CN111279967A - South america white shrimp engineering seawater circulation farming systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a south America white shrimp engineered seawater circulation culture system, which comprises a high-level intensive culture unit and a circulation purification unit, wherein the circulation purification unit comprises a sewage collection and biological treatment area, an artificial wet area, a shellfish culture area, an ecological purification area, a plant planting area, a simulated massif treatment area and an ultrafiltration treatment area, the high-level intensive culture unit comprises a plurality of prawn culture ponds, a sewage discharge assembly and a water discharge assembly, culture sewage is discharged into the sewage collection and biological treatment area through the sewage discharge assembly for treatment and then is discharged into the artificial wet area for treatment, upper clear water is discharged into the artificial wet area through the water discharge assembly for treatment, culture water treated in the artificial wet area sequentially flows through the shellfish culture area, the ecological purification area, the plant planting area, the simulated massif treatment area and the ultrafiltration treatment area which are communicated through circulation water pipes for purification treatment, and purified culture water flowing out of the ultrafiltration treatment area flows back into the high-level prawn culture pond through the circulation water pipe, thereby forming the cyclic utilization and the cyclic purification of the culture water body.

Description

South america white shrimp engineering seawater circulation farming systems

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system for penaeus vannamei boone.

Background

The global aquaculture industry has grown rapidly for decades, with an annual average growth rate of over 6.9% (FAO, 2009). However, the factors that restrict mariculture and the problems of the conventional culture modes are also becoming more and more prominent: the marine environment pollution seriously restricts the water for mariculture, and the culture risk is relatively high. The mariculture losses due to disease problems are severe every year: taking prawns as an example, only 11 viral sources are discovered at present, wherein the morbidity and mortality rate of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) is as high as 80-100%, and various marine zooplankton prove to be carriers and propagators of the WSSV, so that the risk of introducing the viral sources by traditional high-throughput water change culture is higher. Meanwhile, the traditional culture mode has serious pollution and waste, and the potential adverse effect of aquaculture wastewater on the environment is basically in direct proportion to the utilization degree of the intensive culture on the granulated feed and the exchange rate of water bodies between the internal environment and the external environment of the culture system. Untreated wastewater is discharged, resulting in deterioration of water quality and outbreak of diseases. Therefore, how to reuse the aquaculture wastewater after composite purification for prawn aquaculture becomes an important problem.

In recent years, the technology of ecological seawater treatment has also been introduced into mariculture systems, and many studies have been made on the purification effect of microalgae or macroalgae, such as reducing the concentration of nutrients by controlling the biomass of algae, maintaining dissolved oxygen in water, and reducing the risk of suffocation and water quality deterioration of the culture objects in the water in which macroalgae and the culture objects are co-cultured. However, the method has the defects that the macroalgae are relatively influenced by various factors such as illumination, water flow, seasonality and the like in the culture wastewater treatment process, the unicellular algae have limited treatment capacity, and the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen in the water body is easily caused. The research that salt-tolerant plants and aquatic ferns are also used in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater has also been reported, plants are used as a ring in an intensive or closed aquaculture system to absorb and filter nutrient salts so as to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality, and some plants have economic values and can improve the aquaculture economic benefits. In addition, some invertebrates such as oysters, mussels, clams, hirsuts and sponges are suitable bioremediation species for organic and microbial contamination of seawater and have the potential to generate a benign economic return. On the basis, a new seawater purification mode, namely an ecological circulation type seawater purification technology, is produced, and is mainly characterized in that nutrient substances are comprehensively utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an engineered seawater circulation culture system for penaeus vannamei boone, which can purify culture sewage and recycle the culture sewage, reduce the pollution to the environment and improve the production yield.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an engineered seawater circulation culture system for Penaeus vannamei Boone comprises a high-level intensive culture unit for culturing Penaeus vannamei Boone and a circulation purification unit which is connected with the high-level intensive culture unit in a matching way and is used for purifying culture water, wherein the circulation purification unit comprises a sewage collection and biological treatment region, an artificial wet region, a shellfish culture region, an ecological purification region, a plant planting region, a simulated mountain body treatment region and an ultrafiltration treatment region, the high-level intensive culture unit comprises a plurality of prawn culture ponds, a sewage discharge assembly and a water discharge assembly which are arranged in the prawn pond, culture sewage at the bottom of the prawn culture pond is discharged into the sewage collection and biological treatment region through the sewage discharge assembly for treatment and then is discharged into the artificial wet region for treatment, upper clear water in the prawn culture pond is discharged into the artificial wet region for treatment through the water discharge assembly, and culture water treated in the artificial wet region sequentially flows through the shellfish culture region communicated through a circulating water pipe, And the purified aquaculture water flowing out of the ultrafiltration treatment area flows back into the high-level prawn aquaculture pond through a circulating water pipe, so that the aquaculture water is recycled and purified circularly.

According to the technical scheme, the aquaculture water is introduced into the prawn culture pond of the high-position intensive culture unit, a lot of dirt is added to the aquaculture water due to the feeding of feed and the generation of aquatic excrement in the culture process, larger particles are deposited at the bottom of the prawn culture pond, smaller suspended particles are still suspended in the aquaculture water, the sewage at the bottom of the aquaculture water is discharged into a dirt collecting and biological treatment area through a dirt discharge assembly for filtration and purification treatment, a large amount of deposited dirt can be effectively removed before entering a lower treatment area, the reduction of filtration and purification capacity caused by filtration and purification overload of the lower treatment area is avoided, the overall filtration and purification capacity of the system is improved, and the treated aquaculture water enters an artificial wet area through a circulating water pipe for filtration and purification treatment; the upper clear water with suspended particles is discharged into an artificial wet area through a drainage component to be filtered and purified, the aquaculture water body treated from the artificial wet area sequentially enters a shellfish culture area, an ecological purification area, a plant planting area, a simulated mountain body treatment area and an ultrafiltration treatment area of a circulating purification unit to be purified, the aquaculture water body after circulating purification flows out of the ultrafiltration treatment area and then flows back into a prawn culture pond of a high-level intensive culture unit through a circulating water pipe, the purification and the recycling of the aquaculture water body are realized, and the pollution of the aquaculture environment caused by directly discharging the polluted aquaculture water body in the surrounding environment is avoided; in the cultivation use and purification circulation process, the cultivation water body can be naturally evaporated, the cultivation water body can be supplemented in the high-position intensive cultivation unit according to the requirement, the environment protection, the health and the sustainability of the cultivation water body which can be used and controlled in a village and the cultivation system are basically realized, and the economic output benefit is improved.

