CN111277326A - Method for measuring optical fiber dispersion coefficient by using entangled photon pair - Google Patents

Method for measuring optical fiber dispersion coefficient by using entangled photon pair Download PDF

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CN111277326A
CN111277326A CN202010071188.4A CN202010071188A CN111277326A CN 111277326 A CN111277326 A CN 111277326A CN 202010071188 A CN202010071188 A CN 202010071188A CN 111277326 A CN111277326 A CN 111277326A
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李百宏
董瑞芳
权润爱
项晓
刘涛
张首刚
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Xian University of Science and Technology
National Time Service Center of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07951—Monitoring or measuring chromatic dispersion or PMD
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using an entangled photon pair, which comprises the steps of generating an energy-time entangled photon pair by building a complete optical path, and outputting signal light s and idle light i to a detector; measuring and calculating the joint detection probability of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipment to obtain the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function, replacing the optical fiber to be measured in the complete optical path, and measuring and calculating the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function corresponding to the replaced optical fiber to be measured under the condition of the optical fibers to be measured with different lengths1,Δt2,Δt3LΔtnReplacing the optical fiber to be measured for more than or equal to 5 times; and (4) drawing the obtained data in Origin software, and calculating to obtain the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured. The invention has high measurement precision and small measurement error, and is suitable for measuring the dispersion coefficient of various optical fibers such as single-mode optical fiber, dispersion compensation optical fiber and the like.

Description

Method for measuring optical fiber dispersion coefficient by using entangled photon pair
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dispersion measurement methods, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs.
Background
Optical fiber-based quantum communication is a new generation of communication technology in the future. The core resource utilized by this technology is the entanglement light source. When the entangled light source is transmitted in the optical fiber, the entangled light source is affected by the dispersion of the optical fiber, thereby affecting the communication quality. Therefore, when the optical fiber is transmitted, the dispersion compensation device is needed to compensate the dispersion of the entangled light source in the optical fiber, and the premise of compensation is to measure the dispersion coefficients of the optical fiber to be compensated and the dispersion compensation device.
The traditional dispersion measurement methods mainly include a pulse delay method, a phase shift method, a mode field diameter method, an interference method and the like. These methods have drawbacks and drawbacks: for example, the pulse delay method is easily interfered by the environment, and the anti-interference capability is poor; the phase shift method is easily interfered by atmospheric disturbance and environmental vibration; the mode field diameter method requires a complex time-frequency analysis algorithm to calculate and analyze the measurement result; the lateral resolution of interferometry is low, etc. However, because the entangled photons belong to weak light (single photon level), these conventional methods are not suitable for measuring the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber in the optical fiber-based quantum communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs, which solves the problem that the traditional method in the prior art is not suitable for measuring the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber in optical fiber-based quantum communication.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber by using the entangled photon pair is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, building a complete light path, generating an energy-time entangled photon pair, and outputting a signal light s and an idle light i to a detector;
step 2, measuring and calculating the joint detection probability of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipment to obtain the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function, replacing the optical fiber to be detected in the complete optical path, and measuring and calculating the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function corresponding to the replaced optical fiber to be detected under the condition of the optical fibers to be detected with different lengths1,Δt2,Δt3L ΔtnReplacing the optical fiber to be measured for more than or equal to 5 times;
and 3, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, and calculating to obtain the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, the wavelength of the complete optical route is lambda0The continuous laser emits laser, the laser pumps nonlinear crystal or waveguide, and the central wavelength is generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion process0The energy-time entanglement photon pair of (1) to obtain signal light s and idle light i; filtering redundant pump light by using a filter;
step 1.2, enabling the signal light s and the idle light i to pass through a collimator, and coupling the generated signal light s and the idle light i into an optical fiber to obtain a coupled light beam;
step 1.3, the coupled light beam is divided into signal light s and idle light i by the beam splitter, so that the signal light s is subjected to chromatic dispersion k ″sLength of lsThe optical fiber to be detected enters the detector 1, and the idle light i directly enters the detector 2; or the idle light i has a dispersion k ″)iLength of liThe optical fiber to be detected enters the detector 1, and the signal light s directly enters the detector 2.
