CN111272212B - I2C equipment data acquisition method and system thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data acquisition method and a system of I2C equipment, the invention adopts a multiplexer to connect I2C equipment, and an I2C interface of a host is connected with the multiplexer, thus realizing address space expansion, limiting the number of the I2C equipment accessed by the host, and overcoming the technical problem of limited address space of an I2C interface sensor in the prior art; in addition, the in-place judgment of the I2C equipment is realized through data length verification, and data reading parameters are set according to the type of the in-place I2C equipment to realize the data reading of the I2C equipment, so that the I2C equipment data acquisition method can be compatible with I2C equipment with various I2C address types, and the technical problem that host software cannot be compatible with various I2C interface sensors in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data reading, in particular to a data acquisition method and a data acquisition system for I2C equipment.
Background
The temperature and humidity sensor with the I2C interface is one of the most commonly used environmental quantity measuring sensors, and is widely used due to the characteristics of high precision, simple peripheral circuit, networking capability and the like.
In the prior art, a master device may obtain data information of different sensors by distinguishing bus addresses of temperature and humidity sensors of I2C interfaces as slave devices, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, where the number of bytes of data of an a-type I2C interface sensor is m, and the number of bytes of data of a B-type I2C interface sensor is n. When only a class a I2C interface sensor or a class B I2C interface sensor is networked alone, the flow of reading sensor data is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, I class a 2C interface sensors are total, and if the starting address of I2C is X, the corresponding addresses are X, X +1 and … … X + I, respectively; and j class B I2C interface sensors are provided, the I2C starting address is Y, and the corresponding addresses are Y, Y +1 and … … Y + j respectively. The I2C interface sensor has a limited address space size; and because of different manufacturers of sensor chips, the encoding rule of the I2C address and the data reading mode are different, the existing networking mode can only process one type of sensor, when multiple sensors are accessed in a mixed manner, different sensors can use different upper computer software, so that different types of sensors cannot be accessed to the same I2C bus for mixed use, and the data of all sensors cannot be read correctly, which causes difficulty in software development and manufacturing of main equipment, and also causes great inconvenience for field construction, and the problems need to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide an I2C device data collection system that utilizes a multiplexer to extend the address space so that the number of I2C devices accessed by the host is not limited.
Therefore, the invention has a second purpose of providing an I2C device data acquisition method which is compatible with I2C devices with various I2C address types.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an I2C device data acquisition system, which includes a host for reading data of an I2C device, multiplexers, and at least two I2C devices of I2C address types, wherein one multiplexer is connected to one I2C device, one I2C interface of the host is connected to the multiplexers, and the host allocates an allocation address to each multiplexer.
Further, the I2C device data acquisition system further comprises a direct connection I2C device connected with the I2C interface.
Further, the I2C device and/or the direct I2C device include an I2C interface sensor.
Further, the I2C interface sensor is a temperature and humidity sensor.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an I2C device data acquisition method, which is applied to the I2C device data acquisition system, wherein the I2C device data acquisition method includes a data acquisition method of an I2C device connected to a multiplexer, and the data acquisition method of the I2C device connected to the multiplexer includes the following steps:
an address gating step of gating the assigned address of the multiplexer;
an I2C address gating step, namely, gating the I2C address of the I2C device according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the distributed address of the multiplexer;
a parameter setting step, namely setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C equipment corresponding to the distribution address of the multiplexer;
a data checking step, namely acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with a first preset data length so as to check whether the I2C equipment is in place, judging that the I2C equipment is in place if the data length of I2C is the same as the first preset data length, and acquiring the first preset data length according to the type of the I2C equipment;
and a data reading step, reading the data of the I2C device at the position according to the data reading parameters.
Further, the data acquisition method of the I2C device connected to the multiplexer further includes:
and repeating the step of changing the distribution address of the gated multiplexer, and repeating the I2C address gating step, the parameter setting step, the data checking step and the data reading step.