The invention further provides that: the prawn culture pond is characterized in that the culture area of the prawn culture pond is 1-1.5 mu, the culture density of the prawns is 10-15 ten thousand tails per mu, the sewage discharge assembly comprises a driving piece for enabling culture water to form annular flow, a sewage discharge pipe arranged at the bottom of the prawn culture pond and communicated with the prawn culture pond, and a first blocking pipe communicated with a biological treatment area for collecting sewage, wherein one end of the sewage discharge pipe is arranged at the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond, and the first blocking pipe is in plug fit with the other end of the sewage discharge pipe;

the drainage assembly comprises a drainage pipe arranged on the outer side of the prawn culture pond and a second blocking pipe communicated with the artificial wetland area, one end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the prawn culture pond, the other end of the drainage pipe is in plug-in fit with the second blocking pipe, and the top surfaces of the first blocking pipe and the second blocking pipe are higher than the water surface of the culture water body.

Through the technical scheme, the driving piece can be an aerator or other things with driving force, the driving piece operates on the water surface, so that water is stirred, water bloom is stirred on the water surface, a water curtain capable of being wrapped in air is formed, the surface area of a gas-liquid interface is enlarged, oxygen in the air can be fully dissolved into the water, the oxygen in the water can be increased, and sufficient oxygen is provided for prawn culture; the driving piece is when carrying out oxygenation, through the splash that arouses, can resolve out original harmful gas in the water, for example hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide etc. from aquatic, discharges in the air. The stirring effect of the driving piece can also enable the water body to form annular flow, dirt in the water body can be gathered to the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond along with the movement of water flow, the bottom of the prawn culture pond is arranged in a bucket shape and can effectively collect the dirt, the drain pipe is arranged at the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond and is detachably connected with the first blocking pipe, the length of the first blocking pipe is larger than the height of the water body of the prawn culture pond, when the first blocking pipe is inserted into the drain pipe, the other end of the first blocking pipe, which is connected with the drain pipe, is higher than the water surface of the water body, and at the moment, the dirt can not be discharged; extract first jam pipe, first jam pipe and blow off pipe separation receive the driving piece effect to pile up near the filth of blow off pipe and receive suction, discharge from the blow off pipe, realize the control to the blowdown, ensure the quality of water of breeding in the shrimp culture pond. The drain pipe is arranged on the side wall of the prawn culture pond, the second blocking pipe is inserted into a port of the drain pipe, when the sewage discharge assembly discharges sewage at the bottom of the prawn culture pond, the second blocking pipe is pulled out, the culture water body after sewage discharge can be discharged into the circulating water pipe through the drain pipe, and then is discharged into the shellfish culture region through the circulating water pipe for next purification; and automatically stopping draining when the water level in the prawn culture pond is lowered to the drain pipe, and reinserting the second blocking pipe. Thereby realizing the discharge of the bottom dirt and the upper clear water in the prawn culture pond.

The invention further provides that: the bottom of the prawn culture pond is arranged in a pot bottom shape, the inclined angle of the slope of the side wall of the bottom of the prawn culture pond is 45-60 degrees, hard shell clams are hung on the slope of the bottom of the prawn culture pond, and the culture density is 20-30 clams/m³The specification of the shellfish is more than 5cm, and the depth is controlled to be 60-80 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the bottom of the prawn culture pond is arranged in a pot bottom shape, and the slope inclination angle of the side wall of the bottom, the culture density of hard shell clams, the culture specification and the culture depth are arranged, so that scientific culture is realized, and the culture benefit of hard shell clams is improved; the hard shell clams can utilize the residual feed for prawn culture, the feed utilization rate is improved, the feed cost of the shellfish is reduced, the shellfish can utilize the residual scraps and nutritive salts of the prawns in the culture water body, the function of purifying the culture water body can be realized, meanwhile, the shellfish culture is mature, the hard shell clams can be used for sale, and the output benefit is increased.

The invention further provides that: the first plugging pipe controls bottom layer sewage accounting for 2-3% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond to enter a sewage collecting and biological treatment area for treatment, and the second plugging pipe controls upper layer clear water accounting for 10-15% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond to enter an artificial wet area for treatment.

Through the technical scheme, when bottom sewage and upper clear water containing suspended particles in the prawn culture pond can be discharged, the amount of culture water in the prawn culture pond can be ensured to be suitable for culturing prawns, and meanwhile, the purified water in the ultrafiltration treatment area is discharged into the prawn culture pond through the circulating water pipe, so that the culture of the prawns with the proper water level in the prawn culture pond is ensured.

The invention further provides that: the area of the sewage collecting and biological treatment area is 8% -10% of that of the high-position intensive culture unit, the sewage collecting and biological treatment area comprises a plurality of vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells, a physical sedimentation tank and a biological filler microbial treatment tank, the number of the vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells is a plurality, the bottom of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is flat, the gradient of the side wall of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is 60 degrees, the depth of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is 2m, sewage at the bottom layer in each well flows into the physical sedimentation tank through power driving to be treated, and the flow rate is 5 m/s;

the number of the physical sedimentation tanks is multiple, hairbrushes are hung in the physical sedimentation tanks, and adsorbates are also arranged in the physical sedimentation tanks;

the biological filler microbial treatment tank is communicated with the outflow end of the physical sedimentation tank through a circulating water pipe, the biological filler microbial treatment tank is filled with the flaky biological filler, and the aquaculture water is treated and then flows into an artificial wet area through the circulating water pipe for purification treatment.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the dirty and biological treatment district's of collection vortex formula centrifugation collection dirt well is earlier discharged into to the bottom filth that discharges through blowdown subassembly, and the centrifugal force through the dirty well of vortex centrifugation collection forms the swirl and collects particulate matter such as excrement and urine and incomplete bait, discharges into the physical sedimentation tank again in, and the brush in the physical sedimentation tank is touchhed to the suspended particles of breeding in the water body then can sediment downwards, and the adsorbate in the rethread physical sedimentation tank adsorbs the suspended particles to purify the breed water body. The adsorbate can be ceramsite, active carbon, etc. The aquaculture water purified by the physical sedimentation tank is discharged into a biological filler microorganism treatment tank filled with a sheet biological filler, and the sheet biological filler can decompose harmful substances such as sealing edges, residual baits, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the aquaculture water and also has the functions of filtering, accumulating and decomposing large-particle substances in the aquaculture water.

The invention further provides that: the total area of the artificial wet area is 15 mu, the area ratio of the artificial wet area to the high-position intensive culture unit is 1:1, the artificial wet area comprises a mangrove forest area, a spartina alterniflora area and a seawater vegetable area, and the area ratio of the mangrove forest area, the spartina alterniflora area and the seawater vegetable area is 5:10: 1;

the Kandelia candel is planted in the mangrove forest area, the height specification of the Kandelia candel is kept above 1m, and the planting density is 4-6 plants/m²；

The spartina alterniflora and scirpus haisanensis are planted in the spartina alterniflora area, the height of the spartina alterniflora is kept between 1 and 1.5m, the leaf length is kept between 40 and 50mm, a dense planting mode is adopted, and the planting density is 500 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 90 percent of the spartina alterniflora area, the height of the scirpus maritima is 25-35 cm, and the planting density is 1000 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 10 percent of the spartina alterniflora area;

a plurality of ecological floating islands which are in regular hexagon shapes are arranged on the water surface of the seawater vegetable area, the ecological floating islands cover the seawater vegetable area, and the area of the ecological floating islands is 600m²The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastics, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 16 holes/m²And planting the seawater vegetable suaeda salsa in the plant planting holes.