The joint detection probability of the coincidence counting device recording signal light s and the idle light i in the step 2 is in proportion to the following Glauber second-order correlation function G(2)：
Figure BDA0002377338170000021
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000022
representing the standard deviation of the gaussian function in equation (1), γ 0.04822, B being the difference between the reciprocal group velocities between two photon pairs, L being the length of the nonlinear crystal; t1, t2Representing the arrival times of photons at detector 1 and detector 2, respectively;
G(2)has a full width at half maximum of
Figure BDA0002377338170000031
In general, because the second term is much larger than the first term in the σ expression, there is
Δt＝ξs,ils,i(2)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000032
b, L are all constants for a given nonlinear crystal.
Step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, setting the intercept to be zero and performing linear fitting to obtain the slope ξ of a straight lines,i；
Step 3.2, substituting the gamma and B, L parameters into the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the dispersion k ″' of the optical fiber to be measureds,i；
Step 3.3, k' can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002377338170000033
Wherein D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured, and the unit is ps/nmkm, lambda0As the center wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the dispersion coefficient D of the fiber to be measured is finally obtained
Figure BDA0002377338170000034
Step 1.1 the nonlinear crystal or waveguide comprises: BBO, BIBO, LBO, KDP, KTP, PPKTP, PPLN, SLT, PPSLT, LN.
In the step 1.3, the detectors 1 and 2 are semiconductor detectors or single-photon detectors.
The coincidence counting apparatus in step 2 includes: picoharp, Ortec, hydraHarp, TCSPC.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber in optical fiber quantum communication, which is suitable for measuring the dispersion coefficient of various optical fibers such as a single-mode optical fiber, a dispersion compensation optical fiber and the like.
2. The invention has high measurement precision and small measurement error.
3. The pump light source used by the invention is continuous laser, and the cost is lower than that of pulse laser.
4. The invention can measure the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber at various wavelengths.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical diagram of a method of measuring the Abbe number of an optical fiber using entangled photon pairs according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the experimental results of example 1 of a method for measuring dispersion coefficient of optical fiber according to the present invention using entangled photon pairs;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the experimental results of example 2 of a method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber according to the present invention using entangled photon pairs.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
A method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, building a complete light path, generating energy-time entangled photon pairs as shown in figure 1, and outputting signal light s and idle light i to a detector;
the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, a complete optical path is formed by emitting a continuous laser pump L with the wavelength of 780nm as a PPKTP crystal with the length of 10mm by a continuous laser, pumping a nonlinear crystal by the laser, generating an entangled photon pair with the type II frequency degeneracy and the central wavelength of 1560nm through a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and obtaining a signal light s and an idle light i; filtering redundant pump light by using a filter;
step 1.2, enabling the signal light s and the idle light i to pass through a collimator, and coupling the generated signal light s and the idle light i into an optical fiber to obtain a coupled light beam;
step 1.3, the coupled light beam is divided into signal light s and idle light i by the beam splitter, so that the signal light s is subjected to chromatic dispersion k ″sLength of lsThe single mode fiber to be tested enters the detector 1, and the idle light i directly enters the detector 2.
The PPKTP crystal parameter B is 2.96ps/cm, and the electrode period is 46.146 μm.
