CN111276768A - Temperature control device and control method thereof, and electric automobile - Google Patents

Temperature control device and control method thereof, and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111276768A
CN111276768A CN201811472892.XA CN201811472892A CN111276768A CN 111276768 A CN111276768 A CN 111276768A CN 201811472892 A CN201811472892 A CN 201811472892A CN 111276768 A CN111276768 A CN 111276768A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
compressor
battery
pressure
rotating speed
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Pending
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CN201811472892.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
段炼
黎帅
袁侠义
李四旺
陈正琪
葛吉伟
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd filed Critical Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN201811472892.XA priority Critical patent/CN111276768A/en
Publication of CN111276768A publication Critical patent/CN111276768A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a temperature control device and a control method thereof, and an electric automobile, wherein the device comprises a control unit, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit, a compressor, a condenser, a Battery Management System (BMS), a passenger compartment air conditioning system and a power battery cooling system; the compressor, the condenser and the passenger compartment air conditioning system form a first closed loop, the compressor, the condenser and the power battery cooling system form a second closed loop, and a refrigerant circulates in the first closed loop and the second closed loop; a first electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the passenger compartment air conditioning system connected with the condenser, and a second electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the power battery cooling system connected with the condenser. The control unit receives and determines the rotating speed of the compressor according to the heat load data of the passenger compartment of the heat load detection unit of the passenger compartment and the battery heat load data of the battery management system, and adjusts the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve to cool the battery and the passenger compartment.

Description

Temperature control device and control method thereof, and electric automobile
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power battery cooling, in particular to a temperature control device and a control method thereof, and an electric automobile.
Background
The power battery is a main energy source of the electric automobile, when the automobile runs under different running conditions of alternative transformation such as high speed, low speed, acceleration and deceleration, the power battery can discharge at different rates, a large amount of heat is generated at different heat generation rates, and uneven heat accumulation can be generated due to time accumulation and space influence, so that the temperature of the running environment of the battery pack is complicated and variable, and the performance and the service life of the battery can be influenced if the battery pack is not cooled timely and effectively. The optimum working temperature of the power battery is generally 25 ℃ to 30 ℃, and in order to make the output voltage, current and power of the battery consistent as much as possible and give full play to the efficiency of the battery module, the temperature difference of the battery module needs to be within 5 ℃, namely, the battery module has good uniformity.
At present, the cooling modes of the power battery mainly include the following modes:
(1) natural air cooling
The natural cooling does not have extra device to carry out the heat transfer, utilizes the difference in temperature of battery and external world, realizes the heat transfer. For example, BYD has been used for natural cooling in Qin, Tang, Song, E6, Teng, and other vehicle types.
(2) Forced air cooling
Air cooling system components: cooling air duct, fan, resistance wire.
The cooling and heating are realized by introducing cold air or hot air by using a fan and assisting with the design of air ducts inside and outside the battery pack. The type selection of the fan and the design of the air duct structure directly influence the cooling effect of the air cooling system of the battery pack. The air flow rate needs to be determined according to the heat generation rate of the battery; the temperature rise requirement of each module is met; and selecting a fan meeting the requirement based on the air flow required by the system and the pressure drop curve of the system. For example, Toyota Puruis employs forced air cooling.
(3) Liquid cooling
The heat of the battery is taken to the outside or the battery is heated by using a cooling liquid circulation system. The battery cooling loop exchanges heat with the air conditioner cooling loop through a condenser, and finally the heat is dissipated out of the vehicle through the condenser of the front end cooling module. Liquid cooling has a good cooling effect and can make the temperature distribution of the battery pack uniform, but liquid cooling has a high requirement on the sealing performance of the battery pack, so that not only is the complexity of the system increased, but also the cooling effect is reduced. The liquid cooling system is heavy, costly and bulky. For example, tesla Model S also employs liquid cooling.
(4) Direct cooling of refrigerant
Direct cooling adopts refrigerant (R134 a) as heat transfer medium, and the refrigerant can absorbed a large amount of heat at gas-liquid phase transition in-process, compares the cryogenic fluid and can greatly promote cooling rate, takes away the heat of battery system inside more fast. BMW i3, i8, Benz S400 used a direct chill protocol.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following technical problems:
the natural cooling of (1) th kind, cooling capacity depend on external environment completely, are fit for the battery module less, the not big motorcycle type of calorific capacity.
The forced air cooling of the (2) type has low convection heat transfer coefficient due to air cooling, so that the cooling and heating speed is slow.
The liquid cooling of (3) th kind of liquid cooling uses the most on the real vehicle, and liquid cooling has better cooling effect, can make the temperature distribution of group battery even moreover, but liquid cooling has very high requirement to the leakproofness of battery package, has so not only increased the complexity of system but also reduced cooling effect. The liquid cooling system has low reliability, slow cooling rate, too many movable parts, high weight and cost and large volume.
The (4) th vehicle-mounted application case is few, the technical difficulty is high, the control is difficult, and the controllability and the uniformity of phase change heat absorption are poor.
In summary, the cooling technology of the vehicle power battery in the prior art needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a temperature control device, a control method thereof and an electric automobile so as to reduce the complexity of a power battery cooling system of the electric automobile and improve the cooling effect.
To achieve the object of the present application, a first aspect of the present application provides a temperature control device including a control unit, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit, a compressor, a condenser, a Battery Management System (BMS), a passenger compartment air conditioning system, and a power battery cooling system;
the compressor, the condenser and the passenger compartment air conditioning system form a first closed loop, the compressor, the condenser and the power battery cooling system form a second closed loop, and a refrigerant circulates in the first closed loop and the second closed loop;
a first electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the passenger compartment air conditioning system connected with the condenser, and a second electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the power battery cooling system connected with the condenser;
the control unit is used for receiving and determining the rotating speed of the compressor according to the passenger compartment heat load data of the passenger compartment heat load detection unit and the battery heat load data of the battery management system, and adjusting the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve.
As a modification of the first aspect, a gas-liquid separator is provided in a pipe between the passenger compartment air conditioning system and the compressor.