By adopting the technical scheme, the scientific planting of the Kandelia candel, the Spartina alterniflora, the Scirpus maritima and the seawater vegetables is carried out in the artificial wetland area, so that the rich nutrient substances (such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants) in the culture water can be absorbed and settled, and the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved; the plants can absorb eutrophic substances and can increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture seawater through the oxygen secretion function of the root systems. The mangrove forest region is planted with Kandelia candel, and the tide intake and drainage is simulated when the aquaculture water body is in intake and drainage, so that the contact time of the mangrove forest region by the aquaculture water body is 3 hours per day. The planting of the seawater vegetable suaeda glauca can also increase the output benefit. The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, is easy to machine and form, has good rigidity and low price, can float on the water surface, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, suaeda salsa can be planted in the plant planting holes, the root of the suaeda salsa is contacted with the culture water body, and the suaeda salsa can be used as shellfish filter food to supplement the culture water body, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed, and nutrient salts in the culture seawater are jointly degraded.

The invention further provides that: the shellfish culture area is mainly used for culturing intertidal shellfish, the species of the intertidal shellfish are Scapharca granosa, Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, Cyclina sinensis and the like, the culture specification is more than 400 grains/kg, the culture area is 150 mu, and the culture density is 300-500 grains/m²The area of the shellfish culture area is 10 times of that of the prawn culture pond;

3/5 of the total area occupied by the beach area in the shellfish culture area, wherein the directional culture of microalgae is simultaneously carried out in the shellfish culture area, the types of the microalgae are golden algae, chaetoceros, streptococcus and the like, and the culture density is controlled to be 1-3 multiplied by 10⁵cells/ml。

Through the technical scheme, a certain amount of shellfish is scientifically cultured in the shellfish culture area, when the culture water body in the artificial wet area is discharged into the shellfish culture area through the circulating water pipe, suspended solid particles exist in the culture water body, the suspended solid particles can be feed residues or excretion residues, mudflat shellfish can ingest the suspended solid particles or algae, the effect of purifying water quality is achieved, meanwhile, the shellfish culture is mature, the shellfish culture can be used for sale, and the output benefit is increased. The culture of microalgae such as gold algae, Chaetoceros, streptococcus and the like is carried out in the water body of the shellfish culture area at the same time, for example, the culture of Chaetoceros is beneficial to reducing shrimp pathogens similar to vibrio vulnificus, the purification of the culture water body is achieved, the quality of the culture water body is improved, and the pathogenic rate and death rate of prawn culture are reduced; the algae has high propagation speed, and can be used as food source of shellfish while reducing shrimp pathogens.

The invention further provides that: the ecological purification area comprises a first ecological purification pond and a second ecological purification pond, the water inlet end of the first ecological purification pond is connected with the shellfish culture area through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end of the first ecological purification pond is connected with the plant planting area through a circulating water pipe, shallow sea shellfish are hung in the first ecological purification pond, the species of the shallow sea shellfish is Crassostrea viticola, the culture proportion is 5%, the culture quantity is 100 strings, the specification of the shellfish is 3-5 cm, filter feeding or scrape feeding fishes are simultaneously cultured in the first ecological purification pond, the culture species is mullet yellow eyes, the culture density is 20-30 tails/mu, and the specification of the fishes is 750-1500 g;

the planting area of the plant planting area is 1.2 times of the area of the prawn culture pond, the plants planted in the plant planting area are Kandelia candel and Kalopanax pictus nakai, the ratio of the Kandelia pictus nakai to the Kalopanax pictus nakai is 95%, the ratio of the Kalopanax pictus nakai to the Kalopanax pictus nakai is 5%, the height specification of the Kandelia pictus nakai is more than 3m, and the planting density²The height specification of the tung flower plant is more than 1.5m, and the planting density is 4-5 plants/m²；

The ecological purification pond is characterized in that the water inlet end of the second ecological purification pond is connected with the water outlet end of the plant planting area through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end of the second ecological purification pond is connected with the simulated mountain body treatment area through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of ecological floating islands with square shapes are arranged in the second ecological purification pond, the side length of each square ecological floating island is 20cm, the total area of each square ecological floating island accounts for 20% of the second ecological purification pond, each ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed in each ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 25/m²And planting salicornia inside the plant planting holes.

According to the technical scheme, the first ecological purification pond is connected with the shellfish culture area through the circulating water pipe, the culture water body in the shellfish culture area is discharged into the first ecological purification pond through the circulating water pipe, the culture water body brings algae and non-purified suspended solid particles in the shellfish culture pond, and the scientifically cultured shellfish and fish in the first ecological purification pond ingest organic debris and algae in the culture water body to play a role in purifying water quality, improve the culture water quality in the first ecological purification area and reduce the occurrence of diseases; meanwhile, the shellfish and the fish can be sold, so that the output benefit is increased. The cultivation water body in the first ecological purification pond is discharged into a plant planting area through a circulating water pipe, the Kandelia candel and the Kandelia fordii are scientifically planted in the plant planting area, the mangrove plants have the characteristic of developed root systems and strong soil grabbing capacity, so that the soil is not easy to be washed by the cultivation water body discharged from the dark precipitation treatment pond into the plant planting area, the mangrove plants have good purification capacity, and rich nutrient substances (such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants) in the cultivation water body can be absorbed and precipitated, so that the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved; the plants can absorb eutrophic substances and can increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture seawater through the oxygen secretion function of the root systems. The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, is easy to machine and form, has good rigidity and low price, can float on the water surface, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed in the ecological floating island, the salicornia tent is planted in the plant planting holes, the root of the salicornia tent is contacted with a culture water body to play a synergistic effect, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed, and the nutrient salt in the culture seawater is jointly degraded.

The invention further provides that: the water outlet end of the simulated mountain body treatment area is connected with the ultrafiltration treatment area through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of filter channels are arranged in the simulated mountain body treatment area, the depth of each filter channel is 1.2m, and sand, gravel and stones with different particle sizes are placed in the filter channels in a layered mode;

placing medium sand with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and particle size of 0.5-0.35 mm on the bottom layer of the filter channel;

gravel which is sieved by a 3-4 mesh sieve and has the grain diameter of 4.75-6.73 mm is placed on the middle layer of the filtering channel;

and stones with the particle size of 16-31.5 mm are placed on the upper layer of the filter channel.

