invention basically has no physical disturbance and damage to the substrate environment of the sea area, well protects the ecological environment of the substrate, and the remaining scallops of other specifications can continue to grow and recover, thereby having excellent sustainable production effect.
Example 2, benthic prawns were harvested using the present fishing apparatus.
A large amount of buried prawn resources exist in the substrate of a certain sea area, and a small amount of fresh and live prawns are captured for preliminary experimental determination. The direct current pulse electric field condition of commercial specification prawns with the length of the starting body being more than 10 cm can be disturbed as follows: voltage 0.01-2.50V/cm, pulse width 0.2-40 ms, frequency 1-30 Hz, and action distance 9-20 cm. Under the action of the disturbing electric field, the escape distance of the commercial prawn in the sea area is 20-60 cm, the escape speed is 0.6-1.0 m/s, and the escape height is 25-50 cm. According to the patent description attached drawing, a one-type rut walking type buried prawn catching device is designed, a running rut 6 is of a sledge type, the height of a side skirt of the sledge is 8 cm, an attitude sensing gyroscope 5, a depth measuring sonar probe 14 and a control system 12 are packaged in a catching semi-boat, the pressure-resistant and waterproof depth is 70 m, a graphite inert electrode is adopted in the middle position below a boat bow, the width of the graphite inert electrode is 1.5 m, and the width of a collecting bag net inlet 8 at the rear part of the catching semi-boat is set to be 3.0 m. The fishing control system 12 can control the graphite inert electrode to excite to generate a disturbing electric field with the voltage of 0.01-2.50V/cm, the pulse width of 0.2-40 milliseconds and the frequency of 1-30 Hz, the height of the graphite inert electrode from the water bottom is controlled to be not more than 9 cm, and the whole device is powered by a cable arranged along with a towing cable. During the in-service use, graphite inert electrode can be adjusted by the host computer according to the circumstances of catching of actual shrimp apart from submarine height and disturbing the electric field to obtain better fishing effect. The upper computer sets the operation parameters of the fishing device as that the towing speed is not lower than 2 m/s, the height control distance between the fishing device and the water bottom is not more than 9 cm, and the height of the side skirt of the running rut is 8 cm. During normal fishing operation, the distance between the lower ventral surface of the fishing device and the water bottom is equal to the height of the side skirt of the sledge type running track, namely 8 cm, under the combined regulation and control of the control system 12 and the attitude control propeller 13, the resultant force of vertical upward force borne by the fishing device is equal to the gravity of the fishing device, the fishing device is approximately suspended above the water bottom, and the occasional deviation floating distance is not more than 1 cm. The allowable bearing capacity of the attitude control propeller 13 is 1 ton, namely the sledge type travelling rut can be sunk into underwater silt when the fishing weight of the prawns exceeds 1 ton, the control system sends a signal to an upper computer to stop fishing, and a towing ship net hauler lifts the fishing device and clears the harvested objects. When the fishing device is actually used, the host computer can send out a fishing stopping instruction at any time, and the fishing objects can be lifted and cleaned at any time. The fishing device with the design is applied to fishing the benthic prawns in the sea area, the effect is good, and the fishing efficiency of the prawns with the commodity specification is improved by more than 15 percent compared with the fishing of the traditional physical disturbing trawl. Particularly, in the fishing operation by adopting the device, the commercial specification of prawns in the fishery products accounts for more than 65 percent, other types of fishery products and sundries are few, and the fishing selectivity is very good. Moreover, the fishing device of the invention basically has no physical damage and disturbance to the substrate environment of the sea area, well protects the ecological environment of the substrate, and the remaining other marine organisms can be continuously recovered and grown, thereby having excellent sustainable production effect.
Claims (10)
1. A rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device is characterized by comprising a fishing semi-boat, an inert grid electrode, an attitude sensing gyroscope, a collecting bag net, a water drop streamline suspension buoy, a control system, an attitude control propeller, a depth sounding sonar probe, a towing cable, an accompanying cable, an upper computer and a fishing ship; the fishing half boat is a half submarine with running tracks on two sides, the rear part of the fishing half boat is connected with a collecting bag net, and a water drop streamline suspension buoy connected with the collecting bag net is suspended in a water body; the middle position of the bow nose of the fishing semi-boat is connected with a fishing ship on the water surface through a towing cable, the towing cable only bears the pulling force of towing operation, a cable for power supply and signal transmission is arranged along with the towing cable, and an upper computer of the fishing device is positioned on the fishing ship; the control system, the attitude sensing gyroscope and the depth finding sonar probe of the fishing device are arranged in the fishing semi-boat, the upper shell and the lower shell of the fishing semi-boat are asymmetrical, and the upper shell protrudes more, so that upward pressure is generated in a water body during dragging movement to force the fishing device to float upwards; the four attitude control propellers are symmetrically distributed around the fishing semi-boat, and feed back, adjust and control the attitude of the fishing device together with the attitude sensing gyroscope and the control system, so that the vertical upward resultant force applied to the fishing device during operation is equal to the gravity of the fishing device, and the whole fishing device is suspended above the water bottom; the inert grid-shaped electrode is positioned in the middle of the lower part of the boat bow of the fishing semi-boat, and then the inert grid-shaped electrode is led to the inlet of the collecting bag net through the arch-shaped gradually-transitional lower abdomen vault inclined plane of the fishing semi-boat; the inert grid electrode, the attitude sensing gyroscope, the attitude control propeller and the depth sounding sonar probe are all connected with a control system, and the control system is connected with an upper computer; electric field excitation parameters and operation parameters of the catching device are detected and then input into a control system of the catching device through an upper computer after an electrophysiology experiment of the benthonic animals to be caught is carried out, and then the catching operation process of the catching device is regulated and controlled.
2. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 1, further characterized in that the overall density of the fishing device is slightly greater than water through the design of a shell of the fishing device and the optimization of a counterweight, the steady center of the fishing device is above the center of gravity in a suspension state, the distance is not less than 30 cm, the normal posture that the fishing device always keeps the half of the driving ruts on the lower abdomen dome slope of the fishing boat in a downward direction is ensured, and the normal posture can be always automatically recovered when the fishing device is disturbed; when the fishing device is interfered and difficult to automatically recover to the normal posture, the control system receives the posture abnormal data of the posture sensing gyroscope, and the propeller is controlled by combining the posture to actively adjust so as to force the fishing device to recover to the normal posture.
3. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 1, wherein the attitude control propellers are controlled by frequency conversion, and the rotating speed, the steering direction and the output power of each propeller can be independently adjusted and controlled by a control system.
4. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 1, wherein the parameter setting of the pulsed electric field excited by the inert grid electrode is obtained by the electrophysiological detection experiment of the target benthonic animal to be captured, and the following process is carried out: adopting a direct current pulse electric field, and sequentially dividing the response of the target benthonic animals to the electric field into the following five grades: the electric field of the third grade is a disturbing electric field which should be adopted by the inert grid-shaped electrode, four parameters of voltage, pulse width, frequency and action distance of the disturbing electric field of the target benthonic animal are obtained through experiments and are v volt/cm, t millisecond, h hertz and L centimeter respectively, and under the action of the disturbing electric field, three parameters of average distance, speed and height of the target benthonic animal escaping after being disturbed by electric shock are obtained through experiments and are m centimeter, w meter/second and n centimeter respectively.
5. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 4, further characterized in that the width of the inert grid electrode is p cm, the front-back distance between the inert grid electrode and the rear half collecting bag net inlet is less than m cm, and the width of the collecting bag net inlet is more than p +2m cm; the distance between the inert grid electrode and the water bottom is not more than L cm; the position of the grid-shaped inert electrode can be adjusted in the vertical direction, the distance between the inert grid-shaped electrode and the water bottom is not more than L cm when fishing operation is carried out, and the inert grid-shaped electrode is set and regulated by a control system through an upper computer.
6. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 5, wherein the minimum between the action distance L cm of the disturbing electric field and the average height n cm of the target animal escaping after being disturbed by the disturbing electric field is used as the height control distance between the lower shell surface and the sea bottom of the fishing device in the actual fishing operation, and is renamed to be the height control distance q cm, then the height of the traveling rut side skirt of the fishing device is not more than q cm, and the operation parameters of the control system of the fishing device are set as follows: inputting the voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond, the frequency h Hz, the action distance L cm, the escape speed w m/s of the target animal, the height control distance q cm and the running rut side skirt height of the direct current pulse disturbing electric field into a control system through an upper computer, so that the height of the inert grid-shaped electrode from the water bottom can be controlled to be not more than L cm, the disturbing electric field with the voltage v volt/cm, the pulse width t millisecond and the frequency h Hz can be generated, the fishing device is kept in a suspension state, the height of the lower shell surface of the fishing semi-boat from the water bottom is controlled to be not more than q cm, and the fishing operation is carried out on the water bottom at the speed of not less than 2w m/s; therefore, the target benthonic animals frightened by the frightening electric field of the fishing device can escape in any direction of the front direction, the back direction, the left direction and the right direction, and can fall into the collecting sac net along the bellied slope of the lower abdomen of the fishing boat and be captured.
7. The environmentally friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device of the rutting type as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, further characterized in that when the upper limit of the control capability of the attitude control propeller is exceeded after the collection bag net captures enough target animals, the height from the water bottom is significantly lower than the height of the skirt of the traveling rut of the fishing device, when the traveling rut falls into the sludge on the water bottom, the control system sends a fishing operation signal to the upper computer and stops the fishing operation, the fishing device is lifted by the fishing ship net lifter, and after the captured matter in the collection bag net is emptied, the next fishing operation is started; when the excitation of the disturbing electric field needs to be started or stopped or the fishing device needs to be lifted, the upper computer sends a corresponding action signal to the control system, the excitation of the disturbing electric field is started or stopped, and the attitude is controlled to control whether the propeller rotates, rotate speed and turn.
8. The environmentally friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing apparatus of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the traveling rut is one of a wheel-traveling type, a crawler type, and a ski type.
9. The rutting type environment-friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, further characterized in that the collecting bag net has a rigid supporting skeleton; the casing of the fishing semi-boat is made of pressure-resistant anti-corrosion stainless steel materials or high polymer materials, and the waterproof capability of the casing, the propeller motor and the circuit of the fishing semi-boat is not lower than the water depth of 100 meters.
10. The environmentally friendly aquatic benthonic animal fishing device of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the inert grid electrodes are inert grid graphite electrodes arranged in horizontal rows.
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| CN114868711A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-09 | 北京林业大学 | Device and method for collecting surface layer benthonic animals in mudflat wetland |
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