As a modification of the first aspect, the passenger compartment air conditioning system includes an air conditioner evaporator and a blower for blowing air conditioner evaporator evaporated gas to the passenger compartment.
As a refinement of the first aspect, the power battery cooling system includes a battery evaporator and a plurality of thermoelectric modules; the first contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the battery evaporator, the second contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module, and the control unit is further used for controlling the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be powered on or powered off according to the battery thermal load data.
As a modification of the first aspect, the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in the space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator.
As an improvement of the first aspect, the air conditioner evaporator has a first refrigerant inlet and a first refrigerant outlet, the first refrigerant inlet is connected to the first electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the first refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor is arranged on the pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet, and the control unit is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the air conditioner evaporator according to temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
As an improvement of the first aspect, the battery evaporator has a second refrigerant inlet and a second refrigerant outlet, the second refrigerant inlet is connected to the second electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the second refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is arranged on the pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet, and the control unit is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the battery evaporator according to temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
As an improvement of the first aspect, a throttle valve is disposed on a pipeline between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and the control unit is further configured to receive and adjust an opening of the throttle valve according to pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
As a modification of the first aspect, the pipeline at the outlet of the condenser is provided with a pressure sensor, and the control unit is further configured to receive and control the rotation speed of the cooling fan of the condenser according to pressure data of the pressure sensor.
To achieve the object of the present application, a second aspect of the present application provides a control method of a temperature control apparatus according to the first aspect of the present application, comprising the steps of:
the passenger cabin heat load detection unit detects passenger cabin heat load data in real time, and the battery management system detects battery heat load data in real time;
the control unit receives and determines the compressor rotating speed Z1 required by cooling the passenger compartment and the compressor rotating speed Z2 required by cooling the battery according to the passenger compartment thermal load data and the battery thermal load data;
and the control unit determines the rotating speed of the compressor according to the rotating speed Z1 of the compressor required by cooling the passenger compartment and the rotating speed Z2 of the compressor required by cooling the battery, and sends corresponding control signals to adjust the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve.
As a modification of the second aspect, the determining, by the control unit, the rotational speed of the compressor according to the rotational speed Z1 of the compressor required for cooling the passenger compartment and the rotational speed Z2 of the compressor required for cooling the battery specifically includes:
acquiring a current running mode of a vehicle, and determining the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor according to the current running mode of the vehicle;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to control the compressor to work by taking the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 as the rotating speed;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, the control unit sends out a corresponding control signal to control the compressor to work at the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor as the rotating speed.
As a modification of the second aspect, the adjusting the opening degrees of the first and second electronic expansion valves includes: adjusting the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve according to the compressor rotating speed Z1 required by cooling the passenger compartment, the compressor rotating speed Z2 required by cooling the battery and the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, corresponding control signals are sent out to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve to be Z1/Z2;
and if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, sending a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve to be (Zmax-Z2)/Z2.
As a modification of the second aspect, the power battery cooling system includes a battery evaporator and a plurality of thermoelectric modules; the first contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the battery evaporator, and the second contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module;
the method further comprises the steps of:
and the control unit sends corresponding control signals to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be electrified when receiving the battery thermal load data of the battery management system and starting the compressor to cool the power battery module.
As a modification of the second aspect, the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in the space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator;
the sending out the corresponding control signal to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be electrified specifically comprises:
along the flowing direction of a cooling medium in a battery evaporator, controlling a thermoelectric module in an upstream area where the cooling medium flows to be electrified with a first preset current, and controlling a thermoelectric module in a downstream area where the cooling medium flows to be electrified with a second preset current, wherein the first preset current is smaller than the second preset current.
As a modification of the second aspect, the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in the space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator;
the controlling the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be energized specifically includes:
along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator, the energizing current of the thermoelectric module is increased.
As an improvement of the second aspect, the air conditioner evaporator has a first refrigerant inlet and a first refrigerant outlet, the first refrigerant inlet is connected to the first electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the first refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, and a pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet is provided with a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor detects the temperature and pressure of a pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit receives temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor, determines a corresponding first reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and determines the superheat degree of a refrigerant in the air-conditioning evaporator according to a comparison result of the first reference temperature value and the temperature data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
As an improvement of the second aspect, the battery evaporator has a second refrigerant inlet and a second refrigerant outlet, the second refrigerant inlet is connected to the second electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the second refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, and a pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet is provided with a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor detects the temperature and pressure of a pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit receives temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, determines a corresponding second reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and determines the superheat degree of a refrigerant in the battery evaporator according to a comparison result of the second reference temperature value and the temperature data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
As an improvement of the second aspect, a throttle valve is arranged on a pipeline between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the control unit also adjusts the opening degree of the throttle valve according to pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is smaller than a first pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve to be reduced; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is larger than a second pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve to increase; wherein the second pressure reference value is greater than the first pressure reference value.
As a modification of the second aspect, the pipeline at the outlet of the condenser is provided with a pressure sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the control unit receives and controls the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser according to the pressure data of the pressure sensor, and when the pressure data of the pressure sensor is larger than a third pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser to increase.
In order to achieve the object of the present application, a third aspect of the present application provides an electric vehicle including the temperature control device according to the first aspect of the present application.