Step 2, measuring and calculating the joint detection probability of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipment to obtain the Glauber second-order correlation function full width at half maximum delta t, replacing the single-mode optical fiber to be measured in the complete optical path, and measuring G when the length of the single-mode optical fiber is 10km, 20km, 50km, 60km and 70km respectively(2)The distribution of the full width at half maximum delta t along with the length of the single-mode fiber, and the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function is recorded1,Δt2,Δt3L Δt5；
The joint detection probability of the coincidence counting device recording signal light s and the idle light i in the step 2 is in proportion to the following Glauber second-order correlation function G(2)：
Figure BDA0002377338170000051
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000052
representing the standard deviation of the gaussian function in equation (1), γ 0.04822, B being the difference between the reciprocal group velocities between two photon pairs, and L being the length of the nonlinear crystal. t is t1，t2Representing the arrival times of photons at detector 1 and detector 2, respectively;
G(2)has a full width at half maximum of
Figure BDA0002377338170000053
In general, because the second term is much larger than the first term in the σ expression, there is
Δt＝ξsls(2)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000054
step 3, the obtained data is plotted in Origin software, and the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured is obtained through calculation;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, setting the intercept to be zero and performing linear fitting to obtain the slope ξ of a straight lines；
Step 3.2, substituting the gamma and B, L parameters into the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the dispersion k ″' of the optical fiber to be measureds,i；
Step 3.3, k' can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002377338170000061
Wherein D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured, and the unit is ps/nmkm, lambda0As the center wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the dispersion coefficient D of the fiber to be measured is finally obtained
Figure BDA0002377338170000062
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the degree of fitting obtained by linear fitting was 99.96%, and the slope of the obtained straight line was ξsThe dispersion of the single-mode fiber at 1560nm is calculated by substituting the parameters γ and B, L into equation (3) at (42.96 ± 0.37) ps/km:
k″s＝-(2.372±0.021)×10-26s2m, coefficient of dispersion Ds＝(18.4±0.16)ps/nm km。
In step 1.3, the detectors 1 and 2 are semiconductor detectors.
The coincidence counting device in step 2 employs picoharap.
Example 2
A method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, building a complete light path, generating energy-time entangled photon pairs as shown in figure 1, and outputting signal light s and idle light i to a detector;
the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, a complete optical path is formed by emitting a continuous laser pump L with the wavelength of 780nm as a PPKTP crystal with the length of 10mm by a continuous laser, pumping a nonlinear crystal by the laser, generating an entangled photon pair with the type II frequency degeneracy and the central wavelength of 1560nm through a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and obtaining a signal light s and an idle light i; filtering redundant pump light by using a filter;
step 1.2, enabling the signal light s and the idle light i to pass through a collimator, and coupling the generated signal light s and the idle light i into an optical fiber to obtain a coupled light beam;
step 1.3, the coupled light beam is divided into signal light s and idle light i by the beam splitter, so that the idle light i is subjected to chromatic dispersion k ″iLength of liThe dispersion compensation fiber to be measured enters the detector 1, and the signal light s directly enters the detector 2.
The PPKTP crystal parameter B is 2.96ps/cm, and the electrode period is 46.146 μm.
Step 2, measuring and calculating the joint detection probability of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipment to obtain the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function, replacing the dispersion compensation optical fiber to be measured in the complete optical path, and measuring G when the dispersion compensation optical fiber is 1.245km, 2.49km, 6.255km, 7.49km and 8.715km respectively(2)The full width at half maximum Deltat of the Glauber second order correlation function is recorded along with the distribution of the dispersion compensating fiber1,Δt2,Δt3L Δt5；
The joint detection probability of the coincidence counting device recording signal light s and the idle light i in the step 2 is in proportion to the following Glauber second-order correlation function G(2)：
Figure BDA0002377338170000071
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000072
representing the standard deviation of the gaussian function in equation (1), γ 0.04822, B being the difference between the reciprocal group velocities between two photon pairs, and L being the length of the nonlinear crystal. t is t1，t2Representing the arrival times of photons at detector 1 and detector 2, respectively;
G(2)has a full width at half maximum of
Figure BDA0002377338170000073
In general, because the second term is much larger than the first term in the σ expression, there is
Δt＝ξili(2)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000081
step 3, the obtained data is plotted in Origin software, and the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured is obtained through calculation;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, setting the intercept to be zero and performing linear fitting to obtain the slope ξ of a straight linei；
Step 3.2, substituting the gamma and B, L parameters into the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the dispersion k ″' of the optical fiber to be measuredi；
Step 3.3, k' can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002377338170000082
Wherein D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured, and the unit is ps/nmkm, lambda0As the center wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the dispersion coefficient D of the fiber to be measured is finally obtained
Figure BDA0002377338170000083
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the degree of fitting obtained by linear fitting was 99.97%, and the slope of the obtained straight line was ξiThe dispersion of the dispersion compensation fiber at 1560nm is calculated by substituting the parameters γ and B, L into equation (3) at (359.63 ± 2.71) ps/km:
k″i＝(1.985±0.015)×10-25s2m, coefficient of dispersion Di＝-(154.0±1.16)ps/nm km。
In step 1.3, the detectors 1 and 2 are single photon detectors.