Further, the data acquisition method of the I2C equipment further comprises the step of reading data of the direct connection I2C equipment:
gating the I2C address of the direct I2C device;
setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the I2C address of the direct connection I2C device;
acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with a second preset data length to check whether the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, if the data length of I2C is the same as the second preset data length, judging that the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, and acquiring the second preset data length according to the type of the direct connection I2C equipment;
and reading data of the on-site direct connection I2C equipment according to the data reading parameters.
Further, when the I2C address of the gated direct connection I2C device is determined to be the same as the I2C address of the I2C device and the direct connection I2C device is in place, the I2C address is the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is not in place, otherwise, the I2C address is the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is determined to be in place by using the data acquisition method of the I2C device connected to the multiplexer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, one multiplexer is connected with one I2C device, and one I2C interface of the host is connected with the multiplexer, so that the address space expansion is realized, the number of the I2C devices accessed by the host is not limited, and the technical problem of limited address space of an I2C interface sensor in the prior art is solved; in addition, the in-place judgment of the I2C equipment is realized through data length verification, and data reading parameters are set according to the type of the in-place I2C equipment to realize the data reading of the I2C equipment, so that the I2C equipment data acquisition method can be compatible with I2C equipment with various I2C address types, and the technical problem that host software cannot be compatible with various I2C interface sensors in the prior art is solved.
In addition, the invention also provides another connection mode between the I2C equipment and the host by arranging the direct connection I2C equipment; and whether the direct connection I2C equipment is in place or not can be judged by utilizing data length check, and data reading parameters are set according to the type of the in-place direct connection I2C equipment so as to realize data reading of the direct connection I2C equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art data reading flow diagram of a class A I2C interface sensor networking alone;
FIG. 2 is a prior art data reading flow diagram of a class B class I2C interface sensor networking alone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an I2C device data collection system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a data acquisition method of an I2C device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
An I2C equipment data acquisition system comprises a host computer used for reading data of I2C equipment, a multiplexer and at least two I2C equipment with I2C address types, wherein the I2C equipment takes a temperature and humidity sensor as an example, the temperature and humidity sensor comprises an A-type sensor and a B-type sensor, the I2C address of the temperature and humidity sensor has two types, the I2C starting address of the A-type sensor is X, and the I2C starting address of the B-type sensor is Y. A multiplexer is connected to an I2C device, an I2C interface of the host is connected to the multiplexer, and the host assigns an assigned address to each multiplexer. In addition, the data acquisition system of the I2C device further includes direct connection I2C devices connected to the I2C interface, and each direct connection I2C device corresponds to an I2C address. In this embodiment, the I2C device and/or the direct connection I2C device may be an I2C interface sensor, and the I2C interface sensor is a temperature and humidity sensor.
Therefore, the I2C equipment data acquisition system adopts a multiplexer to connect an I2C equipment, one I2C interface of the host is connected with the multiplexer, the address space expansion is realized, a plurality of I2C equipments are accessed to the same I2C interface, the access number is not limited by the address space of the I2C equipment, the number of the I2C equipments accessed by the host is not limited, and the technical problem that the address space of the I2C interface sensor is limited in the prior art is solved; wherein, each multiplexer only uses one path, the unit composed of one multiplexer and one I2C device can be conveniently installed at different positions, and the flexibility of the data acquisition system is enhanced. In addition, the invention also provides another connection mode between the I2C equipment and the host by arranging the direct connection I2C equipment.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data acquisition system of an I2C device in the present invention, in the I2C device in fig. 3, for example, an I2C interface temperature and humidity sensor is taken, a temperature and humidity sensor chip is divided into two types, I2C start addresses are X and Y, an address space size is I and j, an I2C start address of a multiplexer is Z, and an address space size is k, where k is far larger than I and j. The networking of host equipment and I2C interface temperature and humidity sensors can be realized through the structure of fig. 3, wherein, a type sensor _1, a type sensor _2, … … a type sensor _ I, B type sensor _1, B type sensor _2, … … B type sensor _ j are direct connection temperature and humidity sensors, which are directly connected with the I2C interface of the host, and the I2C addresses of the direct connection temperature and humidity sensors are X, X +1, … … X + I, Y +1, … … Y + j. The sensors connected with the multiplexers are a type A sensor _1 and a type B sensor _1, a multiplexers are connected with the type A sensor _1 in total, and B multiplexers are connected with the type B sensor _ 1. The assigned addresses assigned by the host to the class a and class B sensors connected to the multiplexer are I2C addresses of the multiplexer, i.e., Z, Z +1, … … Z + a, Z + a +1, Z + a +2, … … Z + a + B, where a + B is k. In fig. 3, when the class a sensor _1 is accessed and the dial address is 1, the class a sensor _1 connected to the multiplexer is no longer accessible; when the B-type sensor _1 is accessed and the dial address is 1, the B-type sensor _1 connected with the multiplexer can not be accessed any more.