The technical scheme at least has the following beneficial effects:
provided is a temperature control device including a control unit, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit, a compressor, a condenser, a Battery Management System (BMS), a passenger compartment air conditioning system, and a power battery cooling system; and a first electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the passenger compartment air conditioning system connected with the condenser, and a second electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the power battery cooling system connected with the condenser. Wherein, the flow rate of the refrigerant is determined by the rotating speed of the compressor, the higher the rotating speed of the compressor is, the more the generated refrigerant amount is, therefore, the control unit receives the heat load data of the passenger compartment of the heat load detection unit of the passenger compartment and the battery heat load data of the battery management system, thereby determining the refrigerant flow rate required by the temperature reduction of the passenger compartment and the power battery pack and the corresponding rotating speed of the compressor, further determining the refrigerant flow rate proportion flowing into the air conditioning system of the passenger compartment and the power battery cooling system according to the refrigerant flow rate required by the temperature reduction of the passenger compartment and the power battery pack, adjusting the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve, controlling the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the air conditioning system of the passenger compartment and the power battery cooling system, and preferentially cooling the power battery pack when the temperature reduction requirement of the passenger compartment and the power battery pack, therefore, the complexity of the cooling system of the power battery of the electric automobile is reduced, and the cooling effect is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a closed loop structure of a temperature control device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a power battery cooling system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a partially disassembled view of a temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a temperature control method according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
the system comprises a control unit 1, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit 2, a compressor 3, a condenser 4, a battery management system 5, a passenger compartment air conditioning system 6, a first electronic expansion valve 61, an air conditioning evaporator 62, an air blower 63, a power battery cooling system 7, a second electronic expansion valve 71, a battery evaporator 72, a plurality of thermoelectric modules 73, a gas-liquid separator 8, a power battery module 9, a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10, a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, a throttle valve 12, a pressure sensor 13 and a cooling fan 14.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers can indicate functionally identical or similar elements. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In addition, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, means, elements and circuits that are well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present application.
To achieve the objective of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a temperature control device, which includes a control unit 1, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit 2, a compressor 3, a condenser 4, a battery management system 5 (BMS), a passenger compartment air conditioning system 6, and a power battery cooling system 7.
The BMS is commonly called a battery caregiver or a battery manager, and is mainly used for intelligently managing and maintaining each battery unit, preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery, prolonging the service life of the battery, and monitoring the state of the battery (including the thermal load of the power battery).
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the compressor 3, the condenser 4, and the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 form a first closed loop, the compressor 3, the condenser 4, and the power battery cooling system 7 form a second closed loop, and a refrigerant circulates through the first closed loop and the second closed loop.
A first electronic expansion valve 61 is arranged on a pipeline of the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 connected with the condenser 4, and a second electronic expansion valve 71 is arranged on a pipeline of the power battery cooling system 7 connected with the condenser 4.
Specifically, the phase change and flow process of the refrigerant in this embodiment is as follows:
the flowing process of the refrigerant is as shown by the arrow in fig. 2, when the compressor 3 is started to rotate, the compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas and then discharges the refrigerant gas out of the compressor 3, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 3 flows into the condenser 4 through a pipeline, then is radiated and cooled in the condenser 4, and is condensed into high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant and flows out. The high-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters a liquid storage drying tank (generally welded with the condenser 4 into a whole) through a pipeline, is dried, filtered and then shunted in the liquid storage drying tank, and respectively flows into the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71. The high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled by the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71 respectively, the state of the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is changed rapidly to be low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant further enters the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the power battery cooling system 7. The low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant is subjected to phase change in the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the power battery cooling system 7 to absorb heat to generate a refrigeration effect, and is evaporated into a low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant which flows back to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, so that the refrigerant circularly flows, and the refrigerant has different states of pressure, temperature and the like in the flowing process.
The control unit 1 of the present embodiment is configured to receive and determine the rotation speed of the compressor 3 according to the passenger compartment thermal load data of the passenger compartment thermal load detection unit 2 and the battery thermal load data of the battery management system 5, and adjust the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71. The thermal load data indicate that the respective passenger compartment or the power cell module 9 has a need for cooling. It should be noted that the detection and determination of the thermal load may be implemented in one of the ways known to those skilled in the art, which is not the gist of the present application, and therefore, the detection and determination of the thermal load is not described herein in detail.
Specifically, the flow rate of the refrigerant is determined by the rotation speed of the compressor 3, and the higher the rotation speed of the compressor 3 is, the more liquid refrigerant is generated, so in this embodiment, the control unit 1 receives the passenger compartment thermal load data of the passenger compartment thermal load detection unit 2 and the battery thermal load data of the battery management system 5, determines the refrigerant flow rate required for cooling the passenger compartment and the power battery pack and the corresponding rotation speed of the compressor 3, further determines the refrigerant flow rate ratio flowing into the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the power battery pack cooling system 7 according to the refrigerant flow rate required for cooling the passenger compartment and the power battery pack, adjusts the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71, and controls the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant flowing into the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the power battery pack cooling system 7.
It should be noted that, when the temperature reduction requirements of the passenger compartment and the power battery pack exceed the capacity load of the compressor 3, the temperature control device of the embodiment preferentially reduces the temperature of the power battery pack, so that the cooling effect is greatly improved compared with the natural cooling, the forced air cooling and the liquid cooling in the prior art, and compared with the night cooling system in the prior art, the temperature control device of the embodiment has the advantages of high system cooling rate, low cost, light weight and greatly reduced complexity.
In some embodiments, a gas-liquid separator 8 is provided in the piping between the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the compressor 3.
Specifically, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant undergoes phase change in the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 and the power battery cooling system 7 to absorb heat to generate a refrigeration effect, and is evaporated into a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and flows back to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, wherein in order to avoid some liquid refrigerants not completely evaporated and entering the compressor 3, in this embodiment, a gas-liquid separator 8 is arranged to separate gas from liquid, so that the liquid refrigerant which is not completely evaporated into gas is filtered, only the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is allowed to flow back to the compressor 3 through the pipeline, and liquid impact on the compressor 3 is prevented.
In some embodiments, the passenger compartment air conditioning system 6 includes an air conditioner evaporator 62 and a blower 63, and the blower 63 is used for blowing the evaporated gas of the air conditioner evaporator 62 to the passenger compartment.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the blower 63 is disposed in front of the air conditioner evaporator 62 and can blow air into an air duct, which leads to the passenger compartment, so as to blow the cold air evaporated by the air conditioner evaporator 62 to the passenger compartment to cool the passenger compartment.
