CN111264120B - 一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法 - Google Patents
一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法,具体提供一种利用60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质原溶液来处理杂草种子观察其对影响种子发芽情况的方法,具体步骤如下:1)杂草种子预处理;2)不同稀释倍数60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液的配制;3)不同稀释倍数60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液对杂草种子处理;4)60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质对杂草种子萌发及生长的抑制效果分析。该物质作为抑制剂用于抑制杂草种子萌发与生长,它可用于食品添加剂,人畜可食用,对人体无危害,安全性高于化学制剂,本发明可以避免使用常规植物生长抑制剂及除草剂对造成的土壤板结、盐碱化、环境污染等弊端,有望将其开发成绿色、安全、高效的新一代除草剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业杂草领域,具体涉及一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法。
背景技术
对任何特定的地理区域,当一种植物在人类显著地干扰下,其种群能够生长到占据整个空间或者在某些情况下占主导地位时,该植物则被称为杂草。在农艺学领域,专家发现关于杂草有趣的特性:人们越是想努力地控制它,它越能获得好的适应性。根据实际环境的不同,可以被称为杂草的植物有很多,比如灌木、爬藤以及各种草本植物。此外,杂草还特指那些生长力旺盛的、具有入侵性的、对栽培的农作物构成严重威胁的植物。
杂草天生精力充沛、对环境的适应能力强,能根据实际环境调整其占据行为并获得更好的适应性。杂草生物学和生态学就是杂草的成功史。杂草入侵的一般过程是:适应环境、趁机居留、占据地盘、结籽繁殖、抚养种群、随机应变、逐渐密集、适者生存、竞争消亡,且适应性好的个体获得更多的生存机会。杂草占领土地并进行扩张的过程中具有如下特点:(1)在耕作***中,未被农作物充分利用的资源,为杂草的生长和繁殖创造了前提条件;(2)杂草通过扩散、就近克隆繁殖持续占据更多田地,进而入侵更多、更有利的机会空间;(3)杂草的生物多样性使得具有良好适应性的杂草能够充分抓住并开发这些机会空间。随着时间的推移,通过优胜劣汰的自然选择和竞争进化,成为本地化改进的杂草;(4)杂草的特性会在其一生中的最佳时刻展现出来。当农业季节到来时,杂草会在植物群落中最大化其适应性;(5)杂草的这些特性,促使其在植物群落中相互整合并相互作用。杂草通过散播和迅速占据农作物之间的有利空间,入侵耕作***(田地)。其具体行为可以描述为:每个入侵的杂草通过占据田地里未被利用的资源,成长为开花的杂草,然后每一个开花的杂草独立地生成新的种子。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是:针对化学性激素类的抑制剂及除草剂的弊端,提出了一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法,具体步骤如下:
e1)预处理:选取发育完整、健康饱满的杂草种子,用自来水冲洗后,再用蒸馏水或自来水进行多次冲洗,将洗后的种子平铺于吸水滤纸上一段时间后使其吸干水分;
2)60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂不同稀释液的配制:用自来水或蒸馏水将60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释成0.6%、0.24%、0.12%的稀释液。
3)不同稀释液对杂草种子处理培养:选取一定数量的经步骤1)预处理所得的杂草种子平铺于不同浓度的天然辣椒素类物质溶液浸湿的2-3层定性滤纸(置于大小大小适中的玻璃培养皿),盖上培养皿盖后置于一定温度恒温培养箱中暗环境培养。
4)杂草种子萌发及其幼苗生长农艺指标测定:在步骤3)的条件下培养一定时间后,统计经不同浓度天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理后杂草种子的发芽情况,并测定胚轴长及鲜重,并计算不同浓度天然辣椒素类物质溶液对杂草种子发芽势、幼苗生长的抑制率。
其中,步骤1)所述杂草种子用自来水冲洗10-20min。
其中,步骤1)所述用蒸馏水冲洗3-5次。
其中,步骤1)所述洗后的种子平铺于吸水滤纸上5-8h,待水分吸收和风干。
其中,步骤2)所述0.6%天然辣椒素类物质溶液稀释方法为:取1ml的60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂加99mL的蒸馏水,均匀搅拌。
其中,步骤2)所述0.24%天然辣椒素类物质溶液稀释方法为:取1ml的60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液加249mL的蒸馏水,均匀搅拌。
其中,步骤2) 所述0.12%天然辣椒素类物质溶液稀释方法为:取1ml的60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液加499mL的蒸馏水,均匀搅拌。
其中,步骤3)所述的杂草种子为:狗尾草、马唐、稗草等一年生禾本科杂草。
其中,步骤3)所述的种子数量为60-100粒。
其中,步骤3)所述的不同浓度的天然辣椒素类物质溶液为:天然辣椒素类物质含量分别为0.6%、0.24%、0.12%的稀释液。
其中,步骤3)所述的定性滤纸为中速定性滤纸A9cm。
其中,步骤3)所述的天然辣椒素类物质溶液浸湿的2-3层定性滤纸,其每个培养皿中的滤纸用3mL一定浓度的天然辣椒素类物质溶液。
其中,步骤3)所述的一定温度为25±2℃。
其中,步骤4)所述的培养一定时间,基本为5-10天,具体根据不同杂草的发芽和幼苗生长情况而定。
其中,步骤4)所述的统计经不同浓度天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理后杂草种子的发芽情况,其主要判断方法为:种子露白或长出胚根即为种子萌发,种子未露白即视为没有萌发。
其中,步骤4)所述的测定胚轴长及鲜重,其胚轴的长度采用标准直尺进行丈量,子叶基部至根尖的长度定为胚轴长度,其鲜重采用精度0.01g的电子天平进行称量。