According to the technical scheme, the sand, the gravel and the stones with different particle sizes are placed in the filter channel in a layered mode, and suspended substances and impurities in the aquaculture water flowing through the simulated mountain processing area are absorbed and settled, so that the purpose of purifying water quality is achieved. After being treated in the simulated mountain body treatment area, the aquaculture water body is lifted by a water pump, a water tower and other devices with lifting action and is discharged into an ultrafiltration treatment area for subsequent treatment.

The invention further provides that: the ultrafiltration treatment area comprises a sand filter, membrane separation equipment and ultrafiltration equipment, the sand filter, the membrane separation equipment and the ultrafiltration equipment are sequentially communicated through a circulating water pipe, and the water outlet end of the ultrafiltration equipment is communicated with the prawn intensive culture pond through the circulating water pipe;

the sand filter pool comprises a primary sand filter and a secondary sand filter, wherein the primary sand filter adopts fine sand with the fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 and the particle size of 0.35-0.25 mm, and the secondary sand filter adopts extra fine sand with the fineness modulus of 1.5-0.7 and the particle size of less than 0.25 mm;

the working pressure of the membrane separation equipment is 2.0-7.5 MPa;

the aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafiltration equipment is 0.01-0.1 mu m.

Through the technical scheme, the aquaculture water purified in the simulated mountain body treatment area is discharged into the first-stage sand filter and the second-stage sand filter through the circulating water pipe for filtration treatment, macromolecular solid particles and colloid in the aquaculture water are intercepted, the aquaculture water is clarified and then is discharged into the membrane separation equipment and the ultrafiltration equipment in sequence for purification treatment, the aquaculture water purified by the ultrafiltration equipment is communicated with the prawn culture pond of the high-position intensive culture unit through the circulating water pipe, and the purified aquaculture water is discharged into the prawn intensive culture pond, so that the recycling and purification of the aquaculture water are realized. The membrane separation equipment can effectively remove impurities such as suspended matters, bacteria, viruses, inorganic matters, pesticides, organic matters, dissolved gas and the like in water; the ultrafiltration equipment can only allow solvents (such as water molecules), inorganic salts and small molecular organic matters in the aquaculture water to permeate, and can retain suspended matters, colloids, proteins, microorganisms and other macromolecular substances in the aquaculture water, so that the aquaculture water is purified, and the aquaculture water can reach the appropriate aquaculture water quality of the penaeus vannamei boone.

The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the structure of a prawn culture pond according to an embodiment of the invention;

the reference numbers in the figures mean: a high-position intensive culture unit-1, a prawn culture pond-11, a sewage discharge component-12, a driving component-121, a sewage discharge pipe-122, a first blocking pipe-123, a water discharge component-13, a water discharge pipe-131, a second blocking pipe-132, a circulating purification unit-2, a sewage collection and biological treatment area-21, a vortex type centrifugal sewage collection well-211, a physical sedimentation tank-212, a biological filler and microbial treatment tank-213, an artificial wet area-22, a mangrove-221, a spartina alterniflora area-222, a seawater and vegetable area-223, a shellfish culture area-23, an ecological purification area-24, a first ecological purification pond-241, a second ecological purification pond-242, a plant planting area-25, a simulated mountain body treatment area-26 and an ultrafiltration treatment area-27, a sand filter-271, a membrane separation device-272 and an ultrafiltration device-273.

Detailed Description

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Referring to the attached drawings 1-2, the embodiment discloses an engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system for penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises a high-level intensive culture unit 1 for culturing the penaeus vannamei boone and a circulating purification unit 2 which is matched and connected with the high-level intensive culture unit 1 and used for purifying aquaculture water, wherein the circulating purification unit 2 comprises a sewage collection and biological treatment area 21, an artificial wet area 22, a shellfish culture area 23, an ecological purification area 24, a plant planting area 25, a simulated mountain body treatment area 26 and an ultrafiltration treatment area 27, the high-level intensive culture unit 1 comprises a plurality of penaeus vannamei boone culture ponds 11, sewage discharge assemblies 12 and drainage assemblies 13 which are arranged in the penaeus vannamei boone culture ponds 11, aquaculture sewage at the bottom in the penaeus vannamei boone culture ponds 11 is discharged into the sewage collection and biological treatment area 21 through the sewage discharge assemblies 12 for treatment and then discharged into the artificial wet area 22 for treatment, and upper clear water in the penaeus van, the aquaculture water treated by the artificial wet area 22 flows through the shellfish culture area 23, the ecological purification area 24, the plant growing area 25, the simulated mountain body treatment area 26 and the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 which are communicated through the circulating water pipe in sequence for filtration and purification treatment, and the purified aquaculture water flowing out of the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 flows back into the high-level prawn aquaculture pond 11 through the circulating water pipe, so that the cyclic utilization and the cyclic purification of the aquaculture water are formed.

According to the technical scheme, the system introduces the aquaculture water into the prawn culture pond 11 of the high-level intensive culture unit 1, a lot of pollutants are added to the aquaculture water in the culture process due to the feeding of feed and the generation of aquatic excrement, larger particles are deposited at the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11, smaller suspended particles still suspend in the aquaculture water, the sewage at the bottom of the aquaculture water is discharged into the sewage collecting and biological treatment area 21 through the sewage discharge assembly 12 for filtration and purification treatment, a large amount of deposited pollutants can be effectively removed before entering the lower treatment area, the reduction of filtration and purification capacity caused by the overload of the lower treatment area is avoided, the overall filtration and purification capacity of the system is improved, and the treated aquaculture water enters the artificial wet area 22 through the circulating water pipe for filtration and purification treatment; the upper clear water with suspended particles is discharged into the artificial wet area 22 through the drainage component 13 to be filtered and purified, the aquaculture water treated from the artificial wet area 22 sequentially enters the shellfish culture area 23, the ecological purification area 24, the plant planting area 25, the simulated mountain body treatment area 26 and the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 of the circulating purification unit 2 to be purified, the aquaculture water after circulating purification flows out of the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 and then flows back into the prawn culture pond 11 of the high-level intensive culture unit 1 through a circulating water pipe, the purification and the recycling of the aquaculture water are realized, and the pollution of the aquaculture environment caused by the direct discharge of the polluted aquaculture water in the surrounding environment is avoided; in the cultivation use and purification circulation process, the cultivation water body can be naturally evaporated, the cultivation water body can be supplemented in the high-position intensive cultivation unit 1 according to the requirement, the cultivation water body can be replaced and utilized, and is controllable, the cultivation system is green, environment-friendly, healthy and sustainable, and meanwhile, the economic output benefit is improved.