Example 2
An I2C device data acquisition method is applied to the I2C device data acquisition system described in embodiment 1, wherein a host allocates addresses to a multiplexer, and the type of an I2C device connected to each allocated address is known, so that the data reading parameters and the data length of the I2C device corresponding to each allocated address and the I2C address are known, and the corresponding relationship between the allocated addresses, the I2C address of the I2C device corresponding to the allocated addresses, the data reading parameters and the data length (i.e., a first preset data length) of the I2C device corresponding to the allocated addresses is stored in the host in advance, for example, the I2C device is a temperature and humidity sensor, and has two types, namely, a type a sensor and a type B sensor, and the data reading parameters are temperature and humidity conversion parameters; the data length of the type A sensor is m, the starting address of the type I2C is X, the data length of the type B sensor is n, and the starting address of the type I2C is Y. The data acquisition method of the I2C device comprises a data acquisition method of an I2C device connected with a multiplexer, and the data acquisition method of an I2C device connected with the multiplexer comprises the following steps:
and an address gating step of gating the assigned address of the multiplexer.
An I2C address gating step, namely, gating the I2C address of the I2C device according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the distributed address of the multiplexer; referring to fig. 3, the I2C device is exemplified by a temperature and humidity sensor, which includes a class a sensor and a class B sensor, where the I2C address of the class a sensor _1 connected to the multiplexer is X, and the I2C address of the class B sensor _1 connected to the multiplexer is Y.
A parameter setting step, namely setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C equipment corresponding to the distribution address of the multiplexer; the data reading parameters of the class A sensor and the class B sensor are different.
And a data checking step, namely acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with the first preset data length so as to check whether the I2C equipment is in place, judging that the I2C equipment is in place if the data length of I2C is the same as the first preset data length, acquiring the first preset data length according to the type of the I2C equipment, taking a temperature and humidity sensor as an example for the I2C equipment, wherein the first preset data length of the A-type sensor is m, and the first preset data length of the B-type sensor is n.
And a data reading step, reading the data of the I2C device at the position according to the data reading parameters.
And repeating the steps, changing the distribution address of the gated multiplexer, and repeatedly performing the I2C address gating step, the parameter setting step, the data checking step and the data reading step, so that the data of other I2C equipment connected with the multiplexer can be read.
The data acquisition method of the I2C device of this embodiment realizes in-place judgment of the I2C device through data length verification, confirms whether an assumed I2C device exists, sets data reading parameters according to the type of the in-place I2C device to realize data reading of the I2C device, so that the data acquisition method of the I2C device can be compatible with I2C devices of various I2C address types, and overcomes the technical problem that host software cannot be compatible with various I2C interface sensors in the prior art. And provides a software compatible processing method of the upper computer.