其中,步骤4)所述的计算不同浓度天然辣椒素类物质溶液对杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制率,对杂草种子萌发抑制率根据公式(1)和公式(2)进行计算,对胚轴生长抑制率根据公式(3)进行计算,对鲜重积累抑制率根据公式(4)进行计算。
种子萌发率 =……………………………(公式1)
种子萌发抑制率 = …………(公式2)
胚轴生长抑制率 = ………(公式3)
鲜重积累抑制率 = …………(公式4)
本发明的有益效果在于:
1. 克服使用常规植物生长抑制剂对土壤造成的板结、盐碱化,以及对水质和环境造成的污染等问题。
2. 一定浓度的60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂被作为抑制剂用于杂草种子上,因它可用于食品添加剂,人畜可食用,对人体无危害,其安全性高于传统植物生长调节剂或除草剂。
3. 该种抑制剂对于狗尾草、马唐、稗草等一年生禾本科杂草的种子萌发和幼苗生长有很好的抑制作用,能够在杂草生长初期对杂草进行有效控制。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
下面结合具体实例对本发明作进一步说明。
预实验
以稗草种子为材料,进行该种方法的预实验。
预实验的步骤为:1)预处理:选取发育完整、健康饱满的稗草种子,用自来水冲洗10min后,再用蒸馏水冲洗4次,将洗后的种子平铺于吸水滤纸上6h后使其吸干水分。
2)将步骤1)处理所得的稗草种子选取60粒分别平铺于放有蒸馏水、稀释100倍、250倍和500倍的60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液浸湿后含有2层定性滤纸的培养皿中进行培养,每处理重复3次。
3)将步骤2)所得的稗草种子在25±2℃的温度条件下培养14d后统计记录经蒸馏水及不同浓度60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理后杂草种子的发芽势、下胚轴长、鲜重及干重。
表1稗草培养第5d蒸馏水处理对照:CK、0.6%天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理:稀释100倍、0.24%天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理:稀释250倍、0.12%天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理:稀释500倍发芽势、下胚轴长及鲜重的比较下。
从表1可以看出稀释100倍、稀释250倍及稀释500倍下稗草种子的萌发抑制率与CK均存在显著差异,其中以稀释100倍的为最高;稀释100倍、稀释250倍及稀释500倍下胚轴生长抑制率和鲜重积累抑制率与CK均存在显著差异,随着稀释倍数的增加其抑制率逐渐降低,说明60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理稗草种子,浓度越高其抑制萌发效果越佳。
表1如下:
溶液中天然辣椒素类物质含量(%) | 种子萌发率(%) | 种子萌发抑制率(%) | 胚轴生长抑制率(%) | 鲜重积累抑制率(%) |
0.60 | 33 | 62±0.082d | 20±0.109c | 9.42±0.191d |
0.24 | 66 | 24±0.074c | 13±0.083b | 7.37±0.131c |
0.12 | 80 | 9.0±0.062b | 11±0.086b | 5.59±0.053b |
0.00 | 89 | 0.0±0.000a | 0.0±0.000a | 0.0±0.000a |
注:每一数值代表稗草种子培养第14d时,蒸馏水、0.6%天然辣椒素类物质溶液、0.24%天然辣椒素类物质溶液及0.12%天然辣椒素类物质溶液处理下各测量60粒萌发种苗发芽率、萌发抑制率、胚轴生长抑制率及鲜重积累抑制率的平均值±标准误,同列数据小写字母表示p<0.05显著水平,相同字母之间表示差异不显著,不同字母之间表示差异显著。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法,其特征包括:
(1)天然辣椒素类物质为60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质;
(2)该方法包括如下步骤:
① 杂草种子预处理;
② 60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释液的配制,其稀释液中天然辣椒素的浓度含量为0.6%;
③ 60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释液对杂草种子处理培养;
④ 杂草种子萌发及其幼苗生长农艺指标测定;
其中,天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂中含有60%天然辣椒素类物质、吐温80、中碳酸甘油酯和水,且辣椒素和二氢辣椒素占总天然辣椒素类物质的90%以上。
2.如权利要求1所述一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,步骤1)所述杂草种子包括狗尾草、马唐和稗草。
3.如权利要求1所述一种用天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂抑制杂草种子萌发的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)预处理:选取发育完整、健康饱满的杂草种子,用自来水冲洗10-20分钟后,再用蒸馏水冲洗3-5次,将洗后的种子平铺于吸水滤纸上5-8h,待水分吸收和风干;
2)60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释液的配制:采用自来水、蒸馏水作为稀释溶剂,将60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释成一定浓度的溶液,溶液中天然辣椒素类物质含量为0.6%;
3)60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释液对杂草种子处理培养:选取60-100粒经步骤1)预处理所得的杂草种子平铺于一定浓度的天然辣椒素类物质溶液浸湿的2-3层定性滤纸置于大小适中的玻璃培养皿,盖上培养皿盖后置于25±2℃恒温培养箱中暗环境培养;
4)杂草种子萌发及其幼苗生长农艺指标测定:在步骤3)的条件下培养14d后测定经一定浓度60%水溶天然辣椒素类物质水乳剂稀释液处理后杂草种子的发芽情况、胚轴长及鲜重。
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