The embodiment further provides that: the culture area of the prawn culture pond 11 is 1-1.5 mu, the culture density of the prawns is 10-15 thousand tails per mu, the sewage discharge assembly 12 comprises a driving part 121 for enabling culture water to form annular flow, a sewage discharge pipe 122 arranged at the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 and communicated with the prawn culture pond 11, and a first blocking pipe 123 for communicating a sewage collecting and biological treatment area 21, one end of the sewage discharge pipe 122 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11, and the first blocking pipe 123 is in inserted fit with the other end of the sewage discharge pipe 122;

the drainage assembly 13 comprises a drainage pipe 131 arranged outside the prawn culture pond 11 and a second blocking pipe 132 communicated with the artificial wet area 22, one end of the drainage pipe 131 is communicated with the prawn culture pond 11, the other end of the drainage pipe 131 is in inserted fit with the second blocking pipe 132, and the top surfaces of the first blocking pipe 123 and the second blocking pipe 132 are higher than the water surface of the culture water body.

Through the technical scheme, the driving part 121 can be an aerator or other objects with driving force, the driving part 121 operates on the water surface, so that water is stirred, water bloom is stirred on the water surface, a water curtain capable of being wrapped in air is formed, the surface area of a gas-liquid interface is enlarged, oxygen in the air can be fully dissolved into the water, the oxygen in the water can be increased, and sufficient oxygen is provided for prawn culture; the driving member 121 can resolve the harmful gas in the water, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, etc. from the water and discharge the harmful gas into the air through the excited spray while increasing oxygen. The stirring effect of the driving piece 121 can also enable the water body to form annular flow, dirt in the water body can be gathered to the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 along with the movement of water flow, the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 is arranged in a bucket shape and can effectively collect the dirt, the drain pipe 122 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11, the drain pipe 122 is detachably connected with the first blocking pipe 123, the length of the first blocking pipe 123 is larger than the height of the water body of the prawn culture pond 11, when the first blocking pipe 123 is inserted into the drain pipe 122, the other end of the first blocking pipe 123 connected with the drain pipe 122 is higher than the water surface of the water body, and at the moment, the dirt cannot be discharged; the first blocking pipe 123 is pulled out, the first blocking pipe 123 is separated from the sewage discharge pipe 122, the sewage accumulated near the sewage discharge pipe 122 under the action of the driving piece 121 is sucked and discharged from the sewage discharge pipe 122, the sewage discharge is controlled, and the water quality of the aquaculture water body in the prawn aquaculture pond 11 is guaranteed. The drain pipe 131 is arranged on the side wall of the prawn culture pond 11, the second blocking pipe 132 is inserted into the port of the drain pipe 131, when the sewage discharge assembly 12 discharges sewage at the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11, the second blocking pipe 132 is pulled out, the culture water body after sewage discharge can be discharged into the circulating water pipe through the drain pipe 131, and then is discharged into the shellfish culture area 23 through the circulating water pipe for next purification; when the water level in the prawn culture pond 11 drops to the drain pipe 131, the drainage is automatically stopped, and the second blocking pipe 132 is inserted back again. Thereby realizing the discharge of the dirt at the bottom and the clear water at the upper layer in the prawn culture pond 11.

The embodiment further provides that: the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 is arranged in a pot bottom shape, the inclined angle of the slope of the side wall of the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 is 45-60 degrees, hard shell clams are hung on the slope of the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11, and the culture density is 20-30 clams/m³The specification of the shellfish is more than 5cm, and the depth is controlled to be 60-80 cm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the bottom of the prawn culture pond 11 is arranged in a pot bottom shape, and the slope inclination angle of the side wall of the bottom, the culture density of hard shell clams, the culture specification and the culture depth are arranged, so that scientific culture is realized, and the culture benefit of hard shell clams is improved; the hard shell clams can utilize the residual feed for prawn culture, the feed utilization rate is improved, the feed cost of the shellfish is reduced, the shellfish can utilize the residual scraps and nutritive salts of the prawns in the culture water body, the function of purifying the culture water body can be realized, meanwhile, the shellfish culture is mature, the hard shell clams can be used for sale, and the output benefit is increased.

The embodiment further provides that: the first plugging pipe 123 controls bottom layer sewage accounting for 2-3% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond 11 to enter the sewage collecting and biological treatment area 21 for treatment, and the second plugging pipe 132 controls upper layer clear water accounting for 10-15% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond 11 to enter the artificial wet area 22 for treatment.

Through the technical scheme, when the bottom sewage and the upper clear water containing suspended particles in the prawn culture pond 11 can be discharged, the water volume of the culture water in the prawn culture pond 11 can be ensured to be suitable for the culture of the prawns, and meanwhile, the purified water in the ultrafiltration treatment zone 27 is discharged into the prawn culture pond 11 through the circulating water pipe, so that the culture of the prawns with the suitable water level in the prawn culture pond 11 is ensured.

The embodiment further provides that: the area of the sewage collecting and biological treatment area 21 is 8-10% of that of the high-position intensive culture unit 1, the sewage collecting and biological treatment area 21 comprises a plurality of vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells 211, a physical sedimentation tank 212 and a biological filler microbial treatment tank 213, the number of the vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells 211 is a plurality, the bottom is flat, the gradient of the side wall is 60 degrees, the well depth is 2m, an annular groove with the width of 20cm is arranged on the side wall with the depth of 1m of the vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well 211, sewage at the bottom layer in the well enters the annular groove through power drive and flows into the physical sedimentation tank 212 for treatment, and the flow rate is 5 m/s;

the number of the physical sedimentation tanks 212 is several, brushes are hung in the physical sedimentation tanks 212, and adsorbates are also arranged in the physical sedimentation tanks 212;

the biological filler microbial treatment pool 213 is communicated with the outflow end of the physical sedimentation pool 212 through a circulating water pipe, 3 cubes of flaky biological filler are filled in the biological filler microbial treatment pool 213, and the aquaculture water flows into the artificial wet area 22 through the circulating water pipe after being treated and is purified.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, in the dirty and biological treatment district 21 vortex formula centrifugation collection dirt well 211 of collection is discharged earlier to the bottom filth through blowdown subassembly 12 exhaust, centrifugal force through the dirty well of vortex centrifugation collection forms the swirl and collects particulate matter such as excrement and urine and incomplete bait, discharge into physical sedimentation tank 212 again in, the interior brush of physical sedimentation tank 212 is then can sediment downwards to the suspended particle of touchhing down to the suspended particle in the aquatic body, the adsorbate in the rethread physical sedimentation tank 212 adsorbs the suspended particle, thereby purify the aquatic body. The vortex centrifugal dirt collecting well is preferably set to be 2 and can be used alternatively. The adsorbate can be ceramsite, active carbon, etc. The aquaculture water purified by the physical sedimentation tank 212 is discharged into a biological filler microbial treatment tank 213 filled with sheet biological filler, and the sheet biological filler can decompose harmful substances such as sealing edges, residual bait, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the aquaculture water and also has the functions of filtering, accumulating and decomposing large-particle substances in the aquaculture water.