And adopting Ortec as coincidence counting equipment in the step 2.
Example 3
A method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, building a complete light path, generating energy-time entangled photon pairs as shown in figure 1, and outputting signal light s and idle light i to a detector;
the step 1 is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1.1, a complete optical route is formed by emitting a continuous laser pump L with the wavelength of 458nm as a BBO crystal with the length of 1mm by a continuous laser, the laser pump nonlinear crystal generates an entangled photon pair with the type II frequency degeneracy and the central wavelength of 916nm through a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and then signal light s and idle light i are obtained; filtering redundant pump light by using a filter;
step 1.2, enabling the signal light s and the idle light i to pass through a collimator, and coupling the generated signal light s and the idle light i into an optical fiber to obtain a coupled light beam;
step 1.3, the coupled light beam is divided into signal light s and idle light i by the beam splitter, so that the idle light i is subjected to chromatic dispersion k ″iLength of liThe dispersion compensation fiber to be measured enters the detector 1, and the signal light s directly enters the detector 2.
BBO crystal parameter B is 1.5 ps/cm.
Step 2, measuring and calculating the union of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipmentCombining the detection probabilities to obtain a Glauber second order correlation function full width at half maximum delta t, replacing the dispersion compensation fiber to be measured in the complete optical path, and measuring G when the dispersion compensation fiber is 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km and 5km respectively(2)The full width at half maximum Deltat of the Glauber second order correlation function is recorded along with the distribution of the dispersion compensating fiber1,Δt2,Δt3L Δt5；
The joint detection probability of the coincidence counting device recording signal light s and the idle light i in the step 2 is in proportion to the following Glauber second-order correlation function G(2)：
Figure BDA0002377338170000091
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000092
representing the standard deviation of the gaussian function in equation (1), γ 0.04822, B being the difference between the reciprocal group velocities between two photon pairs, and L being the length of the nonlinear crystal. t is t1，t2Representing the arrival times of photons at detector 1 and detector 2, respectively;
G(2)has a full width at half maximum of
Figure BDA0002377338170000093
In general, because the second term is much larger than the first term in the σ expression, there is
Δt＝ξili(2)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377338170000101
b, L are all constants for a given nonlinear crystal.
Step 3, the obtained data is plotted in Origin software, and the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured is obtained through calculation;
step 3 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 3.1, using the obtained data in Origin softwarePlot the plot, set the intercept to zero and fit linearly, resulting in the slope ξ of the straight linei；
Step 3.2, substituting the gamma and B, L parameters into the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the dispersion k ″' of the optical fiber to be measuredi；
Step 3.3, k' can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002377338170000102
Wherein D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured, and the unit is ps/nmkm, lambda0As the center wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the dispersion coefficient D of the fiber to be measured is finally obtained
Figure BDA0002377338170000103
In step 1.3, the detectors 1 and 2 are single photon detectors.
And in the step 2, the coincidence counting equipment adopts hydraHarp.