For the cooling of the power battery, the liquid cooling technology is mature, most of competitors at home and abroad adopt or are about to adopt a liquid cooling system, and the liquid cooling system has high weight and cost and larger volume. In order to meet the future higher requirements on the energy density of the battery pack, to improve the light weight level of the whole vehicle and to reduce the cost of the whole vehicle, it is necessary to develop a refrigerant direct cooling system which is lighter than a liquid cooling system. The technical difficulty of the refrigerant direct cooling system is that the temperature equalization design of the battery evaporator 72 is very difficult, the temperature equalization requirement of the battery must be met, and the general requirement is that the temperature difference between the battery cores in the battery system does not exceed 5 ℃ (cooling working condition); the whole system requires the evaporator to realize accurate control, and the difficulty of the system control strategy is increased.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3-4, the power battery of the vehicle is generally in the form of a power battery module 9, and the power battery cooling system 7 includes a battery evaporator 72 and a plurality of thermoelectric modules 73; wherein each thermoelectric module 73 has two opposite contact surfaces, wherein a first contact surface is in contact with the contact surface of the battery evaporator 72, and a second contact surface is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module 9; the control unit 1 is also configured to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 to be powered on or off according to the battery thermal load data.
Furthermore, in order to improve the temperature equalization effect of the thermoelectric module 73, the thermoelectric module 73 has a plate-shaped structure, the contact surfaces of the battery evaporator 72 and the power battery module 9, which are in contact with the thermoelectric module 73, are flat surfaces, and the thermoelectric module 73 is in contact with the battery evaporator 72 and the power battery module 9, respectively.
Specifically, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat in the battery evaporator 72 in a phase-change manner to provide a stable cold end for the power battery module 9, the upper and lower surfaces of the thermoelectric module 73 form a stable temperature difference after being electrified, the side with a high temperature is in contact with the battery evaporator 72, the side with a low temperature is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module 9, and the power battery is cooled by the peltier effect of the thermoelectric module 73. Since the intensity of the phase change heat absorption of the liquid refrigerant is not easy to control, the thermoelectric module 73 can control the temperature difference by adjusting the current. Along the direction of the channel flow in the battery evaporator 72, the refrigerant in the upstream region is mainly in a liquid state, and has a violent phase change and absorbs more heat. Along with the heat exchange, the refrigerant is gradually evaporated, the amount of liquid refrigerant in a downstream area is reduced, the phase change is gradually weakened, and the heat absorption capacity is reduced. After the thermoelectric module 73 is arranged, the thermoelectric module 73 assists the refrigerant to cool the power battery together. Along the refrigerant flowing direction, the thermoelectric module 73 in the upstream area is connected with a small current, the temperature difference formed at the two ends of the thermoelectric module 73 is small, the downstream area is connected with a large current, the temperature difference formed at the two ends of the thermoelectric module 73 is large, the phase change is compensated to generate temperature difference, and therefore the temperature distribution of the contact surface of the power battery is uniform.
On the other hand, when the power battery module 9 needs to be heated, the second electronic expansion valve 71 prevents the liquid refrigerant from entering the battery evaporator 72, and changes the current flow direction in the thermoelectric module 73 by reversely connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply of the thermoelectric module 73, so as to exchange the direction of the temperature difference of the thermoelectric module 73 to heat the power battery module 9.
In some embodiments, based on the change of the liquid refrigerant in the battery evaporator 72, in this embodiment, the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 are uniformly arranged in the space between the battery evaporator 72 and the power battery module 9 along the flow direction of the refrigerant in the battery evaporator 72, so as to adjust the magnitude of the current applied to each thermoelectric module 73, thereby controlling the temperature difference, and better meeting the temperature equalization requirement of the power battery module 9.
In some embodiments, the air conditioner evaporator 62 has a first refrigerant inlet and a first refrigerant outlet, the first refrigerant inlet is connected to the first electronic expansion valve 61 through a pipeline, the first refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10 is disposed in the pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet, and the control unit 1 is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the air conditioner evaporator 62 according to the temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the liquid refrigerant enters the air conditioner evaporator 62 through the first refrigerant inlet, and exits the air conditioner evaporator 62 through the first refrigerant outlet.
According to the pressure value detected by the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10, the corresponding temperature (first reference temperature value) of the liquid refrigerant when the liquid refrigerant is completely evaporated can be known by looking up a table, each pressure value has a corresponding reference temperature value, the superheat degree of the refrigerant can be known by comparing the temperature value detected by the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10 with the first reference temperature value, the superheat degree is the temperature difference value obtained by subtracting the first reference temperature value from the temperature value detected by the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10, and a certain superheat degree exists when the temperature value detected by the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10 is greater than the first reference temperature value. A certain superheat degree is reserved to ensure that the refrigerant is completely evaporated, so that the liquid impact caused by the fact that part of the liquid refrigerant which is not completely evaporated enters the compressor 3 is prevented, whether the liquid refrigerant is fully evaporated and absorbs heat in the air conditioner evaporator 62 or not can be judged accordingly, and the heat exchange efficiency is ensured.
In some embodiments, the battery evaporator 72 has a second refrigerant inlet and a second refrigerant outlet, the second refrigerant inlet is connected to the second electronic expansion valve 71 through a pipeline, the second refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is disposed on the pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet, and the control unit 1 is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the battery evaporator 72 according to the temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the liquid refrigerant enters the battery evaporator 72 from the second refrigerant inlet, and exits the battery evaporator 72 through the second refrigerant outlet.
According to the pressure value detected by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, the corresponding temperature (second reference temperature value) of the liquid refrigerant when the liquid refrigerant is completely evaporated can be known by looking up a table, each pressure value has a corresponding reference temperature value, the superheat degree of the refrigerant can be known by comparing the temperature value detected by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 with the second reference temperature value, the superheat degree is the temperature difference value obtained by subtracting the second reference temperature value from the temperature value detected by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, and a certain superheat degree exists when the temperature value detected by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is greater than the second reference temperature value. A certain superheat degree is left to ensure that the refrigerant is completely evaporated, so that the liquid impact caused by the fact that part of the liquid refrigerant which is not completely evaporated enters the compressor 3 is prevented, whether the liquid refrigerant is fully evaporated and absorbs heat in the battery evaporator 72 can be judged accordingly, and the heat exchange efficiency is ensured.