The embodiment further provides that: the total area of the artificial wet area 22 is 15 mu, the area ratio of the artificial wet area 22 to the high-position intensive culture unit 1 is 1:1, the artificial wet area 22 comprises a mangrove forest 221 area, a spartina alterniflora area 222 and a seawater vegetable area 223, and the area ratio of the mangrove forest 221 area, the spartina alterniflora area 222 and the seawater vegetable area 223 is 5:10: 1;

the Kandelia candel is planted in the mangrove 221 area, the height specification of the Kandelia candel is kept above 1m, and the planting density is 4-6 plants/m²；

The spartina alterniflora and scirpus hainanensis are planted in the spartina alterniflora area 222, the height of the spartina alterniflora is kept between 1 and 1.5m, the leaf length is kept between 40 and 50mm, a dense planting mode is adopted, and the planting density is 500 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 90 percent of the spartina alterniflora area 222, the height of the scirpus marigold rod is 25-35 cm, and the planting density is 1000 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 10% of the spartina alterniflora area 222;

a plurality of ecological floating islands which are in regular hexagon shapes are arranged on the water surface of the seawater vegetable area 223, the ecological floating islands cover the seawater vegetable area 223 and the area of the ecological floating islands is 600m²The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastics, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 16 holes/m²And planting the seawater vegetable suaeda salsa in the plant planting holes.

By adopting the technical scheme, scientific planting of the Kandelia candel, the Spartina alterniflora, the Scirpus maritima and the seawater vegetables is carried out in the artificial wet area 22, and rich nutrient substances (such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants) in the culture water can be absorbed and settled, so that the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved; the plants can absorb eutrophic substances and can increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture seawater through the oxygen secretion function of the root systems. The mangrove 221 area is planted with Kandelia candel, and when the aquaculture water body enters and drains water, tide intake and drainage are simulated, so that the time of the mangrove 221 area contacted by the aquaculture water body is 3 hours per day. The planting of the seawater vegetable suaeda glauca can also increase the output benefit. The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, is easy to machine and form, has good rigidity and low price, can float on the water surface, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, suaeda salsa can be planted in the plant planting holes, the root of the suaeda salsa is contacted with the culture water body, and the suaeda salsa can be used as shellfish filter food to supplement the culture water body, so that the synergistic effect is achieved, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed, and nutrient salts in the culture seawater are jointly degraded.

The embodiment further provides that: the shellfish culture area 23 is mainly used for culturing intertidal shellfish, the species of the intertidal shellfish are Scapharca granosa, Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, Cyclina sinensis and the like, the culture specification is more than 400 grains/kg, the culture area is 150 mu, and the culture density is 300-500 grains/m²The area of the shellfish culture area 23 is 10 times of the area of the prawn culture pond 11;

3/5 of the total area occupied by the beach in the shellfish culture area 23 is coated, directional culture of microalgae is simultaneously carried out in the shellfish culture area 23, the types of the microalgae are golden algae, chaetoceros, sea chain algae and the like, the culture density is controlled to be 1-3 multiplied by 10⁵cells/ml。

Through the technical scheme, a certain amount of shellfish is scientifically cultured in the shellfish culture area 23, when the culture water body in the artificial wet area 22 is discharged into the shellfish culture area 23 through the circulating water pipe, suspended solid particles which may be feed residues or excretion residues exist in the culture water body, mudflat shellfish can ingest the suspended solid particles or algae, the effect of purifying water quality is achieved, meanwhile, the shellfish culture is mature, the shellfish culture can be used for sale, and the output benefit is increased. Culturing microalgae such as gold algae, chaetoceros, streptococcus and the like in the water body of the shellfish culture area 23, for example, culturing the chaetoceros is beneficial to reducing shrimp pathogens similar to vibrio vulnificus, purifying the culture water body, improving the quality of the culture water body and reducing the prawn culture morbidity and mortality; the algae has high propagation speed, and can be used as food source of shellfish while reducing shrimp pathogens.

The embodiment further provides that: the ecological purification area 24 comprises a first ecological purification pond 241 and a second ecological purification pond 242, the water inlet end of the first ecological purification pond 241 is connected with the shellfish culture area 23 through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end of the first ecological purification pond is connected with the plant planting area 25 through a circulating water pipe, shallow sea shellfish are hung and cultured in the first ecological purification pond 241, the species of the shallow sea shellfish are portuguese oysters, the culture proportion is 5%, the culture number is 100 strings, the specification of the shellfish is 3-5 cm, filter feeding fishes or scrape feeding fishes are cultured in the first ecological purification pond 241, the culture species are yellow-eye mullets, the culture density is 20-30 tails/mu, and the specification of the fishes is 750-1500 g;

the planting area of the plant planting area 25 is 1.2 times of the area of the prawn culture pond 11, the plants planted in the plant planting area 25 are Kandelia candel and Kandelia japonica, the ratio of the Kandelia candel to the Kandelia japonica is 95%, the ratio of the Kandelia japonica to the Kandelia japonica is 5%, the height specification of the Kandelia japonica plants is more than 3m, and the planting density is 3-4 plants/m²The height specification of the tung flower plant is more than 1.5m, and the planting density is 4-5 plants/m²；

The water inlet end of the second ecological purification pond 242 is connected with the water outlet end of the plant planting area 25 through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end is connected with the simulated mountain processing area 26 through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of ecological floating islands with square shapes are arranged in the second ecological purification pond 242, the side length of the square ecological floating island is 20cm, the total area accounts for 20% of the second ecological purification pond 242, the ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed in the ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 25/m²And planting salicornia inside the plant planting holes.

Through the technical scheme, the first ecological purification pond 241 is connected with the shellfish culture zone 23 through a circulating water pipe, the culture water body in the shellfish culture zone 23 is discharged into the first ecological purification pond 241 through the circulating water pipe, the culture water body brings algae and non-purified suspended solid particles in the shellfish culture pond, and the scientifically cultured shellfish and fish in the first ecological purification pond 241 ingest organic debris and algae in the culture water body to play a role in purifying water quality, improve the culture water quality in the first ecological purification zone 24 and reduce diseases; meanwhile, the shellfish and the fish can be sold, so that the output benefit is increased. The water body of the cultivation in the first ecological purification pond 241 is discharged into the plant cultivation area 25 through a circulating water pipe, the Kandelia candel and the Kalopanax pictus flower scientifically planted in the plant cultivation area 25 are planted, the mangrove plant has the characteristic of developed root system and strong soil grabbing capacity, so that the soil is not easy to be washed by the water body of the cultivation discharged from the dark sedimentation treatment tank into the plant cultivation area 25, the mangrove plant has good purification capacity, and can absorb and settle the rich nutrient substances (such as nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants) in the water body of the cultivation to achieve the purpose of purifying the water quality; the plants can absorb eutrophic substances and can increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture seawater through the oxygen secretion function of the root systems. The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastic, is easy to machine and form, has good rigidity and low price, can float on the water surface, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed in the ecological floating island, the salicornia tent is planted in the plant planting holes, the root of the salicornia tent is contacted with a culture water body to play a synergistic effect, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are absorbed, and the nutrient salt in the culture seawater is jointly degraded.