Claims (7)

1. A method for measuring the dispersion coefficient of an optical fiber by using entangled photon pairs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, building a complete light path, generating an energy-time entangled photon pair, and outputting a signal light s and an idle light i to a detector;
step 2, measuring and calculating the joint detection probability of the signal light s and the idle light i by utilizing coincidence counting equipment to obtain the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function, replacing the optical fiber to be detected in the complete optical path, and measuring and calculating the full width at half maximum delta t of the Glauber second-order correlation function corresponding to the replaced optical fiber to be detected under the condition of the optical fibers to be detected with different lengths1,Δt2,Δt3…ΔtnReplacing the optical fiber to be measured for more than or equal to 5 times;
and 3, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, and calculating to obtain the dispersion coefficient D of the optical fiber to be measured.
2. The method for measuring the abbe number of the optical fiber by using the entangled photon pair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 1 is specifically performed according to the following steps:
step 1.1, the wavelength of the complete optical route is lambda0The continuous laser emits laser light, which pumps a nonlinear crystal or waveguide, producing a central wavelength λ by spontaneous parametric down-conversion0The energy-time entanglement photon pair of (1) to obtain signal light s and idle light i; filtering redundant pump light by using a filter;
step 1.2, enabling the signal light s and the idle light i to pass through a collimator, and coupling the generated signal light s and the generated idle light i into an optical fiber to obtain a coupled light beam;
step 1.3, the coupled light beam is divided into signal light s and idle light i by the beam splitter, so that the signal light s is subjected to dispersion k ″', andslength of lsThe optical fiber to be detected enters the detector 1, and the idle light i directly enters the detector 2; or the idle light i has a dispersion k ″)iLength of liThe optical fiber to be detected enters the detector 1, and the signal light s directly enters the detector 2.
3. The method for measuring the Abbe number of optical fiber using entangled photon pair according to claim 1, wherein the joint detection probability of the coincidence counting device recording signal light s and idle light i in step 2 is proportional to the following Glauber's second-order correlation function G(2)：
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000021
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000022
representing the standard deviation of the gaussian function in equation (1), γ 0.04822, B being the difference between the reciprocal group velocities between two photon pairs, L being the length of the nonlinear crystal; t is t1，t2Representing the arrival times of photons at detector 1 and detector 2, respectively;
G(2)has a full width at half maximum of
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000023
In general, because the second term is much larger than the first term in the σ expression, there is
Δt＝ξs,ils,i(2)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000024
b, L are all constants for a given nonlinear crystal.
4. The method for measuring the abbe number of the optical fiber by using the entangled photon pair as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step 3 is specifically performed according to the following steps:
step 3.1, drawing the obtained data in Origin software, setting the intercept to be zero and performing linear fitting to obtain the slope ξ of a straight lines,i；
Step 3.2, substituting the gamma and B, L parameters into the formula (3), and calculating to obtain the dispersion k ″' of the optical fiber to be measureds,i；
Step 3.3, k' can be expressed as
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000025
Wherein D is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured, and the unit is ps/nm km, lambda0As the center wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and the dispersion coefficient D of the fiber to be measured is finally obtained
Figure RE-FDA0002444723370000031
5. A method for measuring the abbe number of optical fiber using entangled photon pairs according to claim 2 and the method for measuring the abbe number of optical fiber using entangled photon pairs according to claim 2, wherein the nonlinear crystal or waveguide in step 1.1 comprises: BBO, BIBO, LBO, KDP, KTP, PPKTP, PPLN, SLT, PPSLT, LN.
6. The method for measuring the Abbe's number using entangled photon pair according to claim 2, wherein the detectors 1 and 2 in step 1.3 are semiconductor detectors or single photon detectors.
7. The method for measuring the abbe number of the optical fiber by using the entangled photon pair according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 coincidence counting device comprises: picoharp, Ortec, hydraHarp, TCSPC.
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CN113804412A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-12-17 广东工业大学 Optical fiber device micro-chromaticity dispersion measuring device based on ring light path structure
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CN114499671B (en) * 2022-01-26 2024-02-06 中国科学院国家授时中心 Microwave frequency anti-distortion and anti-dispersion measurement method based on quantum entanglement light source

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Application publication date: 20200612