In some embodiments, a throttle valve 12 is disposed on a pipeline between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, and the control unit 1 is further configured to receive and adjust an opening degree of the throttle valve 12 according to pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, along the flowing direction of the liquid refrigerant, the refrigerant is mainly in a liquid phase at the front end of the battery evaporator 72, and absorbs more heat, and at the rear end of the battery evaporator 72, the liquid refrigerant is fully evaporated, and the liquid refrigerant is less and absorbs less heat. When the pressure value fed back by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is small, the air conditioner controller sends a signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve 12 to be reduced, the pressure in the battery evaporator 72 is increased, the phase change rate of the refrigerant in the front end region of the battery evaporator 72 is reduced, more liquid refrigerants are evaporated and absorb heat in the middle and the rear end, the temperature uniformity of the battery evaporator 72 is improved, and the temperature difference between the battery cores in the battery system is reduced. When the pressure value fed back by the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is too high, the air conditioner controller sends a signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve 12 to increase, reduce the pressure of the battery cooling loop and ensure that the system runs reliably.
In this embodiment, the throttle 12 is added behind the battery evaporator 72, and the phase change rate of the liquid refrigerant in the front end region of the battery evaporator 72 is controlled by adjusting the pressure in the battery evaporator 72, so that more liquid refrigerants are evaporated and absorb heat in the middle and the rear end, thereby improving the temperature uniformity of the battery evaporator 72.
Based on the arrangement of the thermoelectric module 73 and the throttle valve 12, compared with the existing refrigerant direct cooling scheme, the present embodiment greatly improves the controllability and uniformity of phase change heat absorption.
In some embodiments, the pipeline at the outlet of the condenser 4 is provided with a pressure sensor 13, and the control unit 1 is further configured to receive and control the rotation speed of the cooling fan of the condenser 4 according to the pressure data of the pressure sensor 13.
Specifically, the pressure sensor 13 is configured to detect a pressure of a liquid refrigerant coming out of the condenser 4 (located in a front end cooling module behind a front bumper of the automobile), and may read the pressure from a can signal, where the pressure is too high, which may damage an air conditioning system (a pipeline is blocked or burst), and when the pressure reaches a certain threshold, the rotation speed of a cooling fan of the condenser 4 needs to be increased, so as to improve a condensation effect of the condenser 4 and reduce the pressure.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the control unit 1 may include one or more controllers, and each controller is configured to perform a corresponding control operation.
To achieve the objective of the present application, a second embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling a temperature control device according to the first embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, including the following steps:
s1, the passenger compartment thermal load detection unit 2 detects the passenger compartment thermal load data in real time, and the battery management system 5 detects the battery thermal load data in real time;
s2 the control unit 1 receives and determines the rotating speed Z1 of the compressor 3 required by cooling the passenger compartment and the rotating speed Z2 of the compressor 3 required by cooling the battery according to the passenger compartment thermal load data and the battery thermal load data;
the S3 control unit 1 determines the rotating speed of the compressor 3 according to the rotating speed Z1 of the compressor 3 required by the passenger compartment cooling and the rotating speed Z2 of the compressor 3 required by the battery cooling, and sends corresponding control signals to adjust the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71.
In some embodiments, the determining, by the control unit 1 in step S2 of this embodiment, the rotation speed of the compressor 3 according to the rotation speed Z1 of the compressor 3 required for cooling the passenger compartment and the rotation speed Z2 of the compressor 3 required for cooling the battery specifically includes:
acquiring a current running mode of a vehicle, and determining the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor 3 according to the current running mode of the vehicle; wherein, when the vehicle is in the idle mode, the maximum allowable rotation speed of the compressor 3 is a smaller rotation speed, and when the vehicle is in other modes, the maximum allowable rotation speed of the compressor 3 is a larger rotation speed, therefore, the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3 needs to be determined according to the current running mode of the vehicle.
If the sum Z of the rotation speed Z1 and the rotation speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3, which indicates that the compressor 3 can simultaneously meet the requirements of cooling the passenger compartment and cooling the battery, the control unit 1 sends out a corresponding control signal to control the compressor 3 to operate at the sum Z of the rotation speed Z1 and the rotation speed Z2 as the rotation speed.
If the sum Z of the rotation speed Z1 and the rotation speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3, which indicates that the compressor 3 cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of cooling the passenger compartment and cooling the battery at the same time, the control unit 1 sends a corresponding control signal to control the compressor 3 to operate at the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3 as the rotation speed.
It should be noted that, in this case, the demand for cooling the power battery module 9 should be prioritized when the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is distributed.
Further, in step S2 of the present embodiment, the adjusting the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71 includes:
the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71 is adjusted according to the rotational speed Z1 of the compressor 3 required for cooling the passenger compartment, the rotational speed Z2 of the compressor 3 required for cooling the battery, and the maximum allowable rotational speed Zmax of the compressor 3.
If the sum Z of the rotation speed Z1 and the rotation speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3, which indicates that the compressor 3 can simultaneously meet the requirements of cooling the passenger compartment and the battery, the control unit 1 sends out a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71 to Z1/Z2, and the flow rate of the liquid refrigerant is distributed as required.
If the sum Z of the rotation speed Z1 and the rotation speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotation speed Zmax of the compressor 3, which indicates that the compressor 3 cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of cooling the passenger compartment and the battery, and the requirement of cooling the power battery module 9 is considered preferentially, the control unit 1 sends out corresponding control signals to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve 61 and the second electronic expansion valve 71 to (Zmax-Z2)/Z2.
In some embodiments, the power battery cooling system 7 includes a battery evaporator 72 and a plurality of thermoelectric modules 73; a first contact surface of each thermoelectric module 73 is in contact with a contact surface of the battery evaporator 72, and a second contact surface of each thermoelectric module 73 is in contact with a contact surface of the power battery module 9.