As a further improvement of the I2C device data acquisition method, referring to fig. 3, the host pre-stores a correspondence relationship between an I2C address of a directly connected I2C device, a data reading parameter of a corresponding directly connected I2C device, and a data length (i.e., a second preset data length), taking a temperature and humidity sensor as an example, a start address of an I2C address of a class a sensor is X, a data length is m, a start address of an I2C address of a class B sensor is Y, and a data length is n. The data acquisition method of the I2C equipment further comprises the following steps of directly connecting I2C equipment data:
gating the I2C address of the direct I2C device;
setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the I2C address of the direct connection I2C device;
acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with the second preset data length to check whether the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, judging that the direct connection I2C equipment is in place if the data length of I2C is the same as the second preset data length, and acquiring the second preset data length according to the type of the direct connection I2C equipment; taking the temperature and humidity sensor as an example, the second preset data length of the class a sensor is m, and the second preset data length of the class B sensor is n.
And reading the data of the on-site direct connection I2C device according to the data reading parameters.
The data of other direct-connected I2C devices can be read by changing the I2C address of the gated direct-connected I2C device and repeatedly executing the steps. The data length check is utilized to judge whether the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, and data reading parameters are set according to the type of the in-place direct connection I2C equipment so as to realize data reading of the direct connection I2C equipment.
In addition, when the I2C address of the gated direct I2C device is determined to be the same as the I2C address of the I2C device and the direct I2C device is in place, the I2C address may be the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is not in place, otherwise, the data acquisition method of the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is used to determine whether the I2C address is the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is in place.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a data acquisition method for I2C equipment in the present invention, where the flowchart of fig. 4 corresponds to the I2C equipment data acquisition system of fig. 3, and specifically, the a-type sensor _1, the a-type sensor _2, the … … a-type sensor _ I, the B-type sensor _1, the B-type sensor _2, and the … … B-type sensor _ j are direct-connection temperature and humidity sensors, and are directly connected to an I2C interface of a host. The addresses of the I2C of the directly connected temperature and humidity sensors are X, X +1, … … X + I, Y +1 and … … Y + j, and since the type of the directly connected temperature and humidity sensor corresponding to each I2C address is known, the data reading parameters and the second preset data length corresponding to the I2C address of each directly connected temperature and humidity sensor are known. The sensors connected to the multiplexers are a type A sensor _1 (address X in I2C) and a type B sensor _1 (address Y in I2C), and a multiplexers are connected to the type A sensor _1 and B multiplexers are connected to the type B sensor _ 1. The assigned addresses assigned by the host to the class a and class B sensors connected to the multiplexer are I2C addresses of the multiplexer, i.e., Z, Z +1, … … Z + a, Z + a +1, Z + a +2, … … Z + a + B, where a + B is k. Because the type of the temperature and humidity sensor corresponding to each distribution address is known, the data reading parameter and the first preset data length corresponding to each distribution address are known. The specific flow of the I2C device data acquisition method is as follows:
firstly, gating address X, setting data reading parameter corresponding to address X, starting data conversion,
reading the data length of I2C corresponding to the address X, judging whether the read data length of I2C is the same as the second preset data length corresponding to the address X, if so, indicating that a direct-connected temperature and humidity sensor (an A-type sensor) corresponding to the address X is in place, reading the data with the second preset data length, performing data conversion to obtain temperature and humidity data, and indicating that the I2C address is X and the A-type sensor connected with the multiplexer is not in place; otherwise, if the direct-connection temperature and humidity sensor is not in place, the I2C address is X, and the A-type sensor connected with the multiplexer is possibly in place, and the information is recorded;
next, a next address X +1 is selected, the processing process is the same as that of the address X, but the difference is that when the directly-connected temperature and humidity sensor is judged to be in place, data with a second preset data length are read for data conversion; when the directly-connected temperature and humidity sensor is judged not to be in place, directly entering judgment of a next address, realizing all judgment processes of the directly-connected A-type sensor after the address X + i finishes processing judgment, entering judgment of the directly-connected B-type sensor, wherein the processing process is similar to that of the directly-connected A-type sensor and is not repeated; entering a temperature and humidity sensor with a multiplexer for processing and judging whether the temperature and humidity sensor is in place;