The embodiment further provides that: the water outlet end of the simulated mountain body treatment area 26 is connected with the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of filter channels are arranged in the simulated mountain body treatment area 26, the depth of each filter channel is 1.2m, and sand, gravel and stones with different particle sizes are placed in the filter channels in a layered mode;

placing medium sand with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and particle size of 0.5-0.35 mm on the bottom layer of the filter channel;

gravel which is sieved by a 3-4 mesh sieve and has the grain diameter of 4.75-6.73 mm is placed on the middle layer of the filtering channel;

and stones with the particle size of 16-31.5 mm are placed on the upper layer of the filter channel.

Through the technical scheme, the sand, the gravel and the stones with different grain diameters are placed in the filter channel in a layered mode, and suspended substances and impurities in the aquaculture water flowing through the simulated mountain processing area 26 are absorbed and settled, so that the purpose of purifying water quality is achieved. After being treated by the simulated mountain body treatment area 26, the aquaculture water body is lifted by a water pump, a water tower and other devices with lifting action and is discharged into the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 for subsequent treatment.

The embodiment further provides that: the ultrafiltration treatment area 27 comprises a sand filter tank 271, membrane separation equipment 272 and ultrafiltration equipment 273, the sand filter tank 271, the membrane separation equipment 272 and the ultrafiltration equipment 273 are sequentially communicated through a circulating water pipe, and the water outlet end of the ultrafiltration equipment 273 is communicated with the prawn intensive culture pond through the circulating water pipe;

the sand filter 271 comprises a primary sand filter and a secondary sand filter, wherein the primary sand filter adopts fine sand with the fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 and the particle size of 0.35-0.25 mm, and the secondary sand filter adopts extra fine sand with the fineness modulus of 1.5-0.7 and the particle size of less than 0.25 mm;

the working pressure of the membrane separation equipment 272 is 2.0-7.5 MPa;

the aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafiltration device 273 is 0.01-0.1 μm.

Through the technical scheme, the aquaculture water purified by the simulated mountain body treatment area 26 is discharged into the first-level sand filter and the second-level sand filter through the circulating water pipe for filtering treatment, macromolecular solid particles and colloid in the aquaculture water are intercepted, the aquaculture water is clarified and then is discharged into the membrane separation equipment 272 and the ultrafiltration equipment 273 in sequence for purification treatment, the aquaculture water purified by the ultrafiltration equipment 273 is communicated with the prawn culture pond 11 of the high-level intensive culture unit 1 through the circulating water pipe, and the purified aquaculture water is discharged into the prawn intensive culture pond, so that the recycling and purification of the aquaculture water are realized. The membrane separation equipment 272 can effectively remove impurities such as suspended matters, bacteria, viruses, inorganic matters, pesticides, organic matters, dissolved gas and the like in water; the ultrafiltration device 273 can only allow solvents (such as water molecules), inorganic salts and small molecular organic matters in the aquaculture water to permeate, and can retain suspended matters, colloids, proteins, microorganisms and other macromolecular substances in the aquaculture water, so that the aquaculture water is purified, and the aquaculture water can reach the appropriate aquaculture water quality of the penaeus vannamei boone.

Although the high-level intensive culture unit-1, the prawn culture pond-11, the sewage discharge assembly-12, the driving member-121, the sewage discharge pipe-122, the first blocking pipe-123, the water discharge assembly-13, the water discharge pipe-131, the second blocking pipe-132, the circulating purification unit-2, the sewage collection and biological treatment area-21, the vortex centrifugal sewage collection well-211, the physical sedimentation tank-212, the biological filler microbial treatment tank-213, the artificial wet area-22, the mangrove-221, the spartina area-222, the seawater vegetable area-223, the shellfish culture area-23, the ecological purification area-24, the first ecological purification tank-241, the second ecological purification tank-242, the plant cultivation area-25, the simulated mountain body treatment area-26 are more commonly used herein, ultrafiltration treatment zone-27, sand filter-271, membrane separation unit-272, ultrafiltration unit-273, but does not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a south america white shrimp engineering sea water circulation farming systems which characterized in that: the device comprises a high-level intensive culture unit for culturing prawns and a circulating purification unit which is matched and connected with the high-level intensive culture unit and is used for purifying a culture water body, wherein the circulating purification unit comprises a sewage collection and biological treatment region, an artificial wet region, a shellfish culture region, an ecological purification region, a plant planting region, a simulated mountain body treatment region and an ultrafiltration treatment region, the high-level intensive culture unit comprises a plurality of prawn culture ponds, a sewage discharge assembly and a water discharge assembly which are arranged in the prawn culture pond, culture sewage at the bottom of the prawn culture pond is discharged into the sewage collection and biological treatment region through the sewage discharge assembly for treatment and then discharged into the artificial wet region for treatment, upper clear water in the prawn culture pond is discharged into the artificial wet region through the water discharge assembly for treatment, and the culture water body treated in the artificial wet region sequentially flows through the shellfish culture region, the ecological purification region, the plant species region and the ultrafiltration region which are communicated through a circulating water pipe, And the simulated mountain body treatment area and the ultrafiltration treatment area are used for filtering and purifying, and the purified aquaculture water flowing out of the ultrafiltration treatment area flows back into the high-position prawn culture pond through a circulating water pipe, so that the recycling and the cyclic purification of the aquaculture water are formed.

2. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the prawn culture pond is characterized in that the culture area of the prawn culture pond is 1-1.5 mu, the culture density of the prawns is 10-15 ten thousand tails per mu, the sewage discharge assembly comprises a driving piece for enabling culture water to form annular flow, a sewage discharge pipe arranged at the bottom of the prawn culture pond and communicated with the prawn culture pond, and a first blocking pipe communicated with a biological treatment area for collecting sewage, wherein one end of the sewage discharge pipe is arranged at the center of the bottom of the prawn culture pond, and the first blocking pipe is in plug fit with the other end of the sewage discharge pipe;

the drainage assembly comprises a drainage pipe arranged on the outer side of the prawn culture pond and a second blocking pipe communicated with the artificial wetland area, one end of the drainage pipe is communicated with the prawn culture pond, the other end of the drainage pipe is in plug-in fit with the second blocking pipe, and the top surfaces of the first blocking pipe and the second blocking pipe are higher than the water surface of the culture water body.

3. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom of the prawn culture pond is arranged in a pot bottom shape, the inclined angle of the slope of the side wall of the bottom of the prawn culture pond is 45-60 degrees, hard shell clams are hung on the slope of the bottom of the prawn culture pond, and the culture density is 20-30 clams/m³The specification of the shellfish is more than 5cm, and the depth is controlled to be 60-80 cm.

4. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 2, characterized in that: the first plugging pipe controls bottom layer sewage accounting for 2-3% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond to enter a sewage collecting and biological treatment area for treatment, and the second plugging pipe controls upper layer clear water accounting for 10-15% of aquaculture water in the prawn culture pond to enter an artificial wet area for treatment.

5. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the area of the sewage collecting and biological treatment area is 8% -10% of that of the high-position intensive culture unit, the sewage collecting and biological treatment area comprises a plurality of vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells, a physical sedimentation tank and a biological filler microbial treatment tank, the number of the vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting wells is a plurality, the bottom of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is flat, the gradient of the side wall of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is 60 degrees, the depth of each vortex type centrifugal sewage collecting well is 2m, sewage at the bottom layer in each well flows into the physical sedimentation tank through power driving to be treated, and the flow rate is 5 m/s;

the number of the physical sedimentation tanks is multiple, hairbrushes are hung in the physical sedimentation tanks, and adsorbates are also arranged in the physical sedimentation tanks;

the biological filler microbial treatment tank is communicated with the outflow end of the physical sedimentation tank through a circulating water pipe, the biological filler microbial treatment tank is filled with the flaky biological filler, and the aquaculture water is treated and then flows into an artificial wet area through the circulating water pipe for purification treatment.

6. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the total area of the artificial wet area is 15 mu, the area ratio of the artificial wet area to the high-position intensive culture unit is 1:1, the artificial wet area comprises a mangrove forest area, a spartina alterniflora area and a seawater vegetable area, and the area ratio of the mangrove forest area, the spartina alterniflora area and the seawater vegetable area is 5:10: 1;

the Kandelia candel is planted in the mangrove forest area, the height specification of the Kandelia candel is kept above 1m, and the planting density is 4-6 plants/m²；

The spartina alterniflora and scirpus haisanensis are planted in the spartina alterniflora area, the height of the spartina alterniflora is kept between 1 and 1.5m, the leaf length is kept between 40 and 50mm, a dense planting mode is adopted, and the planting density is 500 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 90 percent of the spartina alterniflora area, the height of the scirpus maritima is 25-35 cm, and the planting density is 1000 plants/m²The planting area accounts for 10 percent of the spartina alterniflora area;

a plurality of ecological floating islands which are in regular hexagon shapes are arranged on the water surface of the seawater vegetable area, the ecological floating islands cover the seawater vegetable area, and the area of the ecological floating islands is 600m²The ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastics, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 16 holes/m²And planting the seawater vegetable suaeda salsa in the plant planting holes.

7. According to the claimsClaim 1 the litopenaeus vannamei engineering seawater circulating aquaculture system is characterized in that: the shellfish culture area is mainly used for culturing intertidal shellfish, the species of the intertidal shellfish are Scapharca granosa, Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, Cyclina sinensis and the like, the culture specification is more than 400 grains/kg, the culture area is 150 mu, and the culture density is 300-500 grains/m²The area of the shellfish culture area is 10 times of that of the prawn culture pond;

3/5 of the total area occupied by the beach area in the shellfish culture area, wherein the directional culture of microalgae is simultaneously carried out in the shellfish culture area, the types of the microalgae are golden algae, chaetoceros, streptococcus and the like, and the culture density is controlled to be 1-3 multiplied by 10⁵cells/ml。

8. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the ecological purification area comprises a first ecological purification pond and a second ecological purification pond, the water inlet end of the first ecological purification pond is connected with the shellfish culture area through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end of the first ecological purification pond is connected with the plant planting area through a circulating water pipe, shallow sea shellfish are hung in the first ecological purification pond, the species of the shallow sea shellfish is Crassostrea viticola, the culture proportion is 5%, the culture quantity is 100 strings, the specification of the shellfish is 3-5 cm, filter feeding or scrape feeding fishes are simultaneously cultured in the first ecological purification pond, the culture species is mullet yellow eyes, the culture density is 20-30 tails/mu, and the specification of the fishes is 750-1500 g;

the planting area of the plant planting area is 1.2 times of the area of the prawn culture pond, the plants planted in the plant planting area are Kandelia candel and Kalopanax pictus nakai, the ratio of the Kandelia pictus nakai to the Kalopanax pictus nakai is 95%, the ratio of the Kalopanax pictus nakai to the Kalopanax pictus nakai is 5%, the height specification of the Kandelia pictus nakai is more than 3m, and the planting density²The height specification of the tung flower plant is more than 1.5m, and the planting density is 4-5 plants/m²；

The water inlet end of the second ecological purification pond is connected with the water outlet end of the plant planting area through a circulating water pipe, the water outlet end of the second ecological purification pond is connected with the simulated mountain processing area through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of ecological floating islands in square shapes are arranged in the second ecological purification pond, the side length of each ecological floating island in the square shape is 20cm, and the total area of each ecological floating island accounts for the second ecological floating island20% of the ecological purification pond, the ecological floating island is made of high-density polystyrene plastics, plant planting holes are uniformly distributed on the ecological floating island, and the distribution density of the plant planting holes is 25/m²And planting salicornia inside the plant planting holes.

9. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the water outlet end of the simulated mountain body treatment area is connected with the ultrafiltration treatment area through a circulating water pipe, a plurality of filter channels are arranged in the simulated mountain body treatment area, the depth of each filter channel is 1.2m, and sand, gravel and stones with different particle sizes are placed in the filter channels in a layered mode;

placing medium sand with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and particle size of 0.5-0.35 mm on the bottom layer of the filter channel;

gravel which is sieved by a 3-4 mesh sieve and has the grain diameter of 4.75-6.73 mm is placed on the middle layer of the filtering channel;

and stones with the particle size of 16-31.5 mm are placed on the upper layer of the filter channel.

10. The litopenaeus vannamei engineered seawater circulating aquaculture system of claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrafiltration treatment area comprises a sand filter, membrane separation equipment and ultrafiltration equipment, the sand filter, the membrane separation equipment and the ultrafiltration equipment are sequentially communicated through a circulating water pipe, and the water outlet end of the ultrafiltration equipment is communicated with the prawn intensive culture pond through the circulating water pipe;

the sand filter pool comprises a primary sand filter and a secondary sand filter, wherein the primary sand filter adopts fine sand with the fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 and the particle size of 0.35-0.25 mm, and the secondary sand filter adopts extra fine sand with the fineness modulus of 1.5-0.7 and the particle size of less than 0.25 mm;

the working pressure of the membrane separation equipment is 2.0-7.5 MPa;

the aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafiltration equipment is 0.01-0.1 mu m.

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