The method in this embodiment further includes the following steps:
when the control unit 1 receives the battery thermal load data of the battery management system 5 and starts the compressor 3 to cool the power battery module 9, corresponding control signals are sent to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 to be electrified, the power battery module 9 is uniformly cooled by the Peltier effect of the thermoelectric modules 73, and the temperature uniformity of the battery evaporator 72 is improved.
In some embodiments, the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 are arranged uniformly in the space between the battery evaporator 72 and the power battery module 9 along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator 72.
As an example of a control manner of the thermoelectric modules 73, the sending out the corresponding control signal to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 to be electrified specifically includes:
along the flowing direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator 72, the thermoelectric module 73 in the upstream area where the cooling medium flows is controlled to be electrified with a first preset current, and the thermoelectric module 73 in the downstream area where the cooling medium flows is controlled to be electrified with a second preset current, wherein the first preset current is smaller than the second preset current.
As another example of the control method of the thermoelectric module 73, along the flowing direction of the liquid refrigerant, the refrigerant at the front end of the battery evaporator 72 is mainly in a liquid phase state and absorbs more heat, and at the rear end of the battery evaporator 72, the liquid refrigerant is fully evaporated, and the liquid refrigerant is less and absorbs less heat. Therefore, in this example, the controlling the power of the plurality of thermoelectric modules 73 specifically includes:
the energization current of the thermoelectric module 73 is greater and greater in the direction of the flow of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator 72.
In the method, phase change heat absorption and semiconductor refrigeration are combined to provide cooling for the power battery, so that the current of the thermoelectric module 73 is regulated and controlled to accurately keep the temperature distribution uniformity of the contact wall of the power battery module 9, the thermoelectric module 73 is small in size, light in weight and thin in thickness, so that the thermoelectric module is flexible to arrange, can be arranged in a part of space between the cooling plate and the battery module or fully arranged as far as possible, only the current in the thermoelectric module 73 needs to be controlled, and the problems of high difficulty and long period in development of an electronic expansion valve control strategy are solved.
In some embodiments, the air conditioner evaporator 62 has a first refrigerant inlet connected to the first electronic expansion valve 61 through a pipeline, and a first refrigerant outlet connected to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, and the pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet is provided with the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10.
The method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10 detects the temperature and pressure of the pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit 1 receives temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10, determines a corresponding first reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10, and determines the superheat degree of a refrigerant in the air conditioner evaporator 62 according to a comparison result of the first reference temperature value and the temperature data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor 10.
In some embodiments, the battery evaporator 72 has a second refrigerant inlet connected to the second electronic expansion valve 71 through a pipeline, and a second refrigerant outlet connected to the compressor 3 through a pipeline, and the pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet is provided with the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11.
The method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 detects the temperature and pressure of the pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit 1 receives the temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, determines a corresponding second reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11, and determines the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the battery evaporator 72 according to a comparison result of the second reference temperature value and the temperature data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11.
In some embodiments, a throttle valve 12 is disposed on a pipeline between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11.
The method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the control unit 1 also adjusts the opening degree of the throttle valve 12 in accordance with the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is smaller than the first pressure reference value, the control unit 1 sends out a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening degree reduction of the throttle valve 12; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor 11 is greater than a second pressure reference value, the control unit 1 sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve 12 to increase; wherein the second pressure reference value is greater than the first pressure reference value.
In some embodiments, the piping at the outlet of the condenser 4 is provided with a pressure sensor 13.
The method in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the control unit 1 receives and controls the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser 4 according to the pressure data of the pressure sensor 13, and when the pressure data of the pressure sensor 13 is greater than a third pressure reference value, the control unit 1 sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser 4 to increase, so that the condensation effect of the condenser 4 is improved, and the pressure is reduced.
It should be noted that the method described in the second embodiment corresponds to the apparatus described in the first embodiment, and therefore, other relevant portions that are not described in detail in the second embodiment can be obtained by referring to the apparatus described in the first embodiment, and detailed description of the second embodiment is omitted.
In order to achieve the object of the present application, a third embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle, including the temperature control device according to the first embodiment of the present application.
As can be seen from the description of the above embodiments, the control unit of the embodiment of the present application receives the heat load data of the passenger compartment of the heat load detection unit of the passenger compartment and the heat load data of the battery management system, determines the refrigerant flow rate required for cooling the passenger compartment and the power battery pack and the corresponding rotational speed of the compressor according to the load data, further adjusts the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve according to the refrigerant flow rate required for cooling the passenger compartment and the power battery pack, controls the flow rate of liquid refrigerant flowing into the air conditioning system of the passenger compartment and the power battery cooling system, and preferentially cools the power battery pack when the cooling requirements of the passenger compartment and the power battery pack exceed the capacity load of the compressor, thereby reducing the complexity of the power battery cooling system of the electric vehicle and improving the cooling effect.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also utilizes the characteristic (Peltier effect) of temperature difference generated when the thermoelectric module is electrified to regulate and control the temperature difference between the battery evaporator and the power battery, so that the uniformity of the surface temperature distribution of the power battery when the refrigerant of the power battery of the electric automobile is directly cooled is improved. When the automobile runs or is charged, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the battery evaporator in a phase-change manner to provide a stable cold end for the power battery, the upper surface and the lower surface of the thermoelectric module form a stable temperature difference after being electrified, one side with high temperature is in contact with the battery evaporator, one side with low temperature is in contact with the contact wall of the power battery module, and the power battery is cooled by utilizing the Peltier effect. Because the phase change heat absorption intensity of the refrigerant is not easy to control, the controller controls the temperature difference by adjusting the size of the electrifying current of the thermoelectric modules, and accordingly the current sizes of the thermoelectric modules in different areas are regulated and controlled to accurately keep the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the contact wall of the power battery module.
In the description herein, references to the description of "some embodiments" or the like mean that a particular feature described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments.