according to the sequence of address distribution, firstly gating an address Z, and starting conversion after the I2C address of the temperature and humidity sensor corresponding to the gating address Z is selected, wherein in the embodiment, the I2C address is X, then setting data reading parameters according to the type of the temperature and humidity sensor corresponding to the address Z, reading the I2C data length corresponding to the address Z, comparing the read I2C data length with a first preset data length, and if the data lengths are the same, indicating that the temperature and humidity sensor connected with the multi-way selector is in place, reading the data and performing data conversion to obtain specific temperature and humidity data; otherwise, the data lengths are not consistent, the temperature and humidity sensors connected with the multi-way selector are not in place, the next address processing and judgment are carried out, the processing process is the same as that of the address Z and is not repeated until the addresses Z + a + b, the data reading process of all the temperature and humidity sensors connected with the multi-way selector is completed, the processes are executed in a circulating mode, data reading is carried out when the data length judgment device is in place, the compatibility of the same version of software to different sensor modules can be achieved, and the dial codes and the addresses can be used in a mixed mode as long as the dial codes and the addresses are not in conflict.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An I2C equipment data acquisition method is applied to an I2C equipment data acquisition system, the I2C equipment data acquisition method comprises an I2C equipment data acquisition method connected with a multiplexer, and the I2C equipment data acquisition method connected with the multiplexer comprises the following steps:
an address gating step of gating the assigned address of the multiplexer;
an I2C address gating step, namely, gating the I2C address of the I2C device according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the distributed address of the multiplexer;
a parameter setting step, namely setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C equipment corresponding to the distribution address of the multiplexer;
a data checking step, namely acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with a first preset data length so as to check whether the I2C equipment is in place, judging that the I2C equipment is in place if the data length of I2C is the same as the first preset data length, and acquiring the first preset data length according to the type of the I2C equipment;
a data reading step, reading data of the I2C device in place according to the data reading parameters;
and repeating the step of changing the distribution address of the gated multiplexer, and repeating the I2C address gating step, the parameter setting step, the data checking step and the data reading step.
2. The I2C device data collection method of claim 1, wherein the I2C device data collection method further comprises a direct connection I2C device data reading step:
gating the I2C address of the direct I2C device;
setting data reading parameters according to the type of the I2C device corresponding to the I2C address of the direct connection I2C device;
acquiring the data length of I2C, judging whether the data length of I2C is consistent with a second preset data length to check whether the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, if the data length of I2C is the same as the second preset data length, judging that the direct connection I2C equipment is in place, and acquiring the second preset data length according to the type of the direct connection I2C equipment;
and reading data of the on-site direct connection I2C equipment according to the data reading parameters.
3. The data acquisition method of the I2C device according to claim 2, wherein the I2C address of the gated direct I2C device is determined to be the same as the I2C address of the I2C device, and when the direct I2C device is in place, the I2C address is the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is not in place, otherwise, the data acquisition method of the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is used to determine whether the I2C address is the I2C address and the I2C device connected to the multiplexer is in place.
4. An I2C device data acquisition system, characterized in that, by using the I2C device data acquisition method of any one of claims 1 to 3, the I2C device data acquisition system comprises: a host for reading data of the I2C device, a multiplexer, and at least two I2C devices of I2C address types, one said multiplexer connected to one said I2C device, one I2C interface of said host connected to said multiplexer, said host assigning an assigned address to each multiplexer.
5. The I2C device data acquisition system of claim 4, wherein the I2C device data acquisition system further comprises a direct I2C device interfaced with the I2C.
6. The I2C device data acquisition system of claim 5, wherein the I2C device and/or the direct I2C device comprises an I2C interface sensor.
7. The I2C device data acquisition system of claim 6, wherein the I2C interface sensor is a temperature and humidity sensor.
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