Having described embodiments of the present application, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (20)

1. A temperature control device is characterized by comprising a control unit, a passenger compartment thermal load detection unit, a compressor, a condenser, a Battery Management System (BMS), a passenger compartment air conditioning system and a power battery cooling system;
the compressor, the condenser and the passenger compartment air conditioning system form a first closed loop, the compressor, the condenser and the power battery cooling system form a second closed loop, and a refrigerant circulates in the first closed loop and the second closed loop;
a first electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the passenger compartment air conditioning system connected with the condenser, and a second electronic expansion valve is arranged on a pipeline of the power battery cooling system connected with the condenser;
the control unit is used for receiving and determining the rotating speed of the compressor according to the passenger compartment heat load data of the passenger compartment heat load detection unit and the battery heat load data of the battery management system, and adjusting the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve.
2. The temperature control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a gas-liquid separator is provided on a pipe between the passenger compartment air conditioning system and the compressor.
3. The temperature control apparatus of claim 1, wherein the passenger compartment air conditioning system comprises an air conditioner evaporator and a blower for blowing air conditioner evaporator boil-off gas into the passenger compartment.
4. The temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the power cell cooling system comprises a battery evaporator and a plurality of thermoelectric modules; the first contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the battery evaporator, the second contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module, and the control unit is further used for controlling the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be powered on or powered off according to the battery thermal load data.
5. The temperature control device of claim 4, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in a space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along a flow direction of a cooling medium in the battery evaporator.
6. The temperature control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air conditioner evaporator has a first refrigerant inlet and a first refrigerant outlet, the first refrigerant inlet is connected to the first electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the first refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor is arranged on the pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet, and the control unit is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the air conditioner evaporator according to temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
7. The temperature control device according to claim 6, wherein the battery evaporator has a second refrigerant inlet and a second refrigerant outlet, the second refrigerant inlet is connected to the second electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the second refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is arranged on the pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet, and the control unit is further configured to receive and determine the superheat degree of the refrigerant in the battery evaporator according to temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
8. The temperature control device according to claim 7, wherein a throttle valve is disposed on a pipeline between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and the control unit is further configured to receive and adjust an opening degree of the throttle valve according to pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
9. The temperature control device of claim 1, wherein the pipeline at the outlet of the condenser is provided with a pressure sensor, and the control unit is further used for receiving and controlling the rotating speed of a cooling fan of the condenser according to pressure data of the pressure sensor.
10. A control method of the temperature control apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the passenger cabin heat load detection unit detects passenger cabin heat load data in real time, and the battery management system detects battery heat load data in real time;
the control unit receives and determines the compressor rotating speed Z1 required by cooling the passenger compartment and the compressor rotating speed Z2 required by cooling the battery according to the passenger compartment thermal load data and the battery thermal load data;
and the control unit determines the rotating speed of the compressor according to the rotating speed Z1 of the compressor required by cooling the passenger compartment and the rotating speed Z2 of the compressor required by cooling the battery, and sends corresponding control signals to adjust the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve.
11. The control method of claim 10, wherein the determining by the control unit of the compressor speed from the passenger compartment cooling required compressor speed Z1 and the battery cooling required compressor speed Z2 specifically comprises:
acquiring a current running mode of a vehicle, and determining the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor according to the current running mode of the vehicle;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to control the compressor to work by taking the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 as the rotating speed;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, the control unit sends out a corresponding control signal to control the compressor to work at the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor as the rotating speed.
12. The control method of claim 11, wherein the adjusting the opening degrees of the first and second electronic expansion valves comprises: adjusting the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve according to the compressor rotating speed Z1 required by cooling the passenger compartment, the compressor rotating speed Z2 required by cooling the battery and the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor;
if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, corresponding control signals are sent out to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve to be Z1/Z2;
and if the sum Z of the rotating speed Z1 and the rotating speed Z2 is greater than the maximum allowable rotating speed Zmax of the compressor, sending a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve to be (Zmax-Z2)/Z2.
13. The control method of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the power cell cooling system comprises a battery evaporator and a plurality of thermoelectric modules; the first contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the battery evaporator, and the second contact surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with the contact surface of the power battery module;
the method further comprises the steps of:
and the control unit sends corresponding control signals to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be electrified when receiving the battery thermal load data of the battery management system and starting the compressor to cool the power battery module.
14. The control method according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in a space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along a flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator;
the sending out the corresponding control signal to control the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be electrified specifically comprises:
along the flowing direction of a cooling medium in a battery evaporator, controlling a thermoelectric module in an upstream area where the cooling medium flows to be electrified with a first preset current, and controlling a thermoelectric module in a downstream area where the cooling medium flows to be electrified with a second preset current, wherein the first preset current is smaller than the second preset current.
15. The control method according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric modules are uniformly arranged in a space between the battery evaporator and the power battery module along a flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator;
the controlling the plurality of thermoelectric modules to be energized specifically includes:
along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the battery evaporator, the energizing current of the thermoelectric module is increased.
16. The control method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the air conditioner evaporator has a first refrigerant inlet and a first refrigerant outlet, the first refrigerant inlet is connected to the first electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the first refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, and a pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet is provided with a first temperature and pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor detects the temperature and pressure of a pipeline at the first refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit receives temperature and pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor, determines a corresponding first reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and determines the superheat degree of a refrigerant in the air-conditioning evaporator according to a comparison result of the first reference temperature value and the temperature data of the first temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
17. The control method according to claim 16, wherein the battery evaporator has a second refrigerant inlet and a second refrigerant outlet, the second refrigerant inlet is connected to the second electronic expansion valve through a pipeline, the second refrigerant outlet is connected to the compressor through a pipeline, and a pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet is provided with a second temperature and pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor detects the temperature and pressure of a pipeline at the second refrigerant outlet in real time;
the control unit receives temperature and pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, determines a corresponding second reference temperature value according to the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor, and determines the superheat degree of a refrigerant in the battery evaporator according to a comparison result of the second reference temperature value and the temperature data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor.
18. The control method according to claim 17, wherein a throttle valve is provided on a pipe between the second refrigerant outlet and the second temperature-pressure integrated sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the control unit also adjusts the opening degree of the throttle valve according to pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is smaller than a first pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve to be reduced; when the pressure data of the second temperature and pressure integrated sensor is larger than a second pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the opening of the throttle valve to increase; wherein the second pressure reference value is greater than the first pressure reference value.
19. A control method according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that the line at the condenser outlet is provided with a pressure sensor;
the method comprises the following steps:
the control unit receives and controls the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser according to the pressure data of the pressure sensor, and when the pressure data of the pressure sensor is larger than a third pressure reference value, the control unit sends a corresponding control signal to adjust the rotating speed of the cooling fan of the condenser to increase.
20. An electric vehicle comprising the temperature control device of any one of claims 1-9.
CN201811472892.XA 2018-12-04 2018-12-04 Temperature control device and control method thereof, and electric automobile Pending CN111276768A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811472892.XA CN111276768A (en) 2018-12-04 2018-12-04 Temperature control device and control method thereof, and electric automobile

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CN111731068A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-10-02 重庆金康赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 Control method and system for automobile refrigeration loop
CN111976419A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-11-24 惠州市德赛西威汽车电子股份有限公司 Refrigeration method and control system for eliminating temperature disturbance
CN112297776A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-02 摩登汽车(盐城)有限公司 Compressor refrigerating system and method of electric automobile
CN112467246A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery cooling system and battery cooling control method
CN112757866A (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-07 东风柳州汽车有限公司 Control method and system for whole electric truck thermal management system
CN113054282A (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-29 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery water cooling method and device for electric automobile, vehicle control unit and electric automobile
CN113071289A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-06 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 Electric automobile cabin heating system and control method thereof
CN113623192A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-11-09 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 Air conditioner refrigerant flow distribution control method based on electronic water pump and new energy automobile
CN113895311A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-07 北京罗克维尔斯科技有限公司 Vehicle refrigeration control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium
CN114156558A (en) * 2021-09-16 2022-03-08 河北农业大学 Battery thermal management method and system based on latent heat of phase change of refrigerant
CN114347748A (en) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Electric vehicle and control method, device and medium of air conditioning and thermal management system of electric vehicle
CN114454778A (en) * 2022-03-02 2022-05-10 河南海威新能源科技有限公司 Electric engineering vehicle and thermal management system thereof
CN114516285A (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-20 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Method for distributing cooling capacity of battery cooler and air conditioner evaporator and related device
CN115923449A (en) * 2023-01-30 2023-04-07 成都赛力斯科技有限公司 New energy vehicle refrigerant system and control method
CN116704846A (en) * 2023-08-01 2023-09-05 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Fire simulation experiment platform and application thereof
CN113623192B (en) * 2021-07-19 2024-06-07 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 Method for controlling flow distribution of air conditioner refrigerant based on electronic water pump and new energy automobile

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111731068A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-10-02 重庆金康赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 Control method and system for automobile refrigeration loop
CN111976419A (en) * 2020-07-06 2020-11-24 惠州市德赛西威汽车电子股份有限公司 Refrigeration method and control system for eliminating temperature disturbance
CN111976419B (en) * 2020-07-06 2023-08-18 惠州市德赛西威汽车电子股份有限公司 Refrigerating method and control system for eliminating temperature disturbance
CN112297776A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-02-02 摩登汽车(盐城)有限公司 Compressor refrigerating system and method of electric automobile
CN112297776B (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-09-30 摩登汽车(盐城)有限公司 Compressor refrigerating system and method of electric automobile
CN114516285A (en) * 2020-11-19 2022-05-20 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Method for distributing cooling capacity of battery cooler and air conditioner evaporator and related device
CN112467246A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-09 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery cooling system and battery cooling control method
WO2022111556A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-06-02 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Battery cooling system, battery cooling control method, apparatus and storage medium
CN112757866A (en) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-07 东风柳州汽车有限公司 Control method and system for whole electric truck thermal management system
CN113054282A (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-29 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery water cooling method and device for electric automobile, vehicle control unit and electric automobile
CN113054282B (en) * 2021-03-18 2022-10-25 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery water cooling method and device for electric automobile, vehicle control unit and electric automobile
CN113071289A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-06 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 Electric automobile cabin heating system and control method thereof
CN113071289B (en) * 2021-04-28 2024-05-10 蔚来汽车科技(安徽)有限公司 Electric automobile cabin heating system and control method thereof
CN113623192B (en) * 2021-07-19 2024-06-07 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 Method for controlling flow distribution of air conditioner refrigerant based on electronic water pump and new energy automobile
CN113623192A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-11-09 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 Air conditioner refrigerant flow distribution control method based on electronic water pump and new energy automobile
CN114156558A (en) * 2021-09-16 2022-03-08 河北农业大学 Battery thermal management method and system based on latent heat of phase change of refrigerant
CN113895311A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-01-07 北京罗克维尔斯科技有限公司 Vehicle refrigeration control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium
CN113895311B (en) * 2021-09-29 2024-05-28 北京罗克维尔斯科技有限公司 Vehicle refrigeration control method, system, device, equipment and storage medium
CN114347748B (en) * 2021-12-28 2023-08-29 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Electric vehicle, control method, device and medium of air conditioner and heat management system of electric vehicle
CN114347748A (en) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Electric vehicle and control method, device and medium of air conditioning and thermal management system of electric vehicle
CN114454778A (en) * 2022-03-02 2022-05-10 河南海威新能源科技有限公司 Electric engineering vehicle and thermal management system thereof
CN115923449B (en) * 2023-01-30 2024-04-19 重庆赛力斯凤凰智创科技有限公司 New energy vehicle refrigerant system and control method
CN115923449A (en) * 2023-01-30 2023-04-07 成都赛力斯科技有限公司 New energy vehicle refrigerant system and control method
CN116704846A (en) * 2023-08-01 2023-09-05 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Fire simulation experiment platform and application thereof
CN116704846B (en) * 2023-08-01 2023-10-31 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Fire simulation experiment platform and application